scholarly journals Development of Nanofluids for the Inhibition of Formation Damage Caused by Fines Migration: Effect of the Interaction of Quaternary Amine (CTAB) and MgO Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeka Díez ◽  
Oscar E. Medina ◽  
Lady J. Giraldo ◽  
Farid B. Cortés ◽  
Camilo A. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Quaternary Amine ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Fines Migration ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles

Fines migration is a common problem in the oil and gas industry that causes a decrease in productivity. In this sense, the main objective of this study is to develop nanocomposites based on the interaction of quaternary amine (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide—CTAB) and MgO to enhance the capacity of retention of fine particles in the porous medium. MgO nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method using Mg(NO3)2·6H2O as a precursor. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), the point of zero charge (pHpzc), thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Different nanoparticle sizes of 11.4, 42.8, and 86.2 nm were obtained, which were used for preparing two system nanofluids. These systems were evaluated in the inhibition of fines migration: in the system I MgO nanoparticles were dispersed in a CTAB-containing aqueous solution, and system II consists of a nanocomposite of CTAB adsorbed onto MgO nanoparticles. The fines retention tests were performed using Ottawa sand 20/40 packed beds and fine particles suspensions at concentrations of 0.2% in a mass fraction in deionized water. Individual and combined effects of nanoparticles and CTAB were evaluated in different treatment dosages. The analysis of the interactions between the CTAB and the MgO nanoparticles was carried out through batch-mode adsorption and desorption tests. The best treatment in the system I was selected according to the fines retention capacity and optimized through a simplex-centroid mixture design for mass fractions from 0.0% to 2.0% of both CTAB and MgO nanoparticles. This statistical analysis shows that the optimal concentration of these components is reached for a mass fraction of 0.73% of MgO nanoparticles and 0.74% in mass fraction of CTAB, where the retention capacity of the porous medium increases from 0.02 to 0.39 mg·L−1. Based on the experimental results, the nanofluids combining both components showed higher retention of fines than the systems treated only with CTAB or with MgO nanoparticles, with efficiencies up to 400% higher in the system I and higher up to 600% in the system II. To evaluate the best performance treatment under reservoir conditions, there were developed core flooding tests at fixed overburden pressure of 34.5 MPa, pore pressure at 6.9 MPa and system temperature at 93 °C. Obtaining critical rate increases in 142.8%, and 144.4% for water and oil flow in the presence of the nanofluid. In this sense, this work offers a new alternative for the injection of nanocomposites as a treatment for the problem of fines migration to optimize the productivity of oil and gas wells.

Zeta-Potential Investigation and Experimental Study of Nanoparticles Deposited on Rock Surface To Reduce Fines Migration

SPE Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 534-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.. Ahmadi ◽  
A.. Habibi ◽  
P.. Pourafshary ◽  
S.. Ayatollahi
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Fines Migration ◽  
Total Interaction Energy ◽  
Total Interaction ◽  
Potential Test

Summary Fines migration is a noticeable problem in petroleum-production engineering. Plugging of throats in porous media occurs because of detachment of fine particles from sand surfaces. Thus, the study of interactions between fines and pore surfaces and the investigation of governing forces are important factors to consider when describing the mechanism of the fines-release process. The main types of these forces are electric double-layer repulsion (DLR) and London–van der Waals attraction (LVA). It may be possible to alter these forces with nanoparticles (NPs) as surface coatings. In comparison with repulsion forces, NPs increase the effect of attraction forces. In this paper, we present new experiments and simple modeling to observe such properties of NPs. For this purpose, the surfaces of pores were coated with different types of NPs: magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). A zeta-potential test was used to examine changes in the potential of the pore surfaces. Total interaction energy was then mathematically calculated to compare different states. Total interaction energy is a fitting criterion that gives proper information about the effect of different NPs on surface properties. Consequently, total interaction plots are found to be suitable tools for selecting the best coating material. On the basis of experimental results, the magnitude of change in zeta potential for the MgO NP was 45 mV. Our model demonstrated that the magnitude of the electric DLR in comparison with the LVA of the probe and plate surface was considerably diminished when MgO NPs were used to coat the surface of the plate, which agrees completely with our experimental observation.

scholarly journals Morphological, chemical and optical absorbing characterization of aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Valladolid

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2739-2748 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mogo ◽  
V. E. Cachorro ◽  
A. M. de Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
Urban Atmosphere ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Inverse Power Law

Abstract. Samples of atmospheric aerosol particles were collected in Valladolid, Spain, during the winter of 2003-2004. The measurements were made with a Dekati PM10 cascade impactor with four size stages: greater than 10 µm, between 2.5 to 10 µm, 1 to 2.5 µm and less than 1 µm. The size and shape of the particles were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental analysis was done with an energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). We present an evaluation by size, shape and composition of the major particulate species in the Valladolid urban atmosphere. The total aerosol concentration is very variable, ranging from 39.86 µg·m-3 to 184.88 µg·m-3 with the coarse particles as the dominant mass fraction. Emphasis was given to fine particles (<1 µm), for which the visible (400 nm to 650 nm) light absorption coefficients were measured using the integrating plate technique. We have made some enhancements in the illumination system of this measurement system. The absorption coefficient, σa, is highly variable and ranges from 7.33×10-6 m-1 to 1.01×10-4 m-1 at a wavelength of 550 nm. There is an inverse power law relationship between σa and wavelength, with an average exponent of -0.8.

