scholarly journals Charge Transfer and Biocompatibility Aspects in Conducting Polymer-Based Enzymatic Biosensors and Biofuel Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simonas Ramanavicius ◽  
Arunas Ramanavicius
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes ◽  
Via Holes ◽  
Enzymatic Biosensors ◽  
Significant Attention

Charge transfer (CT) is a very important issue in the design of biosensors and biofuel cells. Some nanomaterials can be applied to facilitate the CT in these bioelectronics-based devices. In this review, we overview some CT mechanisms and/or pathways that are the most frequently established between redox enzymes and electrodes. Facilitation of indirect CT by the application of some nanomaterials is frequently applied in electrochemical enzymatic biosensors and biofuel cells. More sophisticated and still rather rarely observed is direct charge transfer (DCT), which is often addressed as direct electron transfer (DET), therefore, DCT/DET is also targeted and discussed in this review. The application of conducting polymers (CPs) for the immobilization of enzymes and facilitation of charge transfer during the design of biosensors and biofuel cells are overviewed. Significant attention is paid to various ways of synthesis and application of conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Some DCT/DET mechanisms in CP-based sensors and biosensors are discussed, taking into account that not only charge transfer via electrons, but also charge transfer via holes can play a crucial role in the design of bioelectronics-based devices. Biocompatibility aspects of CPs, which provides important advantages essential for implantable bioelectronics, are discussed.

Biomedical Perspectives of Polyaniline Based Biosensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
pp. 173-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Al-Ahmed ◽  
Haitham M. Bahaidarah ◽  
Mohammad A. Jafar Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Electrically Conducting Polymers ◽  
Significant Attention

Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) are finding applications in various fields of science owing to their fascinating characteristic properties such as binding molecules, tuning their properties, direct communication to produce a range of analytical signals and new analytical applications. Polyaniline (PANI) is one such ECP that has been extensively used and investigated over the last decade for direct electron transfer leading towards fabrication of mediator-less biosensors. In this review article, significant attention has been paid to the various polymerization techniques of polyaniline as a transducer material, and their use in enzymes/biomolecules immobilization methods to study their bio-catalytic properties as a biosensor for potential biomedical applications.

scholarly journals From Microorganism-Based Amperometric Biosensors Towards Microbial Fuel Cells

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2442
Author(s):  
Eivydas Andriukonis ◽  
Raimonda Celiesiute-Germaniene ◽  
Simonas Ramanavicius ◽  
Roman Viter ◽  
Arunas Ramanavicius
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Amperometric Biosensors ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Microbial Biofuel

This review focuses on the overview of microbial amperometric biosensors and microbial biofuel cells (MFC) and shows how very similar principles are applied for the design of both types of these bioelectronics-based devices. Most microorganism-based amperometric biosensors show poor specificity, but this drawback can be exploited in the design of microbial biofuel cells because this enables them to consume wider range of chemical fuels. The efficiency of the charge transfer is among the most challenging and critical issues during the development of any kind of biofuel cell. In most cases, particular redox mediators and nanomaterials are applied for the facilitation of charge transfer from applied biomaterials towards biofuel cell electrodes. Some improvements in charge transfer efficiency can be achieved by the application of conducting polymers (CPs), which can be used for the immobilization of enzymes and in some particular cases even for the facilitation of charge transfer. In this review, charge transfer pathways and mechanisms, which are suitable for the design of biosensors and in biofuel cells, are discussed. Modification methods of the cell-wall/membrane by conducting polymers in order to enhance charge transfer efficiency of microorganisms, which can be potentially applied in the design of microbial biofuel cells, are outlined. The biocompatibility-related aspects of conducting polymers with microorganisms are summarized.

scholarly journals Nanocatalysts Containing Direct Electron Transfer-Capable Oxidoreductases: Recent Advances and Applications

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalius Ratautas ◽  
Marius Dagys
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Electron Mediator ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Nanoparticle Catalysts ◽  
Nanoparticle Surface

