scholarly journals Musa sp. Leaves Extract Ameliorates the Hepato-Renal Toxicities Induced by Cadmium in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Karim Samy El-Said ◽  
Shaimaa Hussein ◽  
Barakat M. Alrashdi ◽  
Heba A. Mahmoud ◽  
Mahrous A. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact

Heavy metals intoxication causes several health problems that necessitate finding new protective and therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Musa sp. leaves extract (MLE) on hepato-renal toxicities induced by cadmium (Cd) in male mice. The phytochemical screening, metal chelating activity (MCA), and the median lethal dose (LD50) of MLE were determined. Fifty CD-1 male mice were used and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with MLE (1000 to 5000 mg/kg b.wt) for MLE LD50 determination. Another 50 mice were used for evaluating the effect of MLE on Cd toxicity. Blood samples were collected for hematological, liver, and kidney functions assessments. Liver tissue homogenates were used for determination of oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological and molecular investigations. MLE showed potent in vitro antioxidant activities. The MCA and LD50 of the MLE were 75 µg/mL and 3000 mg/kg b.wt, respectively. MLE showed beneficial therapeutic activity against hepato-renal toxicities in Cd-intoxicated mice, evidenced by improving the hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and molecular alterations.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

scholarly journals Use of kinase inhibitors against schistosomes to improve and broaden praziquantel efficacy

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (13) ◽  
pp. 1488-1498
Author(s):  
Sujeevi S. K. Nawaratna ◽  
Donald P. McManus ◽  
Robin B. Gasser ◽  
Paul J. Brindley ◽  
Glen M. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPraziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis. The potential drug resistance necessitates the search for adjunct or alternative therapies to PZQ. Previous functional genomics has shown that RNAi inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) gene in Schistosoma adult worms significantly improved the effectiveness of PZQ. Here we tested the in vitro efficacy of 15 selective and non-selective CaMK inhibitors against Schistosoma mansoni and showed that PZQ efficacy was improved against refractory juvenile parasites when combined with these CaMK inhibitors. By measuring CaMK activity and the mobility of adult S. mansoni, we identified two non-selective CaMK inhibitors, Staurosporine (STSP) and 1Naphthyl PP1 (1NAPP1), as promising candidates for further study. The impact of STSP and 1NAPP1 was investigated in mice infected with S. mansoni in the presence or absence of a sub-lethal dose of PZQ against 2- and 7-day-old schistosomula and adults. Treatment with STSP/PZQ induced a significant (47–68%) liver egg burden reduction compared with mice treated with PZQ alone. The findings indicate that the combination of STSP and PZQ dosages significantly improved anti-schistosomal activity compared to PZQ alone, demonstrating the potential of selective and non-selective CaMK/kinase inhibitors as a combination therapy with PZQ in treating schistosomiasis.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF THE LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE LOUR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Popi Patilaya ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Imam Bagus Sumantri ◽  
Simon Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Liver And Kidney

 Objective: Picria fel-terrae belongs to family Linderniaceae is also known as Pugun tano by Indonesian people. The ethanolic extract of plant leaves has several potential pharmacological activities including antidiabetic, anthelmintic, and antioxidant. However, the toxicity of the plant extract is rarely explored. This work was to investigate toxicity of the leaf ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae on Artemia salina and male mice.Methods: Acute toxicity of the plant extract was studied by in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro study was carried out by exposing nauplii to the plant extract at concentrations of 10, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/ml for 48 h. In vivo study was performed on male mice that divided into four groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were treated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%, the ethanolic extract of plant leaves at doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg bw, respectively. The animal toxic symptoms were observed every day for 14 days. On day 15, the blood of mice was collected to measure alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine levels. The effects of plant extract on vital animal organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were also studied. Statistical analysis of data was performed using analysis of variance and followed by Tukey post hoc.Results: The results showed that the leaf ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae to have weakly toxicity on A. salina with the LC50 of 768.07 μg/ml. At in vivo studies, the toxic symptoms of mice were not identified during experiment with all doses of the plant extract for 14 days. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine levels were no significantly different between control and all treatment groups (p>0.05). However, alanine aminotransferase level changed when mice were exposed by the plant extract at the doses of 2.000 and 5.000 mg/kg bw. Although the mice were not dead during experiment, the animal organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were histologically changed.Conclusion: This study suggests that the ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae leaves has weakly toxicity on A. salina and causes histological changes on male mice organs at the high doses.

scholarly journals Excretion in the House Cricket (Acheta Domesticus): Stimulation of Diuresis by Tissue Homogenates

1987 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY H. SPRING ◽  
SHELIA R. HAZELTON
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity

1. A new method is described for maintaining cricket Malpighian tubules in vitro. Warmed, oxygenated saline is circulated rapidly past the tubules, while the secreted urine is collected under oil for analysis. This technique allows the cricket tubules to be observed and manipulated for extended periods (6 h), in contrast to their short life (>1 h) using conventional methods. 2. Cricket tubules show extreme sensitivity to oxygen deprivation, such that 15 min of anoxia represents the median lethal dose (LD50) for in vitro preparations. 3. Homogenates of corpus cardiacum (CC) cause the rate of fluid secretion by the tubules to double. The maximum stimulation is dose-dependent over the range 0.01 to 1.0 CC. Homogenates of brain and other ganglia show much smaller stimulatory effects (0.01-0.02 CC-equivalents). Cyclic AMP mimics the increase in secretion rate, but has an inhibitory effect on the smooth muscle of the ureter. 4. Control preparations maintain a urine osmotic pressure (OP) that is hyperosmotic to the bath by 5–10 mosmol l−1. CC homogenate produces a decrease in urine OP to 10–12 mosmol l−1 hypo-osmotic to the bath. This suggests that active solute reabsorption is occurring in the lower tubule or ampulla. 5. Stimulation by CC homogenate increases the urine potassium concentration slightly less than two-fold, whereas the sodium concentration increases by a maximum of five-fold and remains at a higher concentration than potassium throughout the experiment. Tubule secretion rate is drastically inhibited in nominally sodium-free saline.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Digestibility of Beef and Consequences for Designing Meat-Centric Meals