Nanofluid Precoating: An Effective Method To Reduce Fines Migration in Radial Systems Saturated With Two Mobile Immiscible Fluids

SPE Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 998-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Splitting Method ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Mechanistic Modeling ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Fines Migration

Summary Prediction of how nanofluid applications can potentially control fines migration in porous media saturated with two immiscible fluids requires a mechanistic modeling approach. We develop analytic solutions to evaluate the efficiency of nanofluid utilization to reduce fines migration in systems saturated with two immiscible fluids. In this study, fines migration in the radial-flow system saturated with two immiscible fluids (oil and water) is considered; two capture mechanisms of fine particles—fines attachment and straining—are incorporated into the modeling work. The analytic solution is derived by implementing the splitting method and stream-function transformation to convert a 2 × 2 (nonhomogeneous) system of equations into an equation with a fine-particle component (nanoparticle effects) and a lifting equation in which only water saturation appears. Through quantitative comparison of suspended fines and water-saturation-profile plots, the accuracy of the analytic solution is verified with finite-difference numerical solutions. Saturation c-shock and saturation s-shock appear in the analytical solutions. The fines migration and consequent phenomena (fines attachment, fines straining, and fines suspension) decelerate the breakthrough of the injected fluids (better sweep efficiency) and increase the corresponding front saturation of the injected fluid near the wellbore—i.e., larger relative permeability (better injectivity). The results suggest that fines attachment onto the grain surface and well injectivity are enhanced after nanofluid pretreatment; moreover, the smallest radius to be pretreated by nanofluid is approximated to maintain its benefits. In practice, our analytic approach provides a valuable mathematical structure to evaluate how nanoparticle usage can enhance performance of water-based enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) techniques in reservoirs with a fines-migration issue.

scholarly journals Modeling the hydrophysical soil properties and comparative analysis for three systems of functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 09016
Author(s):  
Vitaly Terleev ◽  
Roman Ginevsky ◽  
Viktor Lazarev ◽  
Aleksandr Nikonorov ◽  
Alexander Topaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity

A functional description of the hydrophysical properties of the soil as a capillary-porous medium is presented. The described functions of water retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity of the soil have common parameters, which are interpreted within the framework of physical and statistical concepts. The practical significance of the proposed functions lies in the fact that the volume of labor-intensive field measurements necessary, for example, for modeling the dynamics of soil moisture, is significantly reduced. To identify the parameters of these functions, it is sufficient to use data only on the water retention capacity of the soil. The parameters identified in this way can be used to predict the ratio of the hydraulic conductivity of the soil to the moisture filtration coefficient. The presented system of the hydrophysical functions of the soil is compared with world analogues using literature data on soils of different texture.

Elasto-Plastic Analysis on Wellbore Stability under the Condition of Permeation

2010 ◽  
Vol 156-157 ◽  
pp. 1292-1296
Author(s):  
Jian Bing Sang ◽  
Su Fang Xing ◽  
Chen Hua Lu ◽  
Wen Jia Wang ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Plastic Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

Maintaining the wellbore stability is a key factor for oil and gas drilling operations. In this paper, sock is regarded porous medium. Crevice pressure, effect of permeation and SD effect are considered. The elastic and plastic stresses around the wellbore sock were analysed according to MVM failure criterion. Distribution of stress and displacement was obtained, which can provide theory reference for the wellbore stability.

scholarly journals AREAL SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF ACID-FRACTURES IN CARBONATE ROCKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigues Valdo Ferreira ◽  
Victor Rodolfo Araujo ◽  
Campos Wellington ◽  
Ana Catarina da Rocha Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Fracture Conductivity ◽  
Surface Parameters ◽  
Fracture Width ◽  
3D Surface

Fracture surface characteristics have significant effect on fracture hydraulic conductivity. The available acid-fracture conductivity correlations do notconsider surface characteristics or make an incipient use of it. A proper description of the acid-fracture surfaces is the initial step towards the right consideration of surface roughness in hydraulic conductivity. This paper presents an areal (3D) surface evaluation of acid-etched fractures, simulated in samples taken from whole cores of an oil producer limestone. The topography of acid-fractured surfaces was assessed using a laser profilometer. The surfaces were evaluated with a set of 3D surface parameters. The results showed that the main features of acid-etched surfaces are large roughness, negative skewness, high kurtosis, and intermediate isotropy, mostly random, but with some spatial orientation. The acid-fractured surfaces can be represented by the rms height, which showed great linear correlation with most of the surface parameters. The parameters texture aspect ratio, bearing index, valley retention index, and density of summits showed low correlation with rms height. A method to calculate fracture width from surface topography was developed. An attempt to explain abnormal behavior in initial conductivity tests revealed the potential use of surface characterization for management of fine particles in oil and gas reservoirs. It is suggested to search improved fracture conductivity correlation through the relationship between lab measured conductivities and surface characterization parameters.