Direct electron transfer (DET)-capable oxidoreductases are enzymes that have the ability to transfer/receive electrons directly to/from solid surfaces or nanomaterials, bypassing the need for an additional electron mediator. More than 100 enzymes are known to be capable of working in DET conditions; however, to this day, DET-capable enzymes have been mainly used in designing biofuel cells and biosensors. The rapid advance in (semi) conductive nanomaterial development provided new possibilities to create enzyme-nanoparticle catalysts utilizing properties of DET-capable enzymes and demonstrating catalytic processes never observed before. Briefly, such nanocatalysts combine several cathodic and anodic catalysis performing oxidoreductases into a single nanoparticle surface. Hereby, to the best of our knowledge, we present the first review concerning such nanocatalytic systems involving DET-capable oxidoreductases. We outlook the contemporary applications of DET-capable enzymes, present a principle of operation of nanocatalysts based on DET-capable oxidoreductases, provide a review of state-of-the-art (nano) catalytic systems that have been demonstrated using DET-capable oxidoreductases, and highlight common strategies and challenges that are usually associated with those type catalytic systems. Finally, we end this paper with the concluding discussion, where we present future perspectives and possible research directions.

scholarly journals Rational Surface Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials for Improved Direct Electron Transfer-Type Bioelectrocatalysis of Redox Enzymes

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Hongqi Xia ◽  
Jiwu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Rational Surface ◽  
Interfacial Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Oriented Immobilization

Interfacial electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrodes is a key step for enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis in various bioelectrochemical devices. Although the use of carbon nanomaterials enables an increasing number of redox enzymes to carry out bioelectrocatalysis involving direct electron transfer (DET), the role of carbon nanomaterials in interfacial electron transfer remains unclear. Based on the recent progress reported in the literature, in this mini review, the significance of carbon nanomaterials on DET-type bioelectrocatalysis is discussed. Strategies for the oriented immobilization of redox enzymes in rationally modified carbon nanomaterials are also summarized and discussed. Furthermore, techniques to probe redox enzymes in carbon nanomaterials are introduced.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bollella ◽  
Evgeny Katz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry.

Direct electron transfer-type dual gas diffusion H2/O2biofuel cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (22) ◽  
pp. 8742-8749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisei So ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Koji Nishikawa ◽  
Yoshiki Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Multicopper Oxidases ◽  
Power Devices

H2/O2biofuel cells utilizing hydrogenases and multicopper oxidases as bioelectrocatalysts are clean, sustainable, and environmentally friendly power devices.

Direct electron transfer-based bioanodes for ethanol biofuel cells using PQQ-dependent alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Aquino Neto ◽  
Emily L. Suda ◽  
Shuai Xu ◽  
Matthew T. Meredith ◽  
Adalgisa R. De Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenases

Gold-Coated M13 Bacteriophage as a Template for Glucose Oxidase Biofuel Cells with Direct Electron Transfer

ACS Nano ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita A. Blaik ◽  
Esther Lan ◽  
Yu Huang ◽  
Bruce Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Biofuel Cells ◽  
M13 Bacteriophage

scholarly journals Direct Electron Transfer-Type Bioelectrocatalysis of Redox Enzymes at Nanostructured Electrodes

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Adachi ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Kenji Kano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Type Reaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Catalytic Functions

Direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis, which couples the electrode reactions and catalytic functions of redox enzymes without any redox mediator, is one of the most intriguing subjects that has been studied over the past few decades in the field of bioelectrochemistry. In order to realize the DET-type bioelectrocatalysis and improve the performance, nanostructures of the electrode surface have to be carefully tuned for each enzyme. In addition, enzymes can also be tuned by the protein engineering approach for the DET-type reaction. This review summarizes the recent progresses in this field of the research while considering the importance of nanostructure of electrodes as well as redox enzymes. This review also describes the basic concepts and theoretical aspects of DET-type bioelectrocatalysis, the significance of nanostructures as scaffolds for DET-type reactions, protein engineering approaches for DET-type reactions, and concepts and facts of bidirectional DET-type reactions from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint.

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