scholarly journals Etorphine-halothane anaesthesia in two five-year-old African elephants (Loxodonta africana) : clinical communication

1999 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Anaesthesia of 2 five-year-old femaleAfrican elephants (Loxodonta africana) was required for dental surgery. The animals were each premedicated with 120 mg of azaperone 60 min before transportation to the hospital. Before offloading, 1 mg etorphine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) to each elephant to facilitate walking them to the equine induction / recovery room. For induction, 2 mg etorphine was administered i.m. to each animal. Induction was complete within 6 min. Surgical anaesthesia was induced with halothane-in-oxygen after intubation of the trunk. During surgery the mean heart rate was 61 and 45 beats / min respectively. Systolic blood pressures increased to 27.5 and 25.6 kPa respectively, and were treated with intravenous azaperone. Blood pressure decreased thereafter to a mean systolic pressure of 18.1 and 19.8 kPa, respectively. Rectal temperature was 35.6 and 33.9 oC at the onset of surgery, and decreased to 35.3 and 33.5 oC, respectively, at the end of anaesthesia. Etorphine anaesthesia was reversed with 5mg diprenorphine at the completion of 90 min of surgery.

Cluster Headache: Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Changes During Spontaneous Attacks

Cephalalgia ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Russell ◽  
Are von der Lippe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Head Pain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

The ECG findings before, during and following 81 spontaneous attacks of cluster headache in 24 patients have been recorded using a Holter cardiography system. No significant change in mean heart rate was found during attacks, when all attacks were considered as a group. Attacks which began when patients were awake differed from those which began during sleep as regards changes in mean heart rate. The mean heart rate decreased during the majority (61%) of attacks which began when patients were awake, whereas it remained unchanged or increased during the majority (67.5%) of attacks which began during sleep. The attacks which began when patients were awake also had higher absolute mean heart rate values before, during and following attacks compared to similar values for those attacks which began during sleep. Blood pressure was measured during 11 attacks and showed a significant increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The heart rate and blood pressure in six patients usually increased during induced head pain.

Effect of Age on Vascular α-Adrenoceptor Responsiveness in Man

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 305s-308s ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Elliott ◽  
David J. Sumner ◽  
Kathleen McLean ◽  
Peter C. Rubin ◽  
John L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

1. The responsiveness of α-receptors was compared in six young and six healthy elderly subjects by evaluating the haemodynamic effects of the a, antagonist prazosin and the pressor responses to the a, agonist phenylephrine. 2. Oral prazosin (1 mg) lowered erect (but not supine) blood pressure in both groups by a comparable amount: in young and old groups the respective maximal falls in systolic pressure were 19.5 ± 15.7 and 29.3 ± 11.4 mmHg (mean ± sd) and for diastolic pressure the maximal falls were 13 ± 13.3 and 18 ± 11.1 mmHg. 3. This similar fall in blood pressure occurred in association with a significantly different heart rate response: in the young group mean heart rate increased to 103 beats/min but there was no corresponding increase in the elderly group, which had a mean heart rate of 80 beats/min. 4. Log dose-response curves were derived from incremental intravenous infusions of phenylephrine, and the doses required to raise mean arterial pressure by 20 mmHg (PD20) were compared: the mean PD20 was significantly different in the two groups: 2.5 ± 1.6 in the young compared with 4.6 ± 2.3 μg min−1 kg−1 in the elderly, consistent with reduced pressor responsiveness in the elderly. 5. No significant difference in PD20 was apparent when pressor responsiveness was determined after prazosin, but the elderly required a significantly smaller increase in phenylephrine dosage to overcome prazosin's α-receptor-blocking effects. 6. Although there is no evidence of an age-related increase in the sensitivity of α-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction, the results are not inconsistent with an age-related reduction in α-adrenoceptor responsiveness.

INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Colin H. M. Walker ◽  
Phillip J. West ◽  
Sanford L. Simons ◽  
Anthony R. Whytock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

An impedance plethysmographic method for measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressures in small infants using standard electro-cardiogram recorders has been studied. The overall 95% confidence limit of the mean of five estimations was found to be ±3.74 mm Hg for the systolic and ±3.72 mm Hg for the diastolic value. Comparing this method with intra-arterial measurements gave correlation coefficients (r) of 0.95 (bias 10.09 mm Hg) for systolic pressure and 0.89 (Bias 10.09 mm Hg) for diastolic pressure. Values for the comparison with auscultation were 0.98 (bias 19.29 mm Hg) systolic and 0.86 (bias 10.17 mm Hg) diastolic, and for the comparison of the arithmetic mean value with the flush method 0.84 (bias 30.17 mm Hg). These results reveal a good correlation with the intra-arterial measurements and indicate that this technique can be used for the periodic or continuous blood pressure monitoring of infants.