Analytical Evaluation of Nanoparticle Application To Mitigate Fines Migration in Porous Media

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 2317-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo ◽  
Da Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Analytic Solution ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Fines Migration ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration ◽  
Grain Surface ◽  
Maximum Retention

Summary This paper examines an application of the method of characteristics (MOC) to evaluate the effectiveness of nanoparticles to mitigate fines migration in porous media. The positive contribution of nanoparticles to mitigate fines migration was characterized by the increase of maximum retention concentration of fines particles on rock grains through two reactions described in this paper: (1) adsorption of nanoparticles onto the fines/grain surface and (2) increased retention of fines attachment on the pore surface by means of reducing the surface potential between grains and fines. We develop semianalytic MOC solutions for two different scenarios of nanoparticle application to control fines migration: (1) coinjection of nanoparticles with fines suspension into 1D permeable medium and (2) precoating porous medium with nanoparticles before fines injection to evaluate the enhanced capability of porous medium to capture unsettled fines by success of nanoparticle application. A nanoparticle adsorption front, a suspended fines front, and an attached fines front occur in our analytic solution, depending on conditions. The mitigation index (MI) is introduced to evaluate the success of nanoparticles to control fines migration. In addition, the proposed approach provides a fast and reliable method to optimize nanoparticles treatment (nanoparticles concentration and the required amount) to control fines migration. Through quantitative comparison of effluent history and concentration-profile plots, we verify the accuracy of the analytical solutions with both numerical simulations and experimental results. In practice, our analytical approach provides valuable insights into how nanoparticle application can help reduce fines migration in reservoirs suffering from fines-migration problems.

Entrainment and Deposition of Fine Particles in Porous Media

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gruesbeck ◽  
R.E. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Porous Solids ◽  
Deep Bed Filtration ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pore Size Distributions

Abstract Entrainment and redeposition of naturally occurring fine particles in porous media has been suggested as a mechanism leading to abnormal decline in productivity mechanism leading to abnormal decline in productivity of producing wells. This paper describes the results of studies conducted to determine factors affecting this phenomenon. Experimental work done as part of this study provides the basis for a proposed phenomenological theory of entrainment and deposition. The central concept of this theory is representation of both particle and pore size distributions by partitioning the porous medium at any cross section into parallel plugging and nonplugging pathways. This simple model appears to be completely adequate for describing a broad class of filtration and entrainment phenomena. We have shown that fines entrainment and deposition are mechanisms that can cause abnormal productivity decline and are phenomena restricted to the near-wellbore region. Introduction There is considerable evidence indicating that the excessive decline in productivity observed in many producing oil and gas wells results from a reduction in permeability near the wellbore arising from an accumulation of fines - i.e., small solid particles of sand and/or clay - which have become entrained in the flowing fluids and transported through the porous formation toward the well.1–4 This phenomenon, in some respects, is analogous to the process of deep-bed filtration, which is often employed in processing industries to remove suspended solids from fluids. In recent years, considerable literature has appeared on this subject. Muecke1 has studied the fines problem and discovered several important facts pertinent to fundamental understanding of the fines movement phenomenon. A major finding is that all natural porous materials contain particles that are classified as fines. This is demonstrated in microscopic photographs of a wide variety of granular materials. Another important finding is that in the undisturbed state these fines uniformly cover the interstitial solid surface, but when the fluid saturating the pores is set in motion these fines are entrained and subsequently are redeposited at preferred accumulation sites creating obstructions in the pores. If the pore-filling fluid is not homogeneous, but instead is composed of oil and water, for example, the fines tend to be entrained in one or the other fluid, depending on their wettability, and fines of mixed wettability accumulate in the oil/water interface. Other literature devoted to deep-bed filtration has contributed some understanding of the influence of such factors as particle size, fluid velocity, and physical properties of fluids and porous solids on the process.5–12 However, none of the studies reported in the literature provide an adequate basis for the design of a remedial treatment for wells of reduced productivity caused by fines accumulation. To determine where fines are entrained and deposited in the formation, local laws of deposition and entrainment must be known. Such knowledge could provide a basis for design of remedial treatments. The determination of such local laws was the objective of the research reported here. Outline of Research Program Our study of this problem consisted of (1) a sequence of experiments using synthetic fines/porous-media systems to identify fundamental processes and to provide guidelines for a phenomenological description, (2) construction of a theoretical description of the deposition and entrainment process, and (3) controlled laboratory experiments using field cores and naturally occurring fines to verify results of the earlier studies.

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