scholarly journals Are the Motives for Food Choices Different in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Depa ◽  
Juan Barrada ◽  
María Roncero
Keyword(s):  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Main Motive ◽  
Food Choice Motives ◽  
Maladaptive Eating

Recent research points to the bidimensional nature of orthorexia, with one dimension related to interest in healthy eating (healthy orthorexia) and another dimension related to a pathological preoccupation with eating healthily (orthorexia nervosa). Research was needed to provide further support for this differentiation. We examined the food-choice motives related to both aspects of orthorexia. Participants were 460 students from a Spanish university who completed the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Food Choice Questionnaire. By means of structural equation modeling, we analyzed the relationship between orthorexia, food-choice motives, gender, body mass index, and age. The motives predicting food choices in orthorexia nervosa and healthy orthorexia were quite different. In the case of orthorexia nervosa, the main motive was weight control, with sensorial appeal and affect regulation also showing significant associations. For healthy orthorexia, the main motive was health content, with sensorial appeal and price also showing significant associations. This supports the hypothesis that orthorexia nervosa is associated with maladaptive eating behavior motived more by weight control than by health concerns.

scholarly journals A Humanities-Based Explanation for the Effects of Emotional Eating and Perceived Stress on Food Choice Motives during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Shen ◽  
Lucy M. Long ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Mary-Jon Ludy
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ritual Studies ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Food Choice Motives

Perceived stress affects emotional eating and food choices. However, the extent to which stress associates with food choice motives is not completely understood. This study assessed whether emotional eating mediates the associations between perceived stress levels and food choice motives (i.e., health, mood, convenience, natural content, price, sensory appeal, familiarities, weight control, and ethical concerns) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. A total of 800 respondents were surveyed in the United States in June 2020. Their perceived stress, emotional eating, and food choice motives were assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and Food Choice Questionnaire, respectively. Moderate to high levels of perceived stress were experienced by the majority (73.6%) of respondents. Perceived stress was significantly correlated with emotional eating (r = 0.26) as well as five out of nine food choice motives: mood (r = 0.32), convenience (r = 0.28), natural content (r = −0.14), price (r = 0.27), and familiarity (r = 0.15). Emotional eating was significantly correlated with four out of nine food choice motives: mood (r = 0.27), convenience (r = 0.23), price (r = 0.16), and familiarity (r = 0.16). The mediation analyses showed that emotional eating mediates the associations between perceived stress and five food choices motives: mood, convenience, sensory appeal, price, and familiarity. Findings were interpreted using theories and concepts from the humanities, specifically, folklore studies, ritual studies, and symbolic anthropology.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Food Choice Motives and Weight Status of Malaysian Youths during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3752
Author(s):  
Seok Tyug Tan ◽  
Chin Xuan Tan ◽  
Seok Shin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Multinomial Regression Model ◽  
Food Choice Motives

Stay-at-home orders have abruptly altered food purchasing behaviour, dietary habits, and food choice motives. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the trajectory of food choice motives and their associations with the weight status of Malaysian youths in the time of COVID-19. Socio-demographic information and anthropometric measurements were self-reported by the respondents, while the food choice motives were assessed using a validated 38-item food choice questionnaire (FCQ). Of the 1013 Malaysian youths, 48.6% gained weight due to the confinement, with an average weight gain of 3.90 ± 2.92 kg. On the other hand, 47.0% to 73.0% of the youths changed their food choice motives in the time of COVID-19. Of the 10 motives, convenience (48.5%) had the largest percentage increase, followed by weight control (47.0%) and health (45.3%). Moreover, the mean scores of health (t = −3.324, p = 0.001), convenience (t = −5.869, p < 0.001), weight control (t = −7.532, p < 0.001), natural content (t = −5.957, p < 0.001), ethical concern (t = −4.419, p < 0.001) and price (t = −3.737, p < 0.001) were significantly higher during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. Findings from the multinomial regression model revealed that youths highly concerned for weight control were more likely to be in the weight loss category (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.633, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.230–2.168, p = 0.001). Conversely, those who gained weight due to the pandemic confinement highly valued natural content in foods (AOR = 0.653, CI = 0.481–0.886, p = 0.006) when making their food choices in this unprecedented pandemic. In conclusion, Malaysian youths made healthier food choices to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Association between parental motives for food choice and eating patterns of 12- to 13-year-old Norwegian children

