scholarly journals Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Components of Body Composition and Glucose Metabolism in Older Men and Women

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svea-Vivica Mathieu ◽  
Karina Fischer ◽  
Bess Dawson-Hughes ◽  
Gregor Freystaetter ◽  
Felix Beuschlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Obesity and sarcopenia are major causes of morbidity and mortality among seniors. Vitamin D deficiency is very common especially among seniors and has been associated with both muscle health and obesity. This study investigated if 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status is associated with body composition and insulin resistance using baseline data of a completed RCT among relatively healthy community-dwelling seniors (271 seniors age 60+ years undergoing elective surgery for unilateral total knee replacement due to osteoarthritis). Cross-sectional analysis compared appendicular lean mass index (ALMI: lean mass kg/height m2) and fat mass index (FMI: fat mass kg/height m2) assessed by DXA and insulin resistance between quartiles of serum 25(OH)D concentration using multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). Participants in the lowest serum 25(OH)D quartile (4.7–17.5 ng/mL) had a higher fat mass (9.3 kg/m2) compared with participants in the third (8.40 kg/m2; Q3 = 26.1–34.8 ng/mL) and highest (8.37 kg/m2; Q4 = 34.9–62.5 ng/mL) quartile (poverall = 0.03). Higher serum 25(OH)D quartile status was associated with higher insulin sensitivity (poverall = 0.03) and better beta cell function (p = 0.004). Prevalence of insulin resistance tended to be higher in the second compared with the highest serum 25(OH)D quartile (14.6% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.06). Our findings suggest that lower serum 25(OH)D status may be associated with greater fat mass and impaired glucose metabolism, independent of BMI and other risk factors for diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with insulin resistance and β-cell function in a healthy Chinese female population

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-fang Tao ◽  
Zeng Zhang ◽  
Yao-hua Ke ◽  
Jin-wei He ◽  
Wen-zhen Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Healthy Chinese

scholarly journals Effects of Portabella mushrooms on collagen-induced arthritis, inflammatory cytokines, and body composition in dilute brown non-agouti (DBA1) mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Sandra Peterson ◽  
Edralin A. Lucas ◽  
Djibril Traore ◽  
Lawrance Christopher ◽  
Christine French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Tnf Α

Background: Exotic mushrooms have long been used in Asia for treatment and/or prevention of chronic diseases due to their immunomodulatory properties. However, the health benefits of portabella mushrooms (PM) (brown Agaricus bisporous), on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and associated complications, (i.e. loss of lean mass, increased fat mass and inflammatory cytokines), have not been previously investigated.Methods: We investigated CIA pathogenesis, body composition and plasma levels of IL- 6, TNF-α and sICAM1 in DBA1 female mice fed either the AIN76 diet or the same diet fortified with 5% lyophilized PM (n=19-20/group). Ten mice/group were immunized with 100 µg bovine collagen type II on day 42 of the protocol, followed by 50 µg lipopolysaccharides on day 62, and euthanized on day 73-74. Cytokines were measured by ELISA.Results: Compared to baseline diet, PM had: no protective effect from CIA since all collagen-immunized mice developed severe edema, bone erosion, and mononuclear cell infiltration in paws. In mice with and those without CIA, feeding a PM-fortified diet resulted in higher percent of body fat than feeding the baseline diet (p<0.05). After CIA induction, PM provided the following beneficial effects: (a) a smaller reduction in lean mass and absolute thymus weight; (b) a higher fat mass loss; and (c) lower plasma TNF-α levels (p <0.05). PM-fortification did not alter plasma IL-6 and sICAM1 regardless of CIA status; but it increased in vitro IL-6 secretion by mitogen-treated spleen cells.Conclusion: Our data suggest that PM may reduce plasma TNF-α, attenuate lean mass loss and thymus atrophy associated with arthritis, and protect spleen cell function assessed by IL-6 secretion. However, PM-fortification did not attenuate overall CIA pathogenesis which may be due to lack of effect on plasma IL-6. Decreased TNF-α without alterations in IL-6 may reduce the risk of other conditions associated with chronic inflammation such as cardiovascular disease.Key words: portabella mushrooms, inflammatory cytokines, collagen-induced arthritis, body composition, TNF-α, IL-6, thymus, DBA1 mice.

