scholarly journals A Review on Phytochemicals of the Genus Maytenus and Their Bioactive Studies

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4563
Author(s):  
Yuan-Yuan Huang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Guo-Xu Ma ◽  
Xu-Dong Xu ◽  
Xue-Gong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
Structural Classification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Hiv Inhibition ◽  
New Compounds

The genus Maytenus is a member of the Celastraceae family, of which several species have long been used in traditional medicine. Between 1976 and 2021, nearly 270 new compounds have been isolated and elucidated from the genus Maytenus. Among these, maytansine and its homologues are extremely rare in nature. Owing to its unique skeleton and remarkable bioactivities, maytansine has attracted many synthetic endeavors in order to construct its core structure. In this paper, the current status of the past 45 years of research on Maytenus, with respect to its chemical and biological activities are discussed. The chemical research includes its structural classification into triterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and alkaloids, along with several chemical synthesis methods of maytansine or maytansine fragments. The biological activity research includes activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as HIV inhibition, which can provide a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of the Maytenus.

Click Reactions in Chemistry of Triterpenes - Advances Towards Development of Potential Therapeutics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pokorny ◽  
Lucie Borkova ◽  
Milan Urban
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Click Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Triterpenoids are natural compounds with a large variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparazitic, antiinflammatory and others. Despite their low toxicity and simple availability from the natural resources, their clinical use is still severely limited by their higher IC50 and worse pharmacological properties than in the currently used therapeutics. This fact encouraged a number of researchers to develop new terpenic derivatives more suitable for the potential clinical use. This review summarizes a new approach to improve both, the activity and ADME-Tox properties by connecting active terpenes to another modifying molecules using click reactions. Within the past few years, this synthetic approach was well explored yielding a lot of great improvements of the parent compounds along with some less successful attempts. A large quantity of the new compounds presented here are superior in both activity and ADME-Tox properties to their parents. This review should serve the researchers who need to promote their hit triterpenic structures towards their clinical use and it is intended as a guide for the chemical synthesis of better drug candidates.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Multi-Substituted Pyrrole Derivatives Through [3+2] Cycloaddition with Tosylmethyl Isocyanides (TosMICs) and Electron-Deficient Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengning Ma ◽  
Zicheng Ma ◽  
Dawei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Pyrrole Derivatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Product Structures ◽  
Core Framework

Pyrrole and its polysubstituted derivatives are important five-membered heterocyclic compounds, which exist alone or as a core framework in many pharmaceutical and natural product structures, some of which have good biological activities. The Van Leusen [3+2] cycloaddition reaction based on tosylmethyl isocyanides (TosMICs) and electron-deficient compounds as a substrate, which has been continuously developed due to its advantages such as operationally simple, easily available starting materials, and broadly range of substrates, is one of the most convenient methods to synthetize pyrrole heterocycles. In this review, we discuss the different types of two carbon synthons in the Van Leusen pyrrole reaction and give a summary of the progress of these synthesis methods in the past two decades.

Derivatives and Analogues of Resveratrol: Recent Advances in Structural Modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 809-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Shan Li ◽  
Yao Li ◽  
Girdhar Singh Deora ◽  
Ban-Feng Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Modification ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthetic Analogues ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Clinical Drugs ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Reliable Basis

Resveratrol is a non-flavonoid polyphenol containing a terpenoid backbone. It has been intensively studied because of its various promising biological properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the medicinal application of resveratrol is constrained by its poor bioavailability and stability. In the past decade, more attention has been focused on making resveratrol derivatives to improve its pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics. This review covers the literature published over the past 15 years on synthetic analogues of resveratrol. The emphasis is on the chemistry of new compounds and relevant biological activities along with structure-activity relationship. This review aims to provide a scientific and reliable basis for the development of resveratrol-based clinical drugs.

scholarly journals Quinoa Secondary Metabolites and Their Biological Activities or Functions

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Han ◽  
Li ◽  
Wang ◽  
Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
South America ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) was known as the “golden grain” by the native Andean people in South America, and has been a source of valuable food over thousands of years. It can produce a variety of secondary metabolites with broad spectra of bioactivities. At least 193 secondary metabolites from quinoa have been identified in the past 40 years. They mainly include phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites exhibit many physiological functions, such as insecticidal, molluscicidal and antimicrobial activities, as well as various kinds of biological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on our knowledge of the structures, biological activities and functions of quinoa secondary metabolites. Biosynthesis, development and utilization of the secondary metabolites especially from quinoa bran were prospected.