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger M Oellingrath ◽  
Margrethe Hersleth ◽  
Martin V Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Food Choice Motives

AbstractObjectiveTo determine (i) the importance of parents’ motives for everyday family food choices; and (ii) the relationship between parental food choice motives and eating patterns of 12- to 13-year-old children.DesignCross-sectional study. A modified version of the Food Choice Questionnaire was used to determine parental motives for food choices. The children's food and drink intake was reported by their parents using a retrospective FFQ. Eating patterns were derived using principal component analysis. The association between food choice motives and eating patterns was examined using multiple linear regression analysis.SettingPrimary schools, Telemark County, Norway.SubjectsIn total, 1095 children aged 12–13 years and their parents.ResultsThe parental motive ‘sensory appeal’ was the most important for food choice, followed by ‘health’, ‘convenience’, ‘natural content’ and ‘weight control’. The food choice motives were associated with the eating patterns of the children, independent of background variables. The motive ‘health’ was most strongly associated with a ‘varied Norwegian’ eating pattern, representing a diverse diet and regular meals, while the motive ‘convenience’ appeared to be the most important barrier to this eating pattern. ‘Weight control’ was not associated with the ‘varied Norwegian’ eating pattern.ConclusionsTo encourage parents to make healthy food choices for their children, health promotion activities should focus on the health benefits of a diverse diet and regular meals, rather than weight control. Recommended food products should be made more convenient and easily available for families with children.

scholarly journals Food choice motives, attitude towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 2606-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Rankin ◽  
Brendan P Bunting ◽  
Rui Poínhos ◽  
Ivo A van der Lans ◽  
Arnout RH Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Choice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ethical Concern ◽  
Personalised Nutrition ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Food Choice Motives ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractObjectiveThe present study explored associations between food choice motives, attitudes towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition, to inform communication strategies based on consumer priorities and concerns.Design/SettingA survey was administered online which included the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) and items assessing attitudes towards and intention to adopt personalised nutrition.SubjectsNationally representative samples were recruited in nine EU countries (n 9381).ResultsStructural equation modelling indicated that the food choice motives ‘weight control’, ‘mood’, ‘health’ and ‘ethical concern’ had a positive association and ‘price’ had a negative association with attitude towards, and intention to adopt, personalised nutrition. ‘Health’ was positively associated and ‘familiarity’ negatively associated with attitude towards personalised nutrition. The effects of ‘weight control’, ‘ethical concern’, ‘mood’ and ‘price’ on intention to adopt personalised nutrition were partially mediated by attitude. The effects of ‘health’ and ‘familiarity’ were fully mediated by attitude. ‘Sensory appeal’ was negatively and directly associated with intention to adopt personalised nutrition.ConclusionsPersonalised nutrition providers may benefit from taking into consideration the importance of underlying determinants of food choice in potential users, particularly weight control, mood and price, when promoting services and in tailoring communications that are motivationally relevant.

scholarly journals Food Preferences and Food Choice Determinants in a Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Dominika Głąbska ◽  
Dominika Skolmowska ◽  
Dominika Guzek
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Food Choice ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Students ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Food Choice Motives

