scholarly journals Zinc (II) and AIEgens: The “Clip Approach” for a Novel Fluorophore Family. A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4176
Author(s):  
Rosita Diana ◽  
Barbara Panunzi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Imaging ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Zinc Cation ◽  
Common Term ◽  
The Common ◽  
Living Cell Imaging

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) compounds display a photophysical phenomenon in which the aggregate state exhibits stronger emission than the isolated units. The common term of “AIEgens” was coined to describe compounds undergoing the AIE effect. Due to the recent interest in AIEgens, the search for novel hybrid organic–inorganic compounds with unique luminescence properties in the aggregate phase is a relevant goal. In this perspective, the abundant, inexpensive, and nontoxic d10 zinc cation offers unique opportunities for building AIE active fluorophores, sensing probes, and bioimaging tools. Considering the novelty of the topic, relevant examples collected in the last 5 years (2016–2021) through scientific production can be considered fully representative of the state-of-the-art. Starting from the simple phenomenological approach and considering different typological and chemical units and structures, we focused on zinc-based AIEgens offering synthetic novelty, research completeness, and relevant applications. A special section was devoted to Zn(II)-based AIEgens for living cell imaging as the novel technological frontier in biology and medicine.

scholarly journals Deep Learning: A Review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Vargas ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
Ramon Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nonlinear Transformations ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
The Common ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
High Level ◽  
Novel Applications

Deep learning is an emerging area of machine learning (ML) research. It comprises multiple hidden layers of artificial neural networks. The deep learn- ing methodology applies nonlinear transformations and model abstractions of high level in large databases. The recent advancements in deep learning architec- tures within numerous fields have already provided significant contributions in artificial intelligence. This article presents a state of the art survey on the contri- butions and the novel applications of deep learning. The following review chron- ologically presents how and in what major applications deep learning algorithms have been utilized. Furthermore, the superior and beneficial of the deep learning methodology and its hierarchy in layers and nonlinear operations are presented and compared with the more conventional algorithms in the common applica- tions. The state of the art survey further provides a general overview on the novel concept and the ever-increasing advantages and popularity of deep learning.

Caged-electron States and Split-electron States in Endohedral Alkali C60

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yifan yang ◽  
Lorenz S Cederbaum
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Electron States ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level

The low-lying electronic states of neutral X@C60(X=Li, Na, K, Rb) have been computed and analyzed by employing state-of-the-art high level many-electron methods. Apart from the common charge-separated states, well known...

scholarly journals Plant-Based Alternatives to Yogurt: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of New Biotechnological Challenges

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Marco Montemurro ◽  
Erica Pontonio ◽  
Rossana Coda ◽  
Carlo Giuseppe Rizzello
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Nutritional Compounds ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand for milk alternatives, related to both health and ethical needs, plant-based yogurt-like products have been widely explored in recent years. With the main goal to obtain snacks similar to the conventional yogurt in terms of textural and sensory properties and ability to host viable lactic acid bacteria for a long-time storage, several plant-derived ingredients (e.g., cereals, pseudocereals, legumes, and fruits) as well as technological solutions (e.g., enzymatic and thermal treatments) have been investigated. The central role of fermentation in yogurt-like production led to specific selections of lactic acid bacteria strains to be used as starters to guarantee optimal textural (e.g., through the synthesis of exo-polysaccharydes), nutritional (high protein digestibility and low content of anti-nutritional compounds), and functional (synthesis of bioactive compounds) features of the products. This review provides an overview of the novel insights on fermented yogurt-like products. The state-of-the-art on the use of unconventional ingredients, traditional and innovative biotechnological processes, and the effects of fermentation on the textural, nutritional, functional, and sensory features, and the shelf life are described. The supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics and the related health effects are also reviewed.

Highly Cu2+-sensitive and selective colorimetric and fluorescent probes: Utilizations in batch, flow analysis and living cell imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yordkhuan Tachapermpon ◽  
Sumonmarn Chaneam ◽  
Adisri Charoenpanich ◽  
Jitnapa Sirirak ◽  
Nantanit Wanichacheva
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Living Cell ◽  
Cell Imaging ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Living Cell Imaging

Introduction: Peace Movements in Southern Europe during the 1970s and 1980s

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200942110149
Author(s):  
Martin Baumeister ◽  
Benjamin Ziemann
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Special Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Peace Movements

The introduction to this special section discusses the state of the art in recent historiography on peace movements during the 1970s and 1980s, and recent attempts to conceptualise Southern Europe as a geographical or political space.

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