The Relationship Between Body Composition, Glucose Metabolism, and Subtypes of Depressive Symptoms – Findings From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia D. Eriksson ◽  
Johan G. Eriksson ◽  
Päivi Korhonen ◽  
Minna K. Salonen ◽  
Tuija M. Mikkola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Fat Mass Index

Abstract Background There is an existing link between two of the most common diseases, obesity and depression. These are both of great public health concern, but little is known about the relationships between the subtypes of these conditions. We hypothesized that non-melancholic depressive symptoms have a stronger relationship with both body composition (lean mass and fat mass) and dysfunctional glucose metabolism than melancholic depression. Methods For this cross-sectional study 1 510 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study had their body composition evaluated as lean mass and fat mass (Lean Mass Index + Fat Mass Index = Body Mass Index). Participants were evaluated for depressive symptoms utilizing the Beck Depression Inventory, and had laboratory assessments including an oral glucose tolerance test. Results Higher than average Fat Mass Index (kg/m2) was associated with a higher percentage of participants scoring in the depressive range of the Beck Depression Inventory (p=0.048). Higher Fat Mass Index was associated with a higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms (OR per 1-SD Fat Mass Index=1.37, 95% CI: 1.13-1.65), whereas higher Lean Mass Index (kg/m2) was associated with a lower likelihood of having depressive symptoms (OR per 1-SD Lean Mass Index=0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.91). Participants with an above average Fat Mass Index more frequently had non-melancholic depressive symptoms (p=0.008) regardless of Lean Mass Index levels (p=0.38). There was no difference between the body composition groups in the likelihood of having melancholic depressive symptoms (Fat Mass Index p=0.83, Lean Mass Index p=0.93). The non-melancholic group had higher Fat Mass Index than either of the other groups (p<0.001), and a higher 2-hour glucose concentration than the non-depressed group (p=0.005). Conclusion As hypothesized, non-melancholic depressive symptoms are most closely related to high fat mass index and dysfunctional glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, liver-related biomarkers, and distribution of fat and lean mass in young patients with Fontan circulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lena Hansson ◽  
Camilla Sandberg ◽  
Inger Öhlund ◽  
Torbjörn Lind ◽  
Magne Sthen Bergdahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Fontan Patients

Abstract Introduction/aim: Young patients with Fontan circulation may have low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, an affected liver, and unhealthy body compositions. This study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D intake/levels, liver biomarkers, and body composition in young Fontan patients. Method: We collected prospective data in 2017 to 2018, obtained with food-frequency questionnaires, biochemical analyses of liver biomarkers, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans in 44 children with Fontan circulation. Body compositions were compared to matched controls (n = 38). Linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations of biomarkers, leg pain, and lean mass on serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Biomarkers were converted to z scores and differences were evaluated within the Fontan patients. Results: Our Fontan patients had a daily mean vitamin D intake of 9.9 µg and a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 56 nmol/L. These factors were not associated with fat or lean mass, leg pain, or biomarkers of liver status. The Fontan patients had significantly less lean mass, but higher fat mass than controls. Male adolescents with Fontan circulation had a greater mean abdominal fat mass than male controls and higher cholesterol levels than females with Fontan circulation. Conclusion: Vitamin D intake and serum levels were not associated with body composition or liver biomarkers in the Fontan group, but the Fontan group had lower lean mass and higher fat mass than controls. The more pronounced abdominal fat mass in male adolescents with Fontan circulation might increase metabolic risks later in life.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Subjects with Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes - The Tromsø OGTT-Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira S. Hutchinson ◽  
Yngve Figenschau ◽  
Bjørg Almås ◽  
Inger Njølstad ◽  
Rolf Jorde
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The relationships between vitamin D concentrations, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance remain uncertain. During 2008 - 2010, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 3520 subjects from Tromsø, Norway. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in 1193 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, in 304 with isolated impaired fasting glucose, in 254 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance, in 139 with a combination of the two, and in 194 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Serum 25(OH)D did not differ between subjects with isolated impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, but was lower in all groups of deranged glucose metabolism as compared with normal subjects. These differences could not be explained by differences in intakes of vitamin D from cod liver oil or other supplements and remained statistically significant after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, physical activity score, and month of examination. When the cohort was divided according to serum 25(OH)D quartiles, there was an improvement in all measures of glucose metabolism (fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c) and estimates of insulin resistance (QUICKI , HOMA-IR, ISI0.120) with increasing serum 25(OH)D quartile. However, interventional studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between vitamin D and glucose metabolism.

