scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Cellulose Nanomaterials by Inhalation: Current State of Science

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Ede ◽  
Kimberly Ong ◽  
Michael Goergen ◽  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Cassidy Pomeroy-Carter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are emerging advanced materials with many unique properties and growing commercial significance. A life-cycle risk assessment and environmental health and safety roadmap identified potential risks from inhalation of powdered CNs in the workplace as a key gap in our understanding of safety and recommended addressing this data gap to advance the safe and successful commercialization of these materials. Here, we (i) summarize the currently available published literature for its contribution to our current understanding of CN inhalation hazard and (ii) evaluate the quality of the studies for risk assessment purposes using published study evaluation tools for nanomaterials to assess the weight of evidence provided. Our analysis found that the quality of the available studies is generally inadequate for risk assessment purposes but is improving over time. There have been some advances in knowledge about the effects of short-term inhalation exposures of CN. The most recent in vivo studies suggest that short-term exposure to CNs results in transient inflammation, similarly to other poorly soluble, low toxicity dusts such as conventional cellulose, but is markedly different from fibers with known toxicity such as certain types of multiwalled carbon nanotubes or asbestos. However, several data gaps remain, and there is still a lack of understanding of the effects from long-term, low-dose exposures that represent realistic workplace conditions, essential for a quantitative assessment of potential health risk. Therefore, taking precautions when handling dry forms of CNs to avoid dust inhalation exposure is warranted.

EVIDENCE from in VITRO and IN VIVO studies on the potential health REPERCUSSIONS of MICRO- and nanoplastics

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130826
Author(s):  
Anabel González-Acedo ◽  
Enrique García-Recio ◽  
Rebeca Illescas-Montes ◽  
Javier Ramos-Torrecillas ◽  
Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Potential Health

Preventing chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression by repurposing the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (402) ◽  
pp. eaam8060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Taylor ◽  
Johanna M. Duyvestyn ◽  
Samantha A. Dagger ◽  
Emma J. Dishington ◽  
Catherine A. Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Multipotent Progenitors ◽  
Flt3 Inhibitor ◽  
Short Term Exposure

We describe an approach to inhibit chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. We found that short-term exposure of mice to the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib induced the transient quiescence of multipotent progenitors (MPPs). This property of quizartinib conferred marked protection to MPPs in mice receiving fluorouracil or gemcitabine. The protection resulted in the rapid recovery of bone marrow and blood cellularity, thus preventing otherwise lethal myelosuppression. A treatment strategy involving quizartinib priming that protected wild-type bone marrow progenitors, but not leukemic cells, from fluorouracil provided a more effective treatment than conventional induction therapy in mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia. This strategy has the potential to be extended for use in other cancers where FLT3 inhibition does not adversely affect the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Thus, the addition of quizartinib to cancer treatment regimens could markedly improve cancer patient survival and quality of life.

Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Pomegranate: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 1817-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vučić ◽  
Milkica Grabež ◽  
Armen Trchounian ◽  
Aleksandra Arsić
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Background:: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed and used as preventive and therapeutic agents since ancient times. Pomegranate is a rich source of a variety of phytochemicals, which are responsible for its strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential. Objective:: The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of chemical structure and potential health benefits of pomegranate. Method: : A comprehensive search of available literature. Results:: The review of the literature confirms that juice and extracts obtained from different parts of this plant, including fruit peel, seeds, and leaves exert health benefits in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimicrobial and anti-tumour effects of pomegranate fruit are of particular scientific and clinical interest. Conclusion:: Further investigations are required to clarify the mechanism of action of the bioactive ingredients and to reveal full potential of pomegranate as both preventive and therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Exposure to High Particulate Levels on Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Healthy Tourists: A Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuhei Sato ◽  
Peijun Gui ◽  
Kumiko Ito ◽  
Masahiro Kohzuki ◽  
Satoru Ebihara
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cough Reflex ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Related Quality

