scholarly journals Chemical Transformation of Humic Acid Molecules under the Influence of Mineral, Fungal and Bacterial Fertilization in the Context of the Agricultural Use of Degraded Soils

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4921
Author(s):  
Patrycja Boguta ◽  
Kamil Skic ◽  
Zofia Sokołowska ◽  
Magdalena Frąc ◽  
Lidia Sas-Paszt
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Humification Degree ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Different Soils

The main goal of this work was to study the structural transformation of humic acids (HAs) under the influence of selected strains of fungi (Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces lilacinus) and bacteria (Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) with/without the presence of NPK fertilizers. Two-year experiments were conducted on two different soils and HAs isolated from these soils were examined for structure, humification degree, and quantity using fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and extraction methods. Results showed that the applied additives contributed to the beneficial transformation of HAs, but effects differed for various soils. HAs from silty soil with higher organic carbon content showed simplification of their structure, and decreases in humification, molecular weight, and aromaticity under the influence of fungi and bacteria without NPK, and with NPK alone. With both fungi and NPK, increases in O/H and O/C atomic ratios indicated an increase in the number of O-containing functional groups. HAs from sandy soil did not show as many significant changes as did those from silty soil. Sandy soil exhibited a strong decline in HA content in the second year that was reduced/neutralized by the presence of fungi, bacteria, and NPK. Periodically observed fluorescence at ~300 nm/450 nm reflected formation of low-molecular HAs originating from the activity of microorganisms.

scholarly journals Revitalizing Fertility of Nutrient-Deficient Virgin Sandy Soil Using Leguminous Biocompost Boosts Phaseolus vulgaris Performance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Abdelfattah ◽  
Mostafa M. Rady ◽  
Hussein E. E. Belal ◽  
Eman E. Belal ◽  
Rahmah Al-Qthanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Positive Effects

During the 2019 and 2020 seasons, nutrient-deficient virgin sandy soil was examined along with the investigation of the response of Phaseolus vulgaris plants to soil application with biocompost in integration with chemical fertilizers applied to soil and plants. Four treatments (100% of the recommended NPK fertilizer dose (control), 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray, 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray + leguminous compost (CL), and 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray + CL containing Bacillus subtilis (biocompost; CLB)) were applied in a randomized complete block design. The 75% NPK applied to soil + 25% foliar spray + CLB was the best treatment, which exceeded other treatments in improving soil fertility and plant performance. It noticeably improved soil physicochemical properties, including available nutrients, activities of various soil enzymes (cellulase, invertase, urease, and catalase), soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content, and pH, as well as plant growth and productivity, and plant physiobiochemistry, including nutrients and water contents, and various antioxidant activities. The results of the 2020 season significantly outperformed those of the 2019 season, indicating the positive effects of biofertilizers as a strategy to combine soil supplementation with NPK fertilizers and allocate a portion of NPK fertilizers for foliar spraying of plants in nutrient-deficient sandy soils.

scholarly journals The influence of biochar on the content of carbon and the chemical transformations of fallow and grassland humic acids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Cybulak ◽  
Zofia Sokołowska ◽  
Patrycja Boguta
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Humification Degree

AbstractThere is limited information regarding the effect of biochar (BioC) on the fertility of fallow and grassland soils, as well as on the properties of their humic acids (HAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate with a 3-year field experiment the influence of BioC on the organic matter (OM) in Haplic Luvisol. BioC (obtained via wood waste pyrolysis at 650 °C) was applied to the soil of subplots under fallow and grassland at doses of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg m−2. The soil samples were collected eight times. The physicochemical properties were determined for the soil and BioC by analysing the density, pH, surface charge, ash, and organic carbon content. Based on the changes in the structure of the HAs and their quantity in the soils, the chemical properties of the HAs were determined. The maximum BioC dose caused an increase in the content of Corg and HAs. BioC did not influence the humification degree coefficients of the HAs originated from fallow, whereas in the grassland, there were significant changes observed in these coefficient values, indicating that BioC may stimulate and accelerate the humification process of soil HAs. Increasing the BioC doses caused an increase in the soil’s HA content, suggesting an increase in soil sorption capacity. The fluorescence data showed BioC addition to the soil caused an increase in the number of structures characterised by low molecular weight and a low degree of humification.