Food preferences are within the most important determinants of food choices; however, little is known about their complex associations, and no studies were conducted in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between food preferences and food choice determinants in adolescents aged 15–20 years within the Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. The PLACE-19 Study included a random quota sampling conducted in the whole of Poland and covered a population-based sample of 2448 secondary school students. The food preferences were assessed using a validated Food Preference Questionnaire (FPQ), and the food choices were assessed using a validated Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). The statistical analysis comprised k-means clustering and linear regression adjusted for sex and age. Four homogenous clusters of respondents were defined based on the food choice motives—“healthy eaters” (health as the most important determinant of food choices), “hedonists” (convenience, sensory appeal, and price as the most important determinants), “indifferent consumers” (low significance for all determinants), and “demanding consumers” (high significance for all determinants). The preferences for all food categories differed when comparing between clusters presenting various food choice determinants (p < 0.001). The “healthy eaters” were characterized by the highest preference for vegetables; the “hedonists” preferred meat/fish, dairy, and snacks; the “demanding consumers” had a high preference for all food categories, while “indifferent consumers” had a low preference for all food categories. All preference scores were positively associated with mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, and price (p < 0.05). The results confirmed the association between food preferences and food choice determinants in adolescents, as well as allowed adolescents to be clustered into segments to define various needs and motives among the identified segments. For public health purposes, it may be crucial to educate “hedonists,” with a high preference for meat/fish, dairy and snacks, accompanied by convenience, sensory appeal, and price as the most important determinants of their food choices.

scholarly journals Self-Control and Affect Regulation Styles Predict Anxiety Longitudinally in University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Powers ◽  
Hannah Moshontz ◽  
Rick H. Hoyle
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
The Relationship

The performance and well-being of university students is influenced by many factors, including self-control and affect regulation, but little is known about how these factors relate. We therefore analyzed data from a multi-site research project that assessed trait self-control, affect regulation, and anxiety in a longitudinal cohort design (N = 1314) using structural equation modeling. We specifically tested hypotheses that trait self-control, assessed upon entering school, would predict anxiety outcomes during students’ third year, and this relationship would be mediated by affect regulation styles (adaptive or maladaptive). We found that greater self-control did predict lower third-year anxiety, even after accounting for anxiety levels upon entering school. Furthermore, this relationship was partially mediated by maladaptive affect regulation, where students with greater self-control endorsed less use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-blame), which in turn predicted less subsequent anxiety. In contrast, adaptive coping strategies did not mediate the relationship between trait self-control and anxiety. These findings highlight trait self-control as an important predictor of anxiety, and they identify maladaptive affect regulation as a target for interventions to promote student well-being and success.

scholarly journals Interpersonal, Affective and Compulsive Features of Driven Exercise in Anorexia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Kolar ◽  
Aleksandra Kaurin ◽  
Adrian Meule ◽  
Sandra Schlegl ◽  
Nina Dittmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Background: This preregistered (https://osf.io/g9ajb) study sought to integrate the current literature on trait compulsivity into maintenance models of driven exercise in anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested whether compulsivity increases the likelihood of driven exercise via interpersonal and affect-regulatory pathways. Methods: We used multilevel structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis that trait compulsivity predicts a stronger within-person link between affect-regulatory difficulties or interpersonal sensitivity and driven exercise in female adolescents and adults with AN. We used data from five assessments across inpatient treatment and 6-months follow-up of 207 adult and adolescent patients with AN (1036 datapoints).Results: In line with our hypotheses, patients who generally experienced more affect-regulatory difficulties or stronger interpersonal sensitivity tended to engage in more driven exercise. Moreover, high levels of trait compulsivity amplified the effect of interpersonal sensitivity on driven exercise across time. Contrary to our hypotheses, the link between affect regulation and driven exercise was not moderated by compulsivity. Similar effects on general ED psychopathology were found, but no cross-level moderation of compulsivity.Limitations: Due to sample size, potential age- and subtype-dependent effects were not analyzed. Conclusion: Our results suggest that driven exercise coincides with self-reported experiences of interpersonal sensitivity and that this link varies as a function of compulsivity such that the within-person coupling is stronger among those scoring high on compulsivity. To derive clinically useful functional models of driven exercise, future studies might use ecological momentary assessments to investigate its momentary associations with affect and interpersonal sensitivity in the context of compulsive traits.

