scholarly journals Metagenomic Insights into the Effects of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on the Composition of Luminal and Mucosal Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice, Especially the Bifidobacterium Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayu Gu ◽  
Bingyong Mao ◽  
Shumao Cui ◽  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Groel Gene ◽  
Genus Level

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are considered prebiotics and have been proven to selectively promote the growth of Bifidobacterium in the gut. This study aimed to clarify the effects of FOS intake on the composition of luminal and mucosal microbiota in mice. Briefly, mice were fed a 0% or 25% FOS (w/w)-supplemented diet for four weeks, and the composition of luminal and mucosal microbiota, especially the Bifidobacterium, was analyzed by sequencing the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA and groEL gene, respectively. After FOS intervention, there were significant increases in the total and wall weights of the cecum and the amount of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecal contents of the mice. At the phylum level, the results showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the contents and mucosa from the cecum to the distal colon in the FOS group. Besides Bifidobacterium, a significant increase was observed in the relative abundance of Coprococcus in all samples at the genus level, which may be partially related to the increase in butyric acid levels in the luminal contents. Furthermore, groEL sequencing revealed that Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was almost the sole bifidobacterial species in the luminal contents (>98%) and mucosa (>89%). These results indicated that FOS can selectively promote B. pseudolongum proliferation in the intestine, either in the lumen or the mucosa from the cecum to the distal colon. Further studies are required to reveal the competitive advantage of B. pseudolongum over other FOS-metabolizing bacteria and the response mechanisms of B. pseudolongum to FOS.

scholarly journals Effects of Industrial and Ruminant Trans-fatty Acids-Enriched Diet on Fecal Microbiome and Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolites of C57BL/6 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1171-1171
Author(s):  
Farzad Mohammadi ◽  
Emma Tolsdorf ◽  
Karine Greffard ◽  
Élodie Chotard ◽  
Jean-François Bilodeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Valeric Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Fecal Microbiome

Abstract Objectives We hypothesized that the intake of industrially originated trans-fatty acids (elaidic acid (EA trans 18: 1n-9)) and ruminant trans fatty acids (trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA t16:1 n-7)) will differentially modify gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles. The objective is to compare the long- and short-term effects of EA and TPA on the fecal microbiome and SCFAs profiles in mice. Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were divided to 4 groups. Each group was given one of the following 4 formulations in the drinking water: lecithin nanovesicles, nanovesicles containing either lecithin with EA or TPA (86:14 (w/w)) or water alone (control) for 28 days with a normal fat diet. Fecal samples were collected at days 0, 7 and 28. Gut microbiota profiles were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SCFAs were measured by headspace gas chromatography coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Baseline data (relative abundance of bacteria or levels of SCFAs) was pooled and then compared with data from day 7 or day 28 for each formulation. Results After 7 days of lecithin, 16S rRNA analysis revealed an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. After 28 days of lecithin, an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae together with a decrease in Bacteroidaceae was observed. Further, a tendency to increase level of butyric acid (P = 0.053) was observed after 28 days of lecithin. After 7 days of EA, an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, whereas a decrease in the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Rumininococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Peptococcaceae was observed. After 7 days of TPA, results show a decreased level of isovaleric acid (P = 0.04) and valeric acid (P = 0.03). After 28 days of TPA, data demonstrates an increase in the level of butyric acid (P = 0.01) and propionic acid (P = 0.01). Water intake for 28 days decreased the level of valeric acid (P = 0.02). Conclusions Consumption of industrial and ruminant trans-fatty acids modify differentially bacterial taxa present in the gut microbiome and SCFA profiles. Funding Sources NSERC, CMDO.

scholarly journals Content of short-chain fatty acids in the hindgut of rats fed processed bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flours varying in distribution and content of indigestible carbohydrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa M. Henningsson ◽  
E. Margareta ◽  
G. L. Nyman ◽  
Inger M. E. Björck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Retrograded Starch ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) processed to differ in distribution and content of indigestible carbohydrates were used to study hindgut fermentability and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Bean flours with low or high content of resistant starch (RS), mainly raw and physically-inaccessible starch, were obtained by milling the beans before or after boiling. Flours containing retrograded starch and with a high or low content of oligosaccharides were prepared by autoclaving followed by freeze-drying with or without the boiling water. Six diets were prepared from these flours yielding a total concentration of indigestible carbohydrates of 90 or 120 g/kg (dry weight basis). The total fermentability of the indigestible carbohydrates was high with all diets (80–87 %). Raw and physically-inaccessible starch was more readily fermented than retrograded starch (97–99 %v.86–95 %; P<0·05). Non-starch glucans were fermented to a lesser extent than RS, but the fermentability was higher (P<0·05) in the case of autoclaved (50–54 %) than boiled beans (37–41 %). The distribution between acetic, propionic and butyric acid in the caecum was similar for all diets, with a comparatively high percentage of butyric acid (approximately 18). However, with diets containing the high amounts of RS, the butyric acid concentration was significantly higher in the distal colon than in the proximal colon (P=0·009 and P=0·047 for the high- and low-level diets respectively), whereas it remained constant, or decreased along the colon in the case of the other diets. Furthermore, the two diets richest in RS also promoted the highest percentages of butyric acid in the distal colon (24 and 17v.12 and 12–16 for the high- and low-level diets respectively).

