scholarly journals ATR-FTIR-MIR Spectrometry and Pattern Recognition of Bioactive Volatiles in Oily versus Microencapsulated Food Supplements: Authenticity, Quality, and Stability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4837
Author(s):  
Ramona Maria Popa ◽  
Florinela Fetea ◽  
Carmen Socaciu
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Infrared Region ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Middle Infrared

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on the middle infrared region (ATR-FTIR-MIR) proved to be a convenient and reliable technique to evaluate foods’ quality and authenticity. Plants’ essential oils are bioactive mixtures used as such or in different oily or microencapsulated formulations, beneficial to human health. Six essential oils (thyme, oregano, juniperus, tea tree, clove, and cinnamon) were introduced in three oily formulations (Biomicin, Biomicin Forte, and Biomicin urinary) and these formulations were microencapsulated on fructose and maltodextrin matrices. To study their stability, the microencapsulated powders were kept under light irradiation for 14 days at 25 °C or introduced in biopolymer capsules. All variants were analysed by ATR-FTIR-MIR, recording wavenumbers and peak intensities (3600–650 cm−1). The data were processed by Unscrambler and Metaboanalyst software, with specific algorithms (PCA, PLSDA, heatmaps, and random forest analysis). The results demonstrated that ATR-FTIR-MIR can be successfully applied for fingerprinting and finding essential oil biomarkers as well as to recognize this pattern in final microencapsulated food supplements. This study offers an improved ATR-FTIR-MIR procedure coupled with an adequate chemometric analysis and accurate data interpretation, to be applied for the evaluation of authenticity, quality, traceability, and stability during storage of essential oils incorporated in different matrices.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Aphicidal Effect of Essential Oils and Their Synergistic Effect against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3055
Author(s):  
Qasim Ahmed ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Ruaa Al-Obaidi ◽  
Penghao Wang ◽  
Yonglin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

The insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from black pepper, eucalyptus, rosemary, and tea tree and their binary combinations were investigated against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Aphididae: Hemiptera), under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. All the tested essential oils significantly reduced and controlled the green peach aphid population and caused higher mortality. In this study, black pepper and tea tree pure essential oils were found to be an effective insecticide, with 80% mortality when used through contact application. However, for combinations of essential oils from black pepper + tea tree (BT) and rosemary + tea tree (RT) tested as contact treatment, the mortality was 98.33%. The essential oil combinations exhibited synergistic and additive interactions for insecticidal activities. The combination of black pepper + tea tree, eucalyptus + tea tree (ET), and tea tree + rosemary showed enhanced activity, with synergy rates of 3.24, 2.65, and 2.74, respectively. Essential oils formulation was effective on the mortality of aphids. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that stability of a mixture of essential oils was not affected by store temperature (15, 25, and 35 °C) and the functional groups were not changed during storage. Based on our results, the essential oils can be used as a commercial insecticide against M. persicae.

ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (FTIR) SPECTROCOPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (SI-TeMIC18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhanifah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Matzaini Katon Katon ◽  
Nurina Alya Zulkifli Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Transmission Fluid

Automatic Transmission (AT) system is efficient in the aspects of vehicle safety, comfort, reliability and driving performance. The objectives of this paper are to collect the oil samples from AT systems of engine bus according to manufacturer's recommendations and analyse collected oil samples using oil analysis technique. The sample transmission fluid which was taken from the AT gearbox has been experimentally analyzed. The oil samples were taken with an interval of 5,000km, 30,000km, 50,000km, 80,000km, 180,000km and 300,000km for AT bus operation. These samples then have been analyzed by comparing between new and used transmission fluid using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Oil analysis by FTIR is a form of Predictive Maintenance (PdM) to avoid major failure in machine elements. Most machine elements are not easily accessible in the transmission system. Having a reliable technique would avoid the needs to open the components unnecessarily, hence, help to prevent catastrophic failure which are very costly, and ease of regular monitoring. In order to identify the major failures of automatic gearbox, forecasts can be made regarding the lube transmission fluid analysis test. By using this test, the minor problems can be determined before they become major failures. At the end of this research, the wear particles profile for interval mileage of AT system was obtained. Keywords: Wear, Automatic Transmission (AT), Transmission fluid, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Oil analysis.

scholarly journals Short-Time Fourier Transform and Decision Tree-Based Pattern Recognition for Gas Identification Using Temperature Modulated Microhotplate Gas Sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixiang He ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangfen Wei ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sensor Response ◽  
Short Time Fourier Transform ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Different Gases