scholarly journals Anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol and its effects on nitric oxide, plasma endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 in miniature pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Zhang Lu ◽  
Hong-Gang Fan ◽  
Sheng Jiang ◽  
Li-Juan Tan ◽  
Shi-Ming Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Severe Bradycardia ◽  
Vasoactive Factors ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

This study focused on anaesthesia and cardiopulmonary effects of tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol in miniature pigs and its effects on endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. A total of 14 eight-month-old Chinese experimental miniature pigs were used in this study. Tiletamine-zolazepam (3.5 mg·kg-1), xylazine (1.32 mg·kg-1) and tramadol (1.8 mg·kg-1) were administered i.m.; blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. At the same time, blood was collected through precaval vein, and nitric oxide, endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 were determined by colorimetry and radioimmunoassay. The mean times to dorsal recumbency, duration of immobilization, standing and walking were 2.26 ± 0.72, 87.57 ± 9.61, 25.63 ± 12.55 and 36.70 ± 14.53 min, respectively. Blood pressure was significantly changed at 10 and 80 min (P < 0.01), and the heart rate ranged from 89 to 134 bpm without episodes of severe bradycardia or tachycardia. Significantly positive correlation was observed between endothelin, thromboxanes B2 and blood pressure as well as the heart rate (P < 0.05). There was negative correlation between PGI2 and blood pressure as well as heart rate (P < 0.05). The results showed that endothelin, 6-keto-PGF1α and thromboxanes B2 participated in the changing of cardiopulmonary parameters which were caused by tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine-tramadol anaesthesia in miniature pigs, and the 6-keto-PGF1α, ET and TXB2 concentrations in plasma participated in the changing of blood pressures during anaesthesia. Therefore, we can recommend tiletamine-zolazepam/xylazine/tramadol for anaesthesia in pigs, and this study also contributes to the evaluation of the effect of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors during anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Influence of acepromazine on the cardiovascular actions of dobutamine in isoflurane-anesthetized horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Raposo Monteiro ◽  
Juliano Ferreira Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Cancian Baiotto ◽  
Giuliano Moraes Figueiró ◽  
Julia da Penha Piccoli Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Cardiovascular Actions ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

The influence of acepromazine (ACP) on the effectiveness of dobutamine (DBT) in increasing blood pressure during isoflurane (ISO) anesthesia was evaluated in six horses. On separate occasions, the horses were randomly assigned to receive NaCl 0.9% (Control), ACP 0.025mg kg-1 and ACP 0.05mg kg-1. The experimental treatment was administered prior to induction of anesthesia. Maintenance of anesthesia was performed under conditions of normocapnia with ISO in oxygen. Dobutamine was administered at progressively increasing infusion rates until mean arterial pressure (MAP) reached 70mmHg or until a maximum infusion rate of 5.0µg kg-1 min-1. Compared with baseline, DBT increased heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures in all treatments. However, these variables did not differ among treatments. The target MAP (70mmHg) was not reached in 2/6, 2/5 and 0/6 horses in the Control, ACP0.025 and ACP0.05 treatments, respectively. The mean dose of DBT to achieve target MAP was 3.5±1.8, 3.7±1.6 and 2.7±1.4µg kg-1 min-1 in the Control, ACP0.025 and ACP0.05 treatments, respectively (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this study, premedication with ACP does not interfere with the effectiveness of DBT in increasing blood pressure in horses anesthetized with ISO.

Intraventricular blood pressures in the chicken

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Bredeck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

Direct heart punctures were made in two groups of unanesthetized chickens to determine the left and right intraventricular blood pressures. One group was composed of nonlaying birds 28–30 weeks old and the other of laying hens 65–67 weeks of age. Heart rates and the respiratory influence on pressure were also measured. Average pressures obtained were 144/0 and 21/ - 1 mm Hg for the left and right ventricle, respectively. Respiratory efforts caused a mean fluctuation in systolic pressure of approximately 8 mm Hg in the left ventricle and 4 mm Hg in the right. With the exception of the right ventricular diastolic blood pressure, there were no significant pressure or pulse rate differences between the two groups. The heart rate and left ventricular pressure were found to be significantly correlated ( P < .01) in both groups of birds.