Diving into the world of marine 2,11-cyclized cembranoids: a summary of new compounds and their biological activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1383
Author(s):  
Geng Li ◽  
Jeroen S. Dickschat ◽  
Yue-Wei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
New Compounds

This review summarises new marine 2,11-cyclized cembranoids from the past decade in a structured presentation according to their hypothetical biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Iridoids: Research Advances in Their Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Pharmacokinetics

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Wang ◽  
Xue Gong ◽  
Agula Bo ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Mingxu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Iridoids are a class of active compounds that widely exist in the plant kingdom. In recent years, with advances in phytochemical research, many compounds with novel structure and outstanding activity have been identified. Iridoid compounds have been confirmed to mainly exist as the prototype and aglycone and Ι and II metabolites, by biological transformation. These metabolites have been shown to have neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. This review summarizes the new structures and activities of iridoids identified locally and globally, and explains their pharmacokinetics from the aspects of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion according to the differences in their structures, thus providing a theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of iridoids and their metabolites.

scholarly journals Advances in Research on Chemical Constituents and Their Biological Activities of the Genus Actinidia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Tao Ma ◽  
Da-Wei Li ◽  
Ji-Kai Liu ◽  
Juan He
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractKiwi, a fruit from plants of the genus Actinidia, is one of the famous fruits with thousand years of edible history. In the past twenty years, a great deal of research has been done on the chemical constituents of the Actinidia species. A large number of secondary metabolites including triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, etc. have been identified from differents parts of Actinidia plants, which exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-diabetic activities. In order to fully understand the chemical components and biological activities of Actinidia plants, and to improve their further research, development and utilization, this review summarizes the compounds extracted from different parts of Actinidia plants since 1959 to 2020, classifies the types of constituents, reports on the pharmacological activities of relative compounds and medicinal potentials.

Advances In Asthma Care

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Asthma Care ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Asthma Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Examination Process

Asthma rates in the US have risen during the past 25 years, as have asthma-related morbidity and healthcare costs. Professional organizations involved in asthma care have identified the need to assure that an advanced level of asthma knowledge and skill is available to patients with asthma, their families, and insurers. This need led to development of the certification for asthma educators. The Certified Asthma Educator (AE-C) must meet specific clinical criteria and pass a standardized examination designed to evaluate knowledge and skill for providing competent asthma education and coordination. The development and current status of the Certified Asthma Educator examination process and content are discussed, as are goals of the certification

A common mechanism links activities of butyrate in the colon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit S. Verma ◽  
Michael J. Fink ◽  
Gabriel L Salmon ◽  
Nadine Fornelos ◽  
Takahiro E. Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Compounds

Two biological activities of butyrate in the colon (suppression of proliferation of colonic epithelial stem cells and inflammation) correlate with inhibition of histone deacetylases. Cellular and biochemical studies of molecules similar in structure to butyrate, but different in molecular details (functional groups, chain-length, deuteration, oxidation level, fluorination, or degree of unsaturation) demonstrated that these activities were sensitive to molecular structure, and were compatible with the hypothesis that butyrate acts by binding to the Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the catalytic site of histone deacetylases. Structure-activity relationships drawn from a set of 36 compounds offer a starting point for the design of new compounds targeting the inhibition of histone deacetylases. The observation that butyrate was more potent than other short-chain fatty acids is compatible with the hypothesis that crypts evolved (at least in part), to separate stem cells at the base of crypts from butyrate produced by commensal bacteria.

Water resources management in Greece: current status and prospective outlook

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Angelakis ◽  
E. Diamadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation Water ◽  
Pollution Loads

The basic aim of this paper is to present the existing conditions and problems of water resources management in Greece. Water demand has increased tremendously over the past 30 years. Despite adequate precipitation, water imbalance is often experienced, due to temporal and regional variations of the precipitation, the increased water demand during the summer months and the difficulty of transporting water due to the mountainous terrain. Integration of reclaimed wastewater originating from the wastewater treatment plant effluents into the water resources management is proposed. This plan exhibits the potential for reducing the pollution loads entering sea or inland waters, while at the same time providing water for irrigation.

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