Background: Previous studies have reported a relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory symptoms or decline in lung function, but information about acute effects of short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) on cough and pulmonary function is scarce. Objective: To investigate the effect of short-term exposure to high concentrations of PM on the cough reflex threshold, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life in a group of healthy non-resident volunteers visiting Beijing, China. Methods: Seventeen healthy residents of Sendai, Japan, who planned to attend a meeting in Beijing, were recruited. We checked local air quality and measured cough reflex thresholds, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire-acute (LCQ-acute) scores in the volunteers before, during, and after their trip to Beijing. Results: The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Beijing were significantly higher than those in Japan on the measurement days. Cough reflex thresholds, expressed as nebulized citric acid concentrations required to induce ≥ 2 and ≥ 5 coughs, were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before or after the visit. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before the trip. Similarly, the urge-to-cough threshold was significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than after the trip, as was the total LCQ-acute score. Conclusion: We tentatively concluded that short-term exposure to high PM concentrations may have adverse effects on cough reflex and urge-to-cough thresholds, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life.

scholarly journals The Biological Safety of Condom Material Can Be Determined Using anIn VitroCell Culture System

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Motsoane ◽  
E. Pretorius ◽  
M. J. Bester ◽  
P. J. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Latex Gloves ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Medical Materials ◽  
Hiv Aids

Latex products have long been recognized as a cause of latex protein allergy. The increased usage of latex gloves, with the consequent increased occurrence of latex allergies appears to have escalated with increasing awareness of the transmission of HIV–AIDS and other infections. The use of condoms as a means to prevent the transmission of STD's (sexually transmitted diseases) and HIV–AIDS has been widely promoted. Although extensive testing is done to evaluate the physical quality of condoms, no information is available regarding the biological safety of condoms. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of short‐term exposure to physiological levels of condom surface material on cell viability (MTT assay) and cell growth (crystal violet assay). A direct contact cell culture testing method (FDA test method F813‐83 used to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of medical materials and devices) was used. The modified test method was found to be a sensitive test system for the evaluation of the biological safety of condoms. This study reveals the importance of evaluating the biological safety of all condoms that are commercially available, because of the potential health risk that may be associated with prolonged use of certain types of condoms.

Dietary protection by iron against clastogenic effects of short-term exposure to arsenic in mice in vivo

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Poddar ◽  
P Mukherjee ◽  
G Talukder ◽  
A Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

scholarly journals An Overview of the U.S. EPA Proposed Amendments to the Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A. Kimmel ◽  
Gary L. Kimmel ◽  
Elaine Z. Francis ◽  
Laurence D. Chitlik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
New Information ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently proposed amendments to the Guidelines for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental Toxicants. These amendments expand and clarify points made in the original guidelines, and add new information based on advances in the field. For example, the original risk assessment guidance was developed around several basic assumptions that were implicit in the earlier document, but that are clearly stated in the proposed amendments. Also, several consensus workshops were held following the completion of the 1986 guidelines, and the conclusions of these workshops have been incorporated. These include workshops dealing with the relationship of maternal and developmental toxicity, and with the development of an approach for a weight-of-evidence classification. In addition, a reference dose for developmental toxicity (RfDT) is proposed, based on short-term exposure, to distinguish it from the Rf D for chronic exposure. Other proposed changes include the expansion of the functional developmental toxicity section to reflect the Agency's testing guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity, and the human studies section which now gives more guidance on the use of human data in risk assessment. A number of other minor proposed changes are discussed. The final amended guidelines are currently undergoing Agency review and should be completed within the next year.

Self-Expandable Thin Film Nitinol Endografts for Vascular Repair: Manufacturing and Short-Term Results in Swine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngjae Chun ◽  
Daniel S. Levi ◽  
K. P. Mohanchandra ◽  
Gregory P. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Sputter Deposition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Vascular Repair ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Mems Technology

A thin film nitinol covered endograft for vessel treatment was manufactured and in vivo swine testing was performed. Thin film nitinol graft material was fabricated by DC sputter deposition and stress-strain behavior and DSC characteristics were investigated. Micro size patterns were fabricated by MEMS technology in order to promote endothelial layer growth. In-vivo studies in swine were conducted to evaluate deployment, placement and patency of the implanted stent device.

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