scholarly journals Influences of dietary adaptation and source of resistant starch on short-chain fatty acids in the hindgut of rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa M. Henningsson ◽  
E. Margareta ◽  
G. L. Nyman ◽  
Inger M. E. Björck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Adaptation Time ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The effect of adaptation time on the concentration and pattern of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) formed in the hindgut of rats given resistant starch (RS) in the form of raw potato starch (RPS) or high-amylose maize starch (HAS) was evaluated. Each starchy material was tested in diets containing 100 g indigestible carbohydrate/g DM, and fed for 13, 28 and 42 d. At the end of each period, the content of SCFA was determined in caecum, distal colon and faeces. The caecal concentration of total and individual SCFA increased for both diets with increasing adaptation time. The concentration of butyric acid was higher in the group fed RPS than in that fed HAS at all adaptation times. The caecal proportion of butyric acid was low both in rats fed RPS and HAS (6 and 4 %, respectively) following 13 d of adaptation. However, after 28 d of adaptation, the proportion of butyric acid had increased to 19 % in rats given RPS. A longer adaptation period (42 d) did not increase the proportion of butyric acid further. With HAS, there was also a significant (P<0·01) increase in the proportion of butyric acid with longer adaptation time. However, the increase was much slower and the proportion of butyric acid reached 6 and 8 % after 28 and 42 d respectively. It is concluded that the pattern of SCFA formed from RS in rats is dependent on adaptation time. It cannot be excluded that the different patterns of SCFA reported in the literature for RS may be due to the time of adaptation.

scholarly journals Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Not Predictive of Colonic Tumor Status and Cannot Be Predicted Based on Bacterial Community Structure

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Sze ◽  
Begüm D. Topçuoğlu ◽  
Nicholas A. Lesniak ◽  
Mack T. Ruffin ◽  
Patrick D. Schloss
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Colonic bacterial populations are thought to have a role in the development of colorectal cancer with some protecting against inflammation and others exacerbating inflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties and are produced in large quantities by colonic bacteria that produce SCFAs by fermenting fiber. We assessed whether there was an association between fecal SCFA concentrations and the presence of colonic adenomas or carcinomas in a cohort of individuals using 16S rRNA gene and metagenomic shotgun sequence data. We measured the fecal concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate within the cohort and found that there were no significant associations between SCFA concentration and tumor status. When we incorporated these concentrations into random forest classification models trained to differentiate between people with healthy colons and those with adenomas or carcinomas, we found that they did not significantly improve the ability of 16S rRNA gene or metagenomic gene sequence-based models to classify individuals. Finally, we generated random forest regression models trained to predict the concentration of each SCFA based on 16S rRNA gene or metagenomic gene sequence data from the same samples. These models performed poorly and were able to explain at most 14% of the observed variation in the SCFA concentrations. These results support the broader epidemiological data that questions the value of fiber consumption for reducing the risks of colorectal cancer. Although other bacterial metabolites may serve as biomarkers to detect adenomas or carcinomas, fecal SCFA concentrations have limited predictive power. IMPORTANCE Considering that colorectal cancer is the third leading cancer-related cause of death within the United States, it is important to detect colorectal tumors early and to prevent the formation of tumors. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are often used as a surrogate for measuring gut health and for being anticarcinogenic because of their anti-inflammatory properties. We evaluated the fecal SCFA concentrations of a cohort of individuals with different colonic tumor burdens who were previously analyzed to identify microbiome-based biomarkers of tumors. We were unable to find an association between SCFA concentration and tumor burden or use SCFAs to improve our microbiome-based models of classifying people based on their tumor status. Furthermore, we were unable to find an association between the fecal community structure and SCFA concentrations. Our results indicate that the association between fecal SCFAs, the gut microbiome, and tumor burden is weak.

scholarly journals Fermentation and bulking capacity of indigestible carbohydrates: the case of inulin and oligofructose

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S163-S168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acid Formation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The bulking index (i.e. the increase in faecal fresh weight in gram per gram indigestible carbohydrate ingested) with oligofructose and inulin is similar to that produced with other easily fermented fibres such as pectins and gums. Most studies in man have been performed at a level of 15 g/d and more investigations on lower intakes are needed to appoint the least intake for an effect. Concerning short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) most studies have been using oligofructose and points at an increased butyric acid formation in the caecum of rats. In one study on rats with inulin high caecal proportions of propionic acid were obtained. As inulin has a higher molecular weight than oligofructose it might be speculated if this could be a reason to the different SCFA-profile formed. No effects on faecal concentrations of SCFA in humans have been revealed with inulin and oligofructose, which neither is expected as most of the SCFA formed during the fermentation already has been absorbed or utilized by the colonic mucosa.

Impact of Encapsulated Lactobacillus casei 01 Along with Pasteurized Purple-Rice Drinks on Modulating Colon Microbiome using a Digestive Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pittaya Chaikham ◽  
Arunee Apichartsrangkoon ◽  
Srivilai Worametrachanon ◽  
Tom Van de Wiele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract The prospect of Lactobacillus casei 01 and pasteurized purple-rice drinks on modulating colon microbiome by using a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem was investigated. Accordingly, L. casei 01 alone and with pasteurized purple-rice drink were administered into the proximal and distal colons. In consequence, some colon bacteria and their metabolic activities were examined. The results showed that upon modulating the colon microbiota by L. casei 01 alone with pasteurized germinated-purple-rice drink in the distal colon, acetate and propionate (short-chain fatty acids) were equivalently elevated but other treatments performed differently. Based on the profile of colon microbiota, most treatments stimulated the highest number of lactobacilli followed by bifidobacteria, while other undesirable bacteria were moderately diminished. In overall, larger gelatinized starch in the rice drinks enabled by pasteurization triggered off better modulating impact than by pressurization.

scholarly journals Effect of Butyrylated Arrowroot Starch to the Digesta Profile and Molar Ratio SCFA

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Damat Damat
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Arrowroot Starch

The research was conducted to determine the effects of Butyrylated Arrowroot Starch (BAS) to the digesta profile and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) molar ratio. The research was conducted by using simple complete randomized design (CRD). The treatment tested was feed type, which consists of 5 levels, namely natural arrowroot starch, BAS with Degree of Substitution (DS) 0.053; 0.120; 0.187 and AIN93 natural feed. The study was conducted by using 30 Sprague Dawley rats, which were divided into 5 groups, each group consisting of 6 tails. Feeding treatments were given from dayseven until day 33. On day-34 analysis was conductedof the digesta profile and the SCFA molar ratio. Based on the analysis results, it is known that BAS feeding increased digesta weight, decreased digesta pH and increased digesta water content when compared with the AIN93 standard feed. Largest amount of digesta, lowest digesta pH, and highest water content of digesta, respectively 7.19 g, 6.53 and 91.23%, wasobtained from rats fed BAS with DS 0.187. The molar ratio of butyric acid in digesta also increased along with the increasing BAS DS.<strong><em></em></strong><em></em>

scholarly journals Characterizing the Composition of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kane E. Deering ◽  
Amanda Devine ◽  
Therese A. O’Sullivan ◽  
Johnny Lo ◽  
Mary C. Boyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

The consortium of trillions of microorganisms that live inside the human gut are integral to health. Little has been done to collate and characterize the microbiome of children. A systematic review was undertaken to address this gap (PROSPERO ID: CRD42018109599). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using the keywords: “healthy preadolescent children” and “gut microbiome” to 31 August 2018. Of the 815 journal articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, and genus taxonomic ranks. α-diversity, short chain fatty acid concentrations, diet, 16S rRNA sequencing region, and geographical location were documented. The preadolescent gut microbiome is dominated at the phylum level by Firmicutes (weighted overall average relative abundance = 51.1%) and Bacteroidetes (36.0%); genus level by Bacteroides (16.0%), Prevotella (8.69%), Faecalibacterium (7.51%), and Bifidobacterium (5.47%). Geographic location and 16S rRNA sequencing region were independently associated with microbial proportions. There was limited consensus between studies that reported α-diversity and short chain fatty acids. Broadly speaking, participants from non-Western locations, who were less likely to follow a Westernized dietary pattern, had higher α-diversity and SCFA concentrations. Confirmatory studies will increase the understanding of the composition and functional capacity of the preadolescent gut microbiome.

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