The Association Between Body Composition, 25(OH)D, and PTH and Bone Mineral Density in Black African and Asian Indian Population Groups

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 2146-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya A. George ◽  
L. K. Micklesfield ◽  
S. A. Norris ◽  
N. J. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Black African ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Context and Objective: There are few data on the contribution of body composition to bone mineral density (BMD) in non-Caucasian populations. We therefore studied the contribution of body composition, and possible confounding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and PTH, to BMD at various skeletal sites in black African (BA) and Asian Indian (AI) subjects. Design and Setting: This was a cross-sectional study in Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants: BMD, body fat, and lean mass were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal fat distribution by ultrasound in 714 healthy subjects, aged 18–65 years. Results: Whole-body (subtotal), hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine (lumbar) BMD were significantly higher in BA than AI subjects (P &lt; .001 for all). Whole-body lean mass positively associated with BMD at all sites in both ethnic groups (P &lt; .001 for all) and partially explained the higher BMD in BA females compared with AI females. Whole-body fat mass correlated positively with lumbar BMD in BA (P = .001) and inversely with subtotal BMD in AI subjects (P &lt; .0001). Visceral adiposity correlated inversely with subtotal BMD in the BA (P = .037) and with lumbar BMD in the AI group (P = .005). No association was found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and BMD. PTH was inversely associated with hip BMD in the BA group (P = .01) and with subtotal (P = .002), hip (P = .001), and femoral BMD (P &lt; .0001) in the AI group. Conclusions: Significant differences in whole-body and site-specific BMD between the BA and AI groups were observed, with lean mass the major contributor to BMD at all sites in both groups. The contribution of other components of body composition differed by site and ethnic group.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in transgender individuals correlates with android fat mass

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882098568
Author(s):  
Ingrid Bretherton ◽  
Cassandra Spanos ◽  
Shalem Y. Leemaqz ◽  
Gehan Premaratne ◽  
Mathis Grossmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Trans Men ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Trans Women

Background: Transgender individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This may be related to effects on body composition and insulin resistance. Aims: To examine relationships between body fat distribution and insulin resistance in transgender individuals on established GAHT. Methods: Comparisons of body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and insulin resistance [Homeostasis Model of Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR)] were made between transgender individuals (43 trans men and 41 trans women) on established GAHT (>12 months) and age-matched cisgender controls (30 males and 48 females). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between HOMA2-IR and fat mass with gender, adjusting for age and total duration of GAHT and Pearson correlation coefficients are reported. Results: Compared with control cisgender women, trans men had mean difference of +7.8 kg (4.0, 11.5), p < 0.001 in lean mass and higher android:gynoid fat ratio [0.2 (0.1, 0.3), p < 0.001], but no difference in overall fat mass or insulin resistance. Compared with control cisgender men, trans women had median difference in lean mass of −6.9 kg (–10.6, –3.1), p < 0.001, fat mass of +9.8 kg (3.9, 14.5), p = 0.001, lower android:gynoid fat ratio −0.1 (–0.2,–0.0), p < 0.05), and higher insulin resistance 1.6 (1.3–1.9), p < 0.001). Higher HOMA2-IR correlated with higher android ( r2 = 0.712, p < 0.001) and gynoid ( r2 = 0.572, p < 0.001) fat mass in both trans men and trans women. Conclusion: Android fat more strongly correlates with insulin resistance than gynoid fat in transgender individuals. Higher fat mass and insulin resistance in trans women may predispose to increased cardiovascular risk. Despite adverse fat distribution, insulin resistance was not higher in trans men.

scholarly journals Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is not Associated with Insulin Resistance or Beta Cell Function in Canadian Cree

2010 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana C. Del Gobbo ◽  
Yiqing Song ◽  
David A. Dannenbaum ◽  
Eric Dewailly ◽  
Grace M. Egeland
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D
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