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mustafa M. Farouk ◽  
Guojie Wu ◽  
Deborah A. Frost ◽  
Maryann Staincliffe ◽  
Scott O. Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ground Meat ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rigor State ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Starchy Foods

The impact of the following on beef digestibility was determined by static in vitro methods: (1) age of cattle; (2) muscle rigor state, ultimate pH, and mincing/particle size; (3) muscle/meat cut; (4) organ meats; and (5) meat accompaniments. Results indicate that beef is more digestible from older compared to younger cattle; prerigor compared to postrigor meat; higher compared to lower ultimate pH meat; cuts with lower compared to higher collagen contents; finely compared to coarsely minced/ground meat; and organ (liver and kidney) compared to muscle meat. Beef digestibility is enhanced when cooked with mushroom and pumpkin and reduced with starchy foods such as rice and potatoes. The outcomes of this study provide a base for the scientific design of meals with beef as a central ingredient and digestibility as the main functionality of interest.

Efficacy of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of whole porcine blood hydrolysates and its fractions under in-vitro conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh K. Verma ◽  
Manish Kumar Chatli ◽  
Nitin Mehta ◽  
Pavan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Porcine Blood ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Protein hydrolysates were recovered from porcine blood hydrolysate (PBH) using enzymatic hydrolysis viz. alcalase, trypsin and papain. The PBH were ultra-filtered by using molecular weight cut off, these PBH and different fractions were evaluated for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The PBH and fractions were assessed for antioxidant efficacy viz. 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and antimicrobial activity by zone of inhibition assay. All antioxidant parameters assessed for inhibition activity were observed significantly (P < 0.05) higher for whole PBH whereas among fractions (5–10 kDa), (1–5 kDa) for all hydrolysates had comparatively higher antioxidant efficacy. The results showed that PBH obtained from trypsin and its fractions have highest antioxidant activities. The antimicrobial efficacy was also higher for whole PBH than their respective fractions; however, the zone of inhibition varied significantly (P < 0.05) among different fractions. Results revealed that among enzymes trypsin and alcalase could produce peptides with comparatively higher antimicrobial activity for all tested microbes than papain. The results concluded that porcine blood hydrolysates can be fractioned to get lower molecular weight peptides of interest; however, for addition of whole PBH in meat products or other use could be more useful with regards to its antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and economic production.

scholarly journals A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Compound 4-N-Carbobenzoxy-gemcitabine (Cbz-dFdC)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2218
Author(s):  
Yilin Sun ◽  
Jiankun Wang ◽  
Kun Hao
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Enzyme Kinetic ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Carboxylesterase 1

Gemcitabine (dFdC) demonstrates significant effectiveness against solid tumors in vitro and in vivo; however, its clinical application is limited because it tends to easily undergo deamination metabolism. Therefore, we synthesized 4-N-carbobenzoxy-gemcitabine (Cbz-dFdC) as a lead prodrug and conducted a detailed pharmacokinetic, metabolic, and pharmacodynamic evaluation. After intragastric Cbz-dFdC administration, the Cmax of Cbz-dFdC and dFdC was 451.1 ± 106.7 and 1656.3 ± 431.5 ng/mL, respectively. The Tmax of Cbz-dFdC and dFdC was 2 and 4 h, respectively. After intragastric administration of Cbz-dFdC, this compound was mainly distributed in the intestine due to low carboxylesterase-1 (CES1) activity. Cbz-dFdC is activated by CES1 in both humans and rats. The enzyme kinetic curves were well fitted by the Michaelis–Menten equation in rats’ blood, plasma, and tissue homogenates and S9 of the liver and kidney, as well as human liver S9 and CES1 recombinase. The pharmacodynamic results showed that the Cbz-dFdC have a good antitumor effect in the HepG2 cell and in tumor-bearing mice, respectively. In general, Cbz-dFdC has good pharmaceutical characteristics and is therefore a good candidate for a potential prodrug.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Tuna Backbone Peptide and Its Analogs: An In Vitro and In Silico Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Varun Gopinatth ◽  
Rufa L. Mendez ◽  
Elaine Ballinger ◽  
Jung Yeon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

Tuna backbone peptide (TBP) has been reported to exert potent inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation in vitro. Since this bears relevant physiological implications, this study was undertaken to assess the impact of peptide modifications on its bioactivity and other therapeutic potential using in vitro and in silico approach. Some TBP analogs, despite lower purity than the parent peptide, exerted promising antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated by ABTS radical scavenging assay and cellular antioxidant activity assay. In silico digestion of the peptides resulted in the generation of antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitory dipeptides. Using bioinformatics platforms, we found five stable TBP analogs that hold therapeutic potential with their predicted multifunctionality, stability, non-toxicity, and low bitterness intensity. This work shows how screening and prospecting for bioactive peptides can be improved with the use of in vitro and in silico approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document