A comparison of 5 soil phosphorus extraction methods applied to different soils of South of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 2284-2290
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Shahriaripour ◽  
Ahmad Tajabadipour ◽  
Isa Esfandiarpoor ◽  
Vahid Mozafary
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Phosphorus Extraction ◽  
Different Soils

scholarly journals Influence of legume crops on content of organic carbon in sandy soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund Hajduk ◽  
Stanisław Właśniewski ◽  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
Higher Doses

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment designed to evaluate the content of organic carbon in brown soil (Haplic Cambisol Dystric) developed from a light loamy sand under legumes cultivation. Experimental factors were: species of legume crop (colorful-blooming pea(Pisum sativum), chickling vetch(Lathyrus sativus), narrow-leafed lupin(Lupinus angustifolius), methods of legumes tillage (legumes in pure culture and in mixture with naked oats) and mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N·ha−1). Cultivation of legumes on sandy soil did not result in an increase of organic carbon content in the soil after harvest as compared to the initial situation, i.e. 7.39 vs. 7.76 g·kg−1dry matter (DM), on average, respectively. However, there was the beneficial effect of this group of plants on soil abundance in organic matter, the manifestation of which was higher content of organic carbon in soils after legume harvest as compared to soils with oats grown (7.21 g·kg−1DM, on average). Among experimental crops, cultivation of pea exerted the most positive action to organic carbon content (7.58 g·kg−1, after harvest, on average), whereas narrow-leaved lupin had the least effect on organic carbon content (7.23 g·kg−1, on average). Pure culture and greater intensity of legume cultivation associated with the use of higher doses of mineral nitrogen caused less reduction in organic carbon content in soils after harvest.

Biodegradability study to develop longer life jute geotextiles for road applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4162-4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahuya Ghosh ◽  
Guda Venkatappa Rao ◽  
Syamal Kanti Chakrabarti ◽  
Supriya Pal ◽  
Uma Sankar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Different Soils

To enhance the life of jute geotextiles (JGTs) for road applications, new types of JGT fabrics were developed following two different routes, viz., (a) rot-proof treatment of 100% JGT fabric and (b) preparation of jute–polypropylene blended JGT fabrics. The biodegradability behavior of these fabrics along with grey JGTs was studied for different durations up to 12 months in three categories of saturated soils, namely, Guwahati Lateritic Red soil, Kolkata Alluvial Silty soil and Andhra Pradesh Black Cotton soil and water separately. Biodegradability assessment was done through residual tensile strength study and microscopic study. The experimentation reveals that rate of biodegradation of the JGTs is different in the three experimental saturated soils and water. Saturated Black Cotton soil was found to be the most detrimental medium. Studies were also carried out to understand this differential degradation behavior of JGTs in different soils. This indicates that the pH of soil media and microbial population growing capability of the respective soils both affect the level of degradation of the JGT fabrics. Jute–synthetic blended JGT is essential for Black Cotton soil road-subgrade, while grey JGT and treated JGT can be used in Lateritic soil and Silty soil, respectively.

Analysis on Bearing Capacity of CFG Pile Composite Foundation in Baotou

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Ying Hao Wang ◽  
Yu Qin Feng ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Practical Engineering ◽  
Soil Foundation ◽  
Cfg Pile Composite Foundation ◽  
Cfg Pile

By uniting composite foundation with CFG pile composite foundation for a practical engineering project in Baotou, the bearing capacity of CFG pile in sandy soil and silty soil foundation were analyzed. The conclusion can be applied to the similar projects in the region of Inner Mongolia.

scholarly journals Extraction methods and availability of micronutrients for wheat under a no-till system with a surface application of lime