Because the sensor response is dependent on its operating temperature, modulated temperature operation is usually applied in gas sensors for the identification of different gases. In this paper, the modulated operating temperature of microhotplate gas sensors combined with a feature extraction method based on Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is introduced. Because the gas concentration in the ambient air usually has high fluctuation, STFT is applied to extract transient features from time-frequency domain, and the relationship between the STFT spectrum and sensor response is further explored. Because of the low thermal time constant, the sufficient discriminatory information of different gases is preserved in the envelope of the response curve. Feature information tends to be contained in the lower frequencies, but not at higher frequencies. Therefore, features are extracted from the STFT amplitude values at the frequencies ranging from 0 Hz to the fundamental frequency to accomplish the identification task. These lower frequency features are extracted and further processed by decision tree-based pattern recognition. The proposed method shows high classification capability by the analysis of different concentration of carbon monoxide, methane, and ethanol.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON MICROORGANISMS CAUSING CARIES AND PERIODONTITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
N.M. Devyatkina ◽  
N.O. Bobrova ◽  
E.M. Vazhnichaya
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Tea Tree

The oral cavity contains a large number of bacteria, some of which are involved in the development of caries and periodontitis (S. mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacilli spp, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis, and T. forythus). The disadvantages of existing antiseptics used in dentistry necessitate the study of antibacterial properties of herbal medicines, and, in particular, of essential oils. The aim of this review is to provide the analysis of literature sources from PubMed and Google Scholar databases related to the effects of essential oils of cloves, mint, thyme, eucalyptus, tea tree and their components on cariogenic and periodontopathic microflora. It was found out that the most in vitro studies evaluated the effects of essential oils or isolated compounds (eugenol, menthol, thymol, carvacrol, eucalyptol, and terpinene-4-ol) on S. mutans, which is considered to be the most cariogenic of oral streptococci, and the researchers limited to defining the susceptibility of the microorganism and effects on biofilm formation. Only in a few studies, the effects of essential oils on the virulence factors of oral pathogens, in particular glycosyl transferase, are represented. Clinical trials of essential oils, their components and combinations confirm the therapeutic potential of these agents in vivo, but raise the question of their effectiveness, taking into account the short-term action, which does not exceed the potency of chlorhexidine. Essential oils of cloves, mint, thyme, eucalyptus, tea tree and their components should be used for treating caries and periodontitis. They are also promising when used as agents of the oral care products, preservatives of the dental medicinal forms, and as remedies for halitosis. With a rational prescription, essential oils can be useful in improving the quality of dental treatment and preventive procedures.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils on in Vitro Growth of Fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa Infecting Button Mushroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-427
Author(s):  
Romuald Górski ◽  
Hanna Dorna ◽  
Agnieszka Rosińska ◽  
Dorota Szopińska ◽  
Alina Kałużewicz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Lavender Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Growth Of Fungi ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Abstract The aim of the studies was to investigate the effect of camel grass, lavender, patchouli, peppermint and tea tree essential oils, and their mixtures on the in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa, occurring in the cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth of the tested pathogens was evaluated on PDA medium. Essential oils were added in three doses: 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3 of PDA medium. Camel grass and peppermint essential oils applied at the highest dose inhibited completely the in vitro growth of C. dendroides mycelium. Lavender oil used at the amount of 1 mg·cm–3 reduced the growth of the pathogen by 90 %. In the case of M. perniciosa the complete inhibition of the pathogen’s growth was observed after the addition of camel grass oil to PDA medium, irrespective of a dose, and lavender oil at the doses of 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3. The efficacy of the tested mixtures against M. perniciosa was high. Generally, all mixtures of essential oils, irrespective of a dose, completely controlled the growth of the pathogen. The complete inhibition of the growth of C. dendroides was observed only on the medium with the addition of the mixture of camel grass and peppermint oils at the highest dose. The conducted research showed that natural essential oils due to their antifungal properties could be useful in the Integrated Disease Management for the protection of button mushroom against diseases. They could be an effective alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

Peculiarities of data interpretation upon direct tissue analysis by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vtaliy Chagovets ◽  
Aleksey Kononikhin ◽  
Nataliia Starodubtseva ◽  
Yury Kostyukevich ◽  
Igor Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Ion Cyclotron

Antifungal activity of essential oils against azole-resistant and azole-susceptible vaginal Candida glabrata strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 647-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Massa ◽  
S. Cantamessa ◽  
G. Novello ◽  
E. Ranzato ◽  
S. Martinotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Different Strains

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic pathogen, associated with endocarditis, meningitis, and disseminated disease, and also with complicated vaginitis. Essential oils derived from aromatic plants are known in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and have antifungal properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether 12 tested essential oils (tea tree, laurel, anise, basil, bergamot, lavender, mint, oregano, grapefruit, rosemary, winter savory, and ginger) could have a transverse effect on C. glabrata sensitive strains but above all on strains resistant to the three main azole antifungals used (clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole). For this reason, different strains of C. glabrata, vaginal isolated, were characterized (disk diffusion assay, minimal inhibitory concentration) with respect to their response to such antifungals. Electron microscopy analyses were performed to examine cellular damages in depth. Subsequently, we wanted to evaluate the effect of the oils on human cells to estimate their potential cytotoxicity. Oregano and winter savory were the two most effective essential oils, inducing growth inhibition, cell damage of C. glabrata strains (both sensitive and resistant to azole antifungal drugs), and medium–high level of toxicity against human keratinocytes. The results of this work support the research for new alternatives or complementary therapies against vaginal candidiasis.

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