scholarly journals Autonomic control of heart rate during forced activity and digestion in the snakeBoa constrictor

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (20) ◽  
pp. 3553-3560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Wang ◽  
E. W. Taylor ◽  
Denis Andrade ◽  
Augusto S. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Boa Constrictor ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Chronotropic Effect ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

SUMMARYReptiles, particularly snakes, exhibit large and quantitatively similar increments in metabolic rate during muscular exercise and following a meal, when they are apparently inactive. The cardiovascular responses are similar during these two states, but the underlying autonomic control of the heart remains unknown. We describe both adrenergic and cholinergic tonus on the heart during rest, during enforced activity and during digestion (24–36 h after ingestion of 30 % of their body mass) in the snake Boa constrictor. The snakes were equipped with an arterial catheter for measurements of blood pressure and heart rate, and autonomic tonus was determined following infusion of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (3 mg kg–1) and the muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist atropine (3 mg kg–1).The mean heart rate of fasting animals at rest was 26.4±1.4 min–1, and this increased to 36.1±1.4 min–1 (means ± s.e.m.; N=8) following double autonomic block (atropine and propranolol). The calculated cholinergic and adrenergic tones were 60.1±9.3 % and 19.8±2.2 %, respectively. Heart rate increased to 61.4±1.5 min–1 during enforced activity, and this response was significantly reduced by propranolol (maximum values of 35.8±1.6 min–1), but unaffected by atropine. The cholinergic and adrenergic tones were 2.6±2.2 and 41.3±1.9 % during activity, respectively. Double autonomic block virtually abolished tachycardia associated with enforced activity (heart rate increased significantly from 36.1±1.4 to 37.6±1.3 min–1), indicating that non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic effectors are not involved in regulating heart rate during activity. Blood pressure also increased during activity.Digestion was accompanied by an increase in heart rate from 25.6±1.3 to 47.7±2.2 min–1 (N=8). In these animals, heart rate decreased to 44.2±2.7 min–1 following propranolol infusion and increased to 53.9±1.8 min–1 after infusion of atropine, resulting in small cholinergic and adrenergic tones (6.0±3.5 and 11.1±1.1 %, respectively). The heart rate of digesting snakes was 47.0±1.0 min–1 after double autonomic blockade, which is significantly higher than the value of 36.1±1.4 min–1 in double-blocked fasting animals at rest. Therefore, it appears that some other factor exerts a positive chronotropic effect during digestion, and we propose that this factor may be a circulating regulatory peptide, possibly liberated from the gastrointestinal system in response to the presence of food.

A Modified Method of Quantifying the Carotid Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex in Man: The Effect of Age and Blood Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Cowie ◽  
J. M. Rawles
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neck Chamber ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. Carotid baroreceptor-heart rate sensitivity has been measured non-invasively by a modified neck-chamber method that utilizes all cardiac intervals recorded in 6 min during 84 respiratory cycles. 2. In a replication study in 10 subjects the mean baroreflex sensitivity was 5.52 ms/mmHg and the mean (sd) difference between determinations was 0.70 (0.74) ms/mmHg. 3. Baroreflex sensitivity was measured in 48 untreated subjects of mean age 43 (range 20–71) years with blood pressures ranging from 104 to 202 mmHg (13.9 to 26.9 kPa) systolic and 52 to 120 mmHg (6.9 to 16.0 kPa) diastolic [average 142/87 mmHg (18.9/11.6 kPa)]. Both systolic and diastolic pressures correlated with age (r = 0.53, P < 0.001 and r = 0.44, P < 0.01). 4. Baroreflex sensitivity determined throughout respiration was log-normally distributed with a median value of 2.24 ms/mmHg, which declined with age (r = −0.63, P < 0.001). 5. After allowing for the effects of age, baroreflex sensitivity throughout respiration was not independently related to either systolic or diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Hypertension in Prenatally Undernourished Young-Adult Rats Is Maintained by Tonic Reciprocal Paraventricular–Coerulear Excitatory Interactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Bernardita Cayupe ◽  
Carlos Morgan ◽  
Gustavo Puentes ◽  
Luis Valladares ◽  
Héctor Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Excitatory Pathways ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prenatal Undernutrition ◽  
Number Of Cells