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriel Ferreira da Fonseca ◽  
Eduardo Fávero Caires ◽  
Gabriel Barth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
System A ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Micronutrient availability can be affected by the increase of the soil pH due to surface liming. A field trial was carried out on a loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludox at Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil. The main objective was to evaluate the effects of surface liming and re-liming on the availability of micronutrients [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)] for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropped under a no-till system. A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot arrangement. The main plots received surface lime applications (2, 4, and 6 Mg ha-1) in July 1993. In the subplots, surface lime (3 Mg ha-1) was applied again in June 2000. In 2003, before the wheat sowing, soil samples were taken at 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm layers. Soil cationic micronutrients concentrations using different extractants (DTPA-TEA, Mehlich-1, HCl, and Mehlich-3) and solution/soil ratios were determined. Application of lime increased soil pH at 0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm. The increase in soil pH by liming did not affect soil organic carbon content. The Mehlich-3 solution had a greater capacity in extracting soil micronutrients. Increasing solution/soil ratio of the DTPA-TEA, Mehlich-1, and HCl solutions generally increased the extraction of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Liming and re-liming caused a decrease in Mn concentration in the wheat leaves. Leaf concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn were not affected by liming treatments. The solutions of DTPA-TEA, Mehlich-1, HCl, and Mehlich-3 were ineffective to predict the soil cationic micronutrients availability for a wheat crop after surface application of lime.

Effects of NPK Fertilizers on young Coconut (Cocos nucifera) on a Sandy Soil in Sri Lanka

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Loganathan ◽  
T. S. Balakrishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Low Solubility

SUMMARYIn a 4 × 4 × 4 NPK field experiment with coconut on a sandy soil, N increased girth, height and leaf production during the pre-bearing period, but phosphorus (up to 6½ years) and K (up to 3½ years) had no effect on any vegetative growth parameters. The rates of fertilizers for optimum copra and nut yield (13 to 16 years) were 0.35, 0.73 and 0.64 kg N, PO and KO/palm/ year respectively. The high P requirement was due to the low solubility of the saphos phosphate in these sandy soils. A positive N × P interaction was also observed.

scholarly journals Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: III Comparison of extraction methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Extractable Metals ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Al ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The extractability of soil Al, Fe and Mn were studied in 102 mineral soil samples. The extractants were 0.05 M oxalate (pH 2.9), 0.05 M K4P2O7 (pH 10), 0.02 M EDTA (pH 5.3) and 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 4.8). In the group of clay and silt soils (n = 51), the Al extracted by the four extractants correlated closely; the r values ranged from 0.91*** to 0.96***; in coarser soils (n = 51) the r values ranged from 0.42* to 0.82***. In clay and silt soils, the organic carbon content and soil pH together explained 50 % of the variation in oxalate-extractable Al, 70 % of the variation in pyrophosphate-extractable Al, 53 % of the variation in pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and 56 % of the variation in acetate-extractable Al. The clay and organic carbon contents together with soil pH explained 77 % of the variation in EDTA-extractable Al in clay and silt soils. In coarse soils, the extractable metals were not closely related to the soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Effects of Medium-Term Amendment with Sewage Sludge on Soil Organic Fertility and on Heavy Metal Bioavailability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Rossi ◽  
Claudio Beni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The biomass fraction of processed municipal and industrial wastes added to soil can maintain, and in some case improve, the soil’s organic fertility. One of the main constraints in the agricultural use of the sewage sludge is its content of heavy metals. In the long term, soil administration of sewage sludge in agriculture could result in a risk of environmental impact. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of medium-term fertilization with sewage sludge diversely processed on the soil’s organic carbon content and humification – mineralization soil’s processes and on the physical and mechanical properties of soil. Furthermore, the heavy metals accumulation in soil, in their total and available form, has been investigated. After eight years of administration to soil, the use of sewage sludge as an agricultural soil amendment has contributed to maintaining the soil’s organic fertility. An increase in concentrations of total Ni and Zn was detected in soil. For bioavailable form (DTPA-extractable) this trend was evidenced for all heavy metals analysed. However, the concentrations of total and available heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the legal threshold established by Italian law for unpolluted soils.

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