scholarly journals The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Health and the Gut Microbiota Cannot Be Extrapolated from One Population to Others

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Garcia-Mazcorro ◽  
Giuliana Noratto ◽  
Jose Remes-Troche
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biomedical Community ◽  
Improve Health

Gluten-related disorders (GRD) affect millions of people worldwide and have been related to the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. These disorders present differently in each patient and the only treatment available is a strict life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). Several studies have investigated the effect of a GFD on the gut microbiota of patients afflicted with GRD as well as healthy people. The purpose of this review is to persuade the biomedical community to think that, while useful, the results from the effect of GFD on health and the gut microbiota cannot be extrapolated from one population to others. This argument is primarily based on the highly individualized pattern of gut microbial composition and metabolic activity in each person, the variability of the gut microbiota over time and the plethora of factors associated with this variation. In addition, there is wide variation in the composition, economic viability, and possible deleterious effects to health among different GFD, both within and among countries. Overall, this paper encourages the conception of more collaborative efforts to study local populations in an effort to reach biologically and medically useful conclusions that truly contribute to improve health in patients afflicted with GRD.

scholarly journals Probiotics in Celiac Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristofori ◽  
Flavia Indrio ◽  
Vito Miniello ◽  
Maria De Angelis ◽  
Ruggiero Francavilla
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Host Protection

Recently, the interest in the human microbiome and its interplay with the host has exploded and provided new insights on its role in conferring host protection and regulating host physiology, including the correct development of immunity. However, in the presence of microbial imbalance and particular genetic settings, the microbiome may contribute to the dysfunction of host metabolism and physiology, leading to pathogenesis and/or the progression of several diseases. Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. Despite ascertaining that gluten is the trigger in CD, evidence has indicated that intestinal microbiota is somehow involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical presentation of CD. Indeed, several studies have reported imbalances in the intestinal microbiota of patients with CD that are mainly characterized by an increased abundance of Bacteroides spp. and a decrease in Bifidobacterium spp. The evidence that some of these microbial imbalances still persist in spite of a strict gluten-free diet and that celiac patients suffering from persistent gastrointestinal symptoms have a desert gut microbiota composition further support its close link with CD. All of this evidence gives rise to the hypothesis that probiotics might play a role in this condition. In this review, we describe the recent scientific evidences linking the gut microbiota in CD, starting from the possible role of microbes in CD pathogenesis, the attempt to define a microbial signature of disease, the effect of a gluten-free diet and host genetic assets regarding microbial composition to end in the exploration of the proof of concept of probiotic use in animal models to the most recent clinical application of selected probiotic strains.

scholarly journals The metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and the impact of gluten free diet in children with coeliac disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (OCE1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Makinder ◽  
M. Kassara ◽  
A. Karanikolou ◽  
O. Biskou ◽  
E. Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
The Impact

Factors associated with non adherence to a gluten free diet in adult with celiac disease: A survey assessed by BIAGI score

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelnik Yovel Dana ◽  
Berezovsky lena ◽  
Richter Vered ◽  
Shirin Haim ◽  
Broide Efrat
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Factors Associated

Su1166 Prevalence and Factors Associated With Celiac Disease and a Gluten-Free Diet in the United States Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S484-S485
Author(s):  
Aynur Unalp-Arida ◽  
Constance E. Ruhl ◽  
Rok Seon Choung ◽  
Tricia Brantner ◽  
Joseph A. Murray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
United States Population

scholarly journals Effects of a gluten-free diet on gut microbiota and immune function in healthy adult human subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada De Palma ◽  
Inmaculada Nadal ◽  
Maria Carmen Collado ◽  
Yolanda Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Faecal Samples

Diet influences the composition of the gut microbiota and host's health, particularly in patients suffering from food-related diseases. Coeliac disease (CD) is a permanent intolerance to cereal gluten proteins and the only therapy for the patients is to adhere to a life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). In the present preliminary study, the effects of a GFD on the composition and immune function of the gut microbiota were analysed in ten healthy subjects (mean age 30·3 years) over 1 month. Faecal microbiota was analysed by fluorescencein situhybridisation (FISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The ability of faecal bacteria to stimulate cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by ELISA. No significant differences in dietary intake were found before and after the GFD except for reductions (P = 0·001) in polysaccharides.Bifidobacterium,Clostridium lituseburenseandFaecalibacterium prausnitziiproportions decreased (P = 0·007,P = 0·031 andP = 0·009, respectively) as a result of the GFD analysed by FISH.Bifidobacterium,LactobacillusandBifidobacterium longumcounts decreased (P = 0·020,P = 0·001 andP = 0·017, respectively), whileEnterobacteriaceaeandEscherichia colicounts increased (P = 0·005 andP = 0·003) after the GFD assessed by qPCR. TNF-α, interferon-γ, IL-10 and IL-8 production by PBMC stimulated with faecal samples was also reduced (P = 0·021,P = 0·037,P = 0·002 andP = 0·007, respectively) after the diet. Therefore, the GFD led to reductions in beneficial gut bacteria populations and the ability of faecal samples to stimulate the host's immunity. Thus, the GFD may constitute an environmental variable to be considered in treated CD patients for its possible effects on gut health.

scholarly journals Factors associated with villus atrophy in symptomatic coeliac disease patients on a gluten-free diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mahadev ◽  
J. A. Murray ◽  
T.-T. Wu ◽  
V. S. Chandan ◽  
M. S. Torbenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Villus Atrophy

scholarly journals Comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota of a healthy population and covariates affecting microbial variation in two large Japanese cohorts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonguk Park ◽  
Kumiko Kato ◽  
Haruka Murakami ◽  
Koji Hosomi ◽  
Kumpei Tanisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Inter-individual variations in gut microbiota composition are observed even among healthy populations. The gut microbiota may exhibit a unique composition depending on the country of origin and race of individuals. To comprehensively understand the link between healthy gut microbiota and host state, it is beneficial to conduct large-scale cohort studies. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota composition within the Japanese population by 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples and questionnaire-based covariate analysis. Results A total of 1596 healthy Japanese individuals participated in this study via two independent cohorts, NIBIOHN cohort (n = 954) and MORINAGA cohort (n = 642). Gut microbiota composition was described and the interaction of these microorganisms with metadata parameters such as anthropometric measurements, bowel habits, medical history, and lifestyle were obtained. Thirteen genera, including Alistipes, Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Eubacterium halli group, Faecalibacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Prevotella_9, Roseburia, and Subdoligranulum were predominant among the two cohorts. On the basis of univariate analysis for overall microbiome variation, 18 matching variables exhibited significant association in both cohorts. A stepwise redundancy analysis revealed that there were four common covariates, Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores, gender, age, and defecation frequency, displaying non-redundant association with gut microbial variance. Conclusions We conducted a comprehensive analysis of gut microbiota in healthy Japanese individuals, based on two independent cohorts, and obtained reliable evidence that questionnaire-based covariates such as frequency of bowel movement and specific dietary habit affects the microbial composition of the gut. To our knowledge, this was the first study to investigate integrated and non-redundant factors associated with gut microbiota among Japanese populations.

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