Prenatally malnourished rats develop hypertension in adulthood, in part through increased α1-adrenoceptor-mediated outflow from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic system. We studied whether both α1-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitatory pathways from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the PVN and their reciprocal excitatory CRFergic connections contribute to prenatal undernutrition-induced hypertension. For that purpose, we microinjected either α1-adrenoceptor or CRH receptor agonists and/or antagonists in the PVN or the LC, respectively. We also determined the α1-adrenoceptor density in whole hypothalamus and the expression levels of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. The results showed that: (i) agonists microinjection increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive eutrophic rats, but not in prenatally malnourished subjects; (ii) antagonists microinjection reduced hypertension and tachycardia in undernourished rats, but not in eutrophic controls; (iii) in undernourished animals, antagonist administration to one nuclei allowed the agonists recover full efficacy in the complementary nucleus, inducing hypertension and tachycardia; (iv) early undernutrition did not modify the number of α1-adrenoceptor binding sites in hypothalamus, but reduced the number of cells expressing α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. These results support the hypothesis that systolic pressure and heart rate are increased by tonic reciprocal paraventricular–coerulear excitatory interactions in prenatally undernourished young-adult rats.

scholarly journals FRI0618-HPR EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON PAIN, ANXIETY, AND VITAL SIGNS IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES PATIENTS DURING BIOLOGICAL DRUGS INFUSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 914.2-914
Author(s):  
S. Boussaid ◽  
M. Ben Majdouba ◽  
S. Jriri ◽  
M. Abbes ◽  
S. Jammali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
The Mean

Background:Music therapy is based on ancient cross-cultural beliefs that music can have a “healing” effect on mind and body. Research determined that listening to music can increase comfort and relaxation, relieve pain, lower distress, reduce anxiety, improve positive emotions and mood, and decrease psychological symptoms. Music therapy has been used greatly in various medical procedures to reduce associated anxiety and pain. Patients have a high level of anxiety when they are in the hospital, this is the case of patients with rheumatic diseases who consult regularly to have intravenous infusion of biological therapies.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs among patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases during intravenous infusion of biological drugs.Methods:Fifty patients were divided into two groups: The experimental group G1 (n=25) received drug infusion while lestening to soft music (30 minutes); and the control group G2 (n=25) received only drug infusion. Measures include pain, anxiety, vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate). The pain was measured using visual analogic scale (VAS). The state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) was used for measuring anxiety, low anxiety ranges from 20 to 39, the moderate anxiety ranges from 40 to 59, and high anxiety ranges from 60 to 80. Vital signs (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], heart rate [HR], and respiratory rate [RR]) were measured before, during and immediately after the infusion.Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis.Results:The mean age in G1 was 44.45 years (26-72) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.8. Including the 25 patients, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 10 had ankylosing spondylitis and 3 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 8 years. In G2, the mean age was 46 years (25-70) with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.75, 12 had rheumatoid arthritis, 11 had ankylosing spondylitis and 2 had psoriatic arthritis. The mean disease duration was 7.5 years. The biological drugs used were: Infliximab in 30 cases, Tocilizumab in 12 cases and Rituximab in 8 cases.Before the infusion, the patients of experimental group had a mean VAS of 5/10±3, a mean STAI of 50.62±6.01, a mean SBP of 13.6 cmHg±1.4, a mean DBP of 8.6 cmHg±1, a mean HR of 85±10 and a mean RR of 18±3. While in control group the mean VAS was 5.5±2, the mean STAI was 50.89±5.5, the mean SBP was 13.4±1.2, the mean DBP was 8.8±1.1, the mean HR was 82±8 and the mean RR was 19±2.During the infusion and after music intervention in G1, the mean STAI became 38.35±5 in G1 versus 46.7±5.2 in G2 (p value=0.022), the mean SBP became 12.1±0.5 in G1 versus 13±1 in G2 (p=0.035), the mean DBP became 8.1±0.8 in G1 versus 8.4±0.9 in G2 (p=0.4), the mean HR became 76±9 in G1 versus 78±7 in G2 (p=0.04) and the mean RR became 17.3±2.1 in G1 versus 18.2±1.7 in G2 (p=0.39).This study found a statistically significant decrease in anxiety, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients receiving music interventions during biological therapies infusion, but no significant difference were identified in diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate.Conclusion:The findings provide further evidence to support the use of music therapy to reduce anxiety, and lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients with rheumatic disease during biological therapies infusion.References:[1] Lin, C., Hwang, S., Jiang, P., & Hsiung, N. (2019).Effect of Music Therapy on Pain After Orthopedic Surgery -A Systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Practice.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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