scholarly journals Effect of Using Different Chemical Dispersing Agents in Grain Size Analyses of Fluvial Sediments via Laser Diffraction Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Mubarak Abdulkarim ◽  
Haruna M. Grema ◽  
Ibrahim H. Adamu ◽  
Daniela Mueller ◽  
Melanie Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Thermal Combustion ◽  
Dispersing Agents ◽  
Size Data

Laser diffraction spectrometry allows for efficiently obtaining high-resolution grain size data. However, pretreatment and dispersion of aggregates in sediment samples are essential pre-requisites for acquiring accurate results using this method. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five dispersing agents in deflocculating the investigated fluvial sediments and the resulting grain size distribution obtained by laser diffraction spectrometry. We also examine the ability of the different dispersing agents to deflocculate sediment samples treated by thermal combustion. Distilled water presented a low efficiency in deflocculating the samples and yielded a near-zero clay content for samples with an expected clay content. The other chemical dispersants were effective in dispersing aggregates and yielding clay, albeit with different efficiencies. Calgon had the highest dispersing ability, followed closely by sodium tripolyphosphate. The performance of chemical treatment with sodium oxalate approaches that of sodium tripolyphosphate. However, it leads to the formation of precipitates in the samples, obscuring the actual grain size data. Sodium pyrophosphate derived the least amount of deflocculation among the four chemical dispersants. Furthermore, all the chemical dispersants were found to be ineffective in dispersing aggregates in samples treated by thermal combustion.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pipette and Laser Diffraction Methods in Determining the Granulometric Content of Fluvial Sediment Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes Kun ◽  
Orsolya Katona ◽  
György Sipos ◽  
Károly Barta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Fluvial Sediment ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Correlation Factors

Abstract Nowadays there is a growing demand for rapid and accurate determination of grain size distribution. The conventional pipette method is time-consuming and provides less detailed data compared to recently introduced methods. However, in Hungarian practice the pipette method is still considered to be the standard one, as there are a long series of measurements, and grain size thresholds used in sedimentology and soil sciences are based on this approach. The aim of our research was to determine the comparability of the laser diffraction method (LDM) with the conventional pipette method (PM), in order to investigate the controversial question on the interchangeability of the two methods. Based on our measurements on some representative fluvial sediment samples, we found that the largest difference in results can be expected in the silty grain size range. However if the main fractions (clay, silt, sand) are considered the methods provided similar very results, and correlation factors were above 0.92. In all, the LDM has a clear advantage because of its speed, reproducibility and fewer possibilities for operator failure.

scholarly journals Paleoenvironments from robust loess stratigraphy using high-resolution color and grain-size data of the last glacial Krems-Wachtberg record (NE Austria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 106602
Author(s):  
Tobias Sprafke ◽  
Philipp Schulte ◽  
Simon Meyer-Heintze ◽  
Marc Händel ◽  
Thomas Einwögerer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Size Data ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Pedotransfer functions for converting laser diffraction particle-size data to conventional values

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Makó ◽  
G. Tóth ◽  
M. Weynants ◽  
K. Rajkai ◽  
T. Hermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Particle Size Data ◽  
Size Data

scholarly journals Influence of the Matrix Grain Size on the Apparent Density and Bending Strength of Sand Cores

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
R. Dańko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The results of investigations of the influence of the matrix grain sizes on properties of cores made by the blowing method are presented in the hereby paper. Five kinds of matrices, differing in grain size compositions, determined by the laser diffraction method in the Analysette 22NanoTec device, were applied in investigations. Individual kinds of matrices were used for making core sands in the Cordis technology. From these sands the shaped elements, for determining the apparent density of compacted sands and their bending strength, were made by the blowing method. The shaped elements (cores) were made at shooting pressures being 3, 4 and 5 atn. The bending strength of samples were determined directly after their preparation and after the storing time of 1 hour.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of Fluvial Sediments from Geregu, Southwest Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel E. Adiotomre ◽  
Innocent O. Ejeh ◽  
Edwin O. Adaikpoh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Passive Margin ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quartz Grains

Abstract Geochemical analysis of fluvial sediments on the banks of River Ero using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry illustrates their maturity, provenance and tectonic setting. The analysed sediment samples show low SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 2.92-2.99 (units FL_A, FL_B and FL_E) and high SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 4.064-4.852 (units FL_C, FL_D, FL_F and FL_G). Sediments were geochemically classified as shales (units FL_A, FL_B and FL_E) and greywackes (units FL_C, FL_D, FL_F and FL_G). Variability in sediment maturity (FL_F > FL_G >FL_C >FL_D >FL_A > FL_B > FL_E) parallels a decreasing order in the ratios of SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Al2O3, as well as the proportion of quartz grains and matrix components. Evidence from Al2O3/TiO2, K2O, Rb, La/Co, Th/Co, Cr/ Th, Th/Cr, La/Th-Hf, Th-Hf-Co and rare earth element contents of sediment samples suggest felsic protoliths of upper continental crust in a passive margin tectonic setting. An insignificant contribution of mafic components from the source is, however, inferred based on the Ni and Cr contents of the sediment samples. Combined Eu anomalies <0.85 and (Gd/Yb)n ratios <2.0 (1.53- 1.82, average 1.65) suggest post-Archean protoliths.

