scholarly journals Lung Function, Dietary Intake, and Weight Status in Children with Persistent Asthma from Low-Income, Urban Communities

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2943 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Whitney Evans ◽  
Daphne Koinis-Mitchell ◽  
Sheryl J. Kopel ◽  
Elissa Jelalian
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Childhood

Objective: Asthma and obesity are prevalent chronic childhood diseases that commonly co-occur in youth from low-income, minority backgrounds. Diet is a known risk factor for obesity; however, its role in asthma/obesity comorbidity is not well established. This analysis examined the association between diet and lung function and effect modification by weight status. Methods: Lung function (FEV1 % predicted), anthropometric, and dietary data were collected from 95 children, ages 7–9 years old with persistent asthma, from low-income, urban communities in the United States. Associations between lung function, diet and weight status were examined using multivariable linear regression. Results: There were no significant differences in dietary intake between children with persistent asthma with and without obesity; however, >85% of participants did not meet recommendations for fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake for their age and sex. Only intake of fruit (whole fruit and juice) was significantly associated with FEV1 % predicted (−3.36; 95% CI: −6.5 to −0.2). Conclusions: Diet quality was poor in this sample, independent of weight status. More research is needed to understand the relationship between diet, lung function, and weight status, so that interventions can be developed to concurrently address obesity and weight.

scholarly journals Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Race on Sepsis Epidemiology and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Minejima ◽  
Annie Wong-Beringer
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Poor Health Literacy ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is a complex variable that is derived primarily from an individual’s education, income, and occupation and has been found to be inversely related to outcomes of health conditions. Sepsis is the sixth most common admitting diagnosis and one of the most costly conditions for in-hospital spending in the United States. The objective of this review is to report on the relationship between SES and sepsis incidence and associated outcomes. Content Sepsis epidemiology varies when explored by race, education, geographic location, income, and insurance status. Sepsis incidence was significantly increased in individuals of Black race compared with non-Hispanic white race; in persons who have less formal education, who lack insurance, and who have low income; and in certain US regions. People with low SES are likely to have onset of sepsis significantly earlier in life and to have poorly controlled comorbidities compared with those with higher SES. Sepsis mortality and hospital readmission is increased in individuals who lack insurance, who reside in low-income or medically underserved areas, who live far from healthcare, and who lack higher level education; however, a person’s race was not consistently found to increase mortality. Summary Interventions to minimize healthcare disparity for individuals with low SES should target sepsis prevention with increasing measures for preventive care for chronic conditions. Significant barriers described for access to care by people with low SES include cost, transportation, poor health literacy, and lack of a social network. Future studies should include polysocial risk scores that are consistently defined to allow for meaningful comparison across studies.

Low-income children’s readiness for group-based learning at age 3 and prekindergarten outcomes at age 5

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-274
Author(s):  
Hannah B Mudrick ◽  
JoAnn L Robinson ◽  
Holly E Brophy-Herb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
Classroom Adjustment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Developmental

Although 3-year-olds in the United States may attend prekindergarten prior to formal school entry in kindergarten, few investigations focus on the socioemotional foundations of classroom learning at age 3 and their relationship to later achievement. This study examined the relationship between age 3 readiness for group-based learning, modeled as the latent constructs, effortful control and social communication, and age 5 classroom adjustment and pre-academic outcomes. Data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project in the United States ( n = 797) included observations, direct assessment, and examiner and teacher report. Children’s effortful control predicted classroom adjustment and their social communication predicted pre-academic outcomes. Readiness for group-based learning provides a way to describe key constructs of early skill development and a framework to support children’s classroom learning. Implications include promoting parents’ and educators’ capacities to support early developmental foundations for later adjustment and learning by fostering infants’ and toddlers’ effortful control and social communication. Efforts to support these skills simultaneously across diverse experiences in the home and classroom by focusing on children’s individual needs may prove advantageous.

