Evaluation of the Effect of a Growing up Milk Lite vs. Cow’s Milk on Diet Quality and Dietary Intakes in Early Childhood: The Growing up Milk Lite (GUMLi) Randomised Controlled Trial

Summary scores provide an alternative approach to measuring dietary quality. The Growing Up Milk-Lite (GUMLi) Trial was a multi-centre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial of children randomised to receive a reduced protein GUM (GUMLi) or unfortified cow’s milk (CM). In a secondary analysis of the GUMLi Trial, we used the Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake (PANDiet) to determine the nutritional adequacy of the diets of participating children living in Auckland. The PANDiet was adapted to the New Zealand Nutrient Reference Values and data from four 24 h Recalls (24HR) collected at months 7, 8, 10, and 11 post-randomisation were used. Differences between randomised groups (GUMLi vs. CM) of the PANDiet and its components were made. Eighty-three Auckland participants were included in the study (GUMLi n = 41 vs. CM n = 42). Total PANDiet scores were significantly higher in the GUMLi group (p < 0.001), indicating better overall nutrient adequacy and diet quality. Dietary intakes of children in both groups met the recommendations for fat, total carbohydrates and most micronutrients; however, protein intakes exceeded recommendations. Consumption of GUMLi was associated with higher nutritional adequacy, with an increased likelihood of meeting nutrient requirements; however, the impact of the family diet and GUMLi on dietary diversity requires further evaluation.

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Baseline Demographics Of Cow’s Milk Allergic Infants Recruited To A Randomised Controlled Trial Of Single-Dose Challenge With Cow’s Milk

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2018.12.494 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. AB162

Author(s):

Yvonne M. d'Art ◽

Aideen M. Byrne ◽

John Fitzsimons ◽

Audrey DunnGalvin ◽

Jonathan O'B. Hourihane

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Cow’s Milk Fat Obesity pRevention Trial (CoMFORT): a primary care embedded randomised controlled trial protocol to determine the effect of cow’s milk fat on child adiposity

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e035241

Author(s):

Shelley M Vanderhout ◽

Mary Aglipay ◽

Catherine Birken ◽

Patricia Li ◽

Deborah L O'Connor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Obesity Prevention ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Z Score ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Randomised Controlled

IntroductionCow’s milk is a dietary staple for children in North America. Though clinical guidelines suggest children transition from whole (3.25% fat) milk to reduced (1% or 2%) fat milk at age 2 years, recent epidemiological evidence supports a link between whole milk consumption and lower adiposity in children. The purpose of this trial is to determine which milk fat recommendation minimises excess adiposity and optimises child nutrition and growth.Methods and analysisCow’s Milk Fat Obesity pRevention Trial will be a pragmatic, superiority, parallel group randomised controlled trial involving children receiving routine healthcare aged 2 to 4–5 years who are participating in the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. Children (n=534) will be randomised to receive one of two interventions: (1) a recommendation to consume whole milk or (2) a recommendation to consume reduced (1%) fat milk. The primary outcome is adiposity measured by body mass index z-score and waist circumference z-score; secondary outcomes will be cognitive development (using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire), vitamin D stores, cardiometabolic health (glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, HDL and total cholesterol, insulin and diastolic and systolic blood pressure), sugary beverage and total energy intake (measured by 24 hours dietary recall) and cost effectiveness. Outcomes will be measured 24 months postrandomisation and compared using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for baseline measures.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from Unity Health Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children. Results will be presented locally, nationally and internationally and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings may be helpful to nutrition guidelines for children in effort to reduce childhood obesity using a simple, inexpensive and scalable cow’s milk fat intervention.Trial registration numberNCT03914807; pre-results.

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