As-Cast Grain Size of Aluminum Alloys Refined by Al-Ti-B Master Alloys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Easton ◽  
David St John ◽  
Prasad Arvind
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Refined Microstructure ◽  
Critical Technology ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Cast Parts ◽  
Size Data

Grain refinement is a critical technology for the successful production of cast parts; whether that be preforms such as extrusion billet or rolling slab, or near net-shape castings. A refined microstructure has many advantages with reduced defects and improved mechanical properties. This article describes the approaches to the prediction of grain size in Al-alloys refined by Al-Ti-B master alloys. Included are empirical approaches based on the generation and analysis of grain size data, the development of analytical equations, and the use of finite element approaches to the prediction of grain sizes. It is clear that researchers have a good ability to predict grain size of Al-alloys grain refined by Al-Ti-B master alloys, although there are still some outstanding challenges, particularly in considering more extreme solidification conditions and poisoning of the master alloys.

scholarly journals Sediment Sources and Dispersion on the Western Sunda Shelf, Malay Peninsula, Southern South China Sea

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2823
Author(s):  
Yanguang Liu ◽  
Chuanshun Li ◽  
Ramlan Bin Omar ◽  
Xuefa Shi ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Southern South China Sea ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
Sediment Samples

Thirty-nine surface sediment samples collected from the western Sunda Shelf off the Malay Peninsula (WSSMP) in the southern South China Sea (SCS) were analysed for grain size, major and trace elemental compositions, and light/heavy mineral contents to trace the sediment sources and their transport mechanisms in the study area. In the WSSMP, the surface sediments are relatively poorly sorted but transportable. A principal component analysis of 37 elements and grain size fractions indicates that the surface sediments can be grouped into four major assemblages in the study area. Integrating with the light/heavy minerals data in the 63–125 μm fractions of the surface sediment samples, to better trace the sediment sources of the coarse-grained components in the marine environment, the study area can be further divided into four sediment provinces. Province I is located in the northwestern part of the study area. The concentrations of TiO2, Na2O, garnet, siderite, and glauconite in Province I were higher than in the other provinces. The main sediment source for this province originated from the Kelantan River and the Gulf of Thailand transported by the northeastern monsoon current. Province II is located offshore of the Pahang and Endau Rivers. The percentages of TiO2, rare earth elements, Al2O3, quartz, plagioclase, hypersthene, and magnetite in the surface sediments were typically higher in this province than in the other provinces. The Pahang and Endau rivers provide most of the sediments to this province, which are transported by southward coastal currents. Province III is located in the northeastern and eastern parts of the study area, where the coarse-grained sediment fraction had relatively high hornblende and biotite contents. Sediments in this province are mostly transported from the Mekong River during the northeastern monsoon. The other parts of the study area belong to Province IV, where the surface sediment elemental and mineral concentrations were mostly between those of the other three provinces. Therefore, we suggest that Province IV has a mixed source due to inputs from the surrounding rivers.

scholarly journals Impact of change in erosion rate and landscape steepness on hillslope and fluvial sediments grain size in the Feather River Basin (Sierra Nevada, California)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1047-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Attal ◽  
S. M. Mudd ◽  
M. D. Hurst ◽  
B. Weinman ◽  
K. Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Fluvial Sediments ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feather River ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract. The characteristics of the sediment transported by rivers (e.g., sediment flux, grain size distribution – GSD –) dictate whether rivers aggrade or erode their substrate. They also condition the architecture and properties of sedimentary successions in basins. In this study, we investigate the relationship between landscape steepness and the grain size of hillslope and fluvial sediments. The study area is located within the Feather River Basin in Northern California, and studied basins are underlain exclusively by tonalite lithology. Erosion rates in the study area vary over an order of magnitude, from > 250 mm ka−1 in the Feather River canyon to < 15 mm ka−1 on an adjacent low relief plateau. We find that the coarseness of hillslope sediment increases with increasing hillslope steepness and erosion rates. We hypothesize that, in our soil samples, the measured ten-fold increase in D50 and doubling of the amount of fragments larger than 1 mm when slope increases from 0.38 to 0.83 m m−1 is due to a decrease in the residence time of rock fragments, causing particles to be exposed for shorter periods of time to processes that can reduce grain size. For slopes in excess of 0.7 m m−1, landslides and scree cones supply much coarser sediment to rivers, with D50 and D84 more than one order of magnitude larger than in soils. In the tributary basins of the Feather River, a prominent break in slope developed in response to the rapid incision of the Feather River. Downstream of the break in slope, fluvial sediment grain size increases, due to an increase in flow competence (mostly driven by channel steepening) but also by a change in sediment source and in sediment dynamics: on the plateau upstream of the break in slope, rivers transport easily mobilised fine-grained sediment derived exclusively from soils. Downstream of the break in slope, mass wasting processes supply a wide range of grain sizes that rivers entrain selectively, depending on the competence of their flow. Our results also suggest that in this study site, hillslopes respond rapidly to an increase in the rate of base-level lowering compared to rivers.

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