scholarly journals Interaction between Vegetarian Versus Omnivorous Diet and Unhealthy Eating Patterns (Orthorexia Nervosa, Cognitive Restraint) and Body Mass Index in Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brytek-Matera
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Omnivorous Diet

The objective of the present study was two-fold: Firstly, to investigate unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index among individuals following a vegetarian diet and those following an omnivorous diet. Secondly, to examine interaction between vegetarian versus omnivorous diet and unhealthy eating patterns (orthorexia nervosa, cognitive restraint) and body mass index using a structural equation modeling approach (SEM). The study included 370 participants: 188 participants following a vegetarian diet and 182 following an omnivorous diet. Unhealthy eating patterns and body mass index were measured. Our results showed that individuals following a vegetarian diet were more likely to engage in orthorexic eating behavior compared to individuals following an omnivorous diet. In addition, they had a significantly lower levels of cognitive restraint and lower body mass index than individuals following an omnivorous diet. Use of SEM method showed that: (1) following a vegetarian diet and orthorexia nervosa were directly associated, (2) following an omnivorous diet and cognitive restraint were directly related and (3) following an omnivorous diet had a greater tendency to cognitive restraint and an elevated body mass index. More research is necessary to further understand the complexity of the relationship between type of diet and unhealthy eating patterns in adults.

Functional, organic or conventional? Food choices of health conscious and skeptical consumers

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Gineikiene ◽  
Justina Kiudyte ◽  
Mindaugas Degutis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
Willingness To Buy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how health consciousness and skepticism toward health claims are related to perceived healthiness and willingness to buy functional food (i.e. functional yogurt) compared to conventional and organic (bio) food. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 295 consumers was conducted in Lithuania. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Research findings indicate that health conscious consumers tend to discount messages about the health value of functional food and show preferences for organic food. In contrast, skepticism toward health claims has a higher negative homogenous impact on the perceived healthiness of functional, organic and conventional products compared to health consciousness. On the other hand, skepticism toward health claims does not directly reduce consumers’ willingness to buy functional, organic and conventional products. Research limitations/implications Testing other settings, product categories, additional constructs and understanding underlying processes using an experimental design may help to gain more insights into how health conscious and skeptical consumers make food choices. Practical implications An examination of health consciousness and skepticism toward health claims can provide at least a partial explanation as to why many functional food products fail to gain consumer confidence. Originality/value Based on the reactance theory, the study sheds some light on the understanding of how different psychosocial factors are related to consumer attitudes toward functional, organic and conventional food.

scholarly journals Young Children’s Eating in the Absence of Hunger: Links With Child Inhibitory Control, Child BMI, and Maternal Controlling Feeding Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaat Philippe ◽  
Claire Chabanet ◽  
Sylvie Issanchou ◽  
Sandrine Monnery-Patris
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Child Bmi

This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the associations between young children’s eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), inhibitory control, body mass index (BMI) and several maternal controlling feeding practices (food as reward, restriction for health, restriction for weight control). In addition, to more properly assess the relationship between children’s and maternal variables, the link between EAH and restriction was explored separately in two directionalities: “child to parent” or “parent to child.” To do this, mothers of 621 children aged 2.00–6.97years (51% boys, M=4.11years, SD=1.34) filled in a questionnaire with items from validated questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The results showed, whatever the directionality considered, a positive association between children’s eating in the absence of hunger and their BMI z-scores. Restriction for health and restriction for weight control were differently linked to EAH and to children’s BMI z-scores. Namely, low child inhibitory control, food as reward and restriction for health were identified as risk factors for EAH. Restriction for weight control was not linked to EAH, but was predicted by child BMI z-scores. Interventions aiming to improve children’s abilities to self-regulate food intake could consider training children’s general self-regulation, their self-regulation of intake, and/or promoting adaptive parental feeding practices.

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