Subject-specific and task-specific characteristics of metalinguistic awareness in bilingual children

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Joseph Galambos ◽  
Kenji Hakuta
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metalinguistic Awareness ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Transitional Bilingual ◽  
Subject Specific ◽  
Native Language Proficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe relationship between bilingualism and metalinguistic awareness was explored in Puerto Rican Spanish- and English-speaking children. All subjects were from low-income backgrounds and were enrolled in a transitional bilingual education program in the United States. Two longitudinal studies were conducted. The first study examined the abilities to note and correct ungrammatical sentences in Spanish. Subjects were 104 children in first and second grade at the beginning of the study. They were followed over a period of 2 years. The second study looked at the ability to detect ambiguity in sentences, and to paraphrase the different meanings. There were 107 subjects who were in fourth and fifth grades, and were also followed over a 2-year period. The results from both studies indicated that native language proficiency as well as the degree of bilingualism affected metalinguistic awareness. The results also indicated that these effects interacted with the types of items in the metalinguistic tasks. This suggests that both subject-specific and task-specific factors are important in understanding the relationship between bilingualism and metalinguistic awareness.

scholarly journals Article processing charges, the geographic diversity of author communities, and barriers to publication for authors in the Global South

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Culver Smith ◽  
Leandra Merz ◽  
Jesse B. Borden ◽  
Chris Gulick ◽  
Akhil Ravindra Kshirsagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Geographic Diversity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Article Processing Charges ◽  
The Relationship

Many OA journals require authors pay an article processing charge (APC), which researchers in the Global South often cite as an insurmountable financial barrier. This has led to speculation that there will be lower representation of these authors in OA journals charging APCs. We used “mirror journals” – APC-charging OA versions of paywalled (PW) titles with whom they share editorial boards and standards for acceptance – to investigate the relationship between APCs and the geographic diversity of authors. Most of the >41,000 articles we reviewed were published in PW journals. Although lead authors were based in >140 countries, ~45% were based in either the United States of America (USA) or China. After correcting for differences in sample size, we found no difference between OA and PW journals in the number of countries in which lead authors were based. After correcting for the dominance of China and the USA, we found that author diversity in OA journals was significantly lower than in PW journals. Most OA articles were written by authors in high-income countries; no articles in OA journals had first authors from low-income countries. Our results suggest APCs are a barrier to OA publication for scientists from the Global South.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of providing evidenced-based perinatal practice to low-income populations providing perinatal care: Does patient income influence the delivery of quality care?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Damon ◽  
Carmen D. Parrotta ◽  
Lindsey A. Wallace ◽  
William Riley
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Hospital Service ◽  
Care Bundles ◽  
Bundle Compliance ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study examines a national perinatal quality improvement collaborative designed to create high reliability through the use of evidence-based perinatal care bundles. The objective of this study is to determine whether hospitals serving low-income patient populations experienced lower compliance with perinatal care bundles than hospitals serving higher-income patient populations Objective: We investigated the relationship between the rate of perinatal bundle compliance within a hospital and the economic characteristics of the patients and surrounding community. We hypothesized a negative relationship between poverty and care bundle compliance. Methods: Using prospective data from 131,847 births over 34 months within 16 hospitals located in cities across the United States, we examined the relationship between compliance with evidence-based obstetrical care bundles and three measures of the poverty status of the patient population served and the hospital service area: 1) proportion of the obstetrical patients with Medicaid as the primary payer, 2) median income in the hospital service area, and 3) poverty rate in the hospital’s service area. Results: The findings indicate no difference in bundle compliance rates in relation to the economic characteristics of the participating hospitals and their patients. Conclusions: While previous research has indicated that patients of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to receive high quality care, the findings in this study indicate that hospital compliance with evidence-based perinatal care bundles did not differ by economic characteristics of the hospital service area. These results indicate uniformity of care across hospitals irrespective of patient economic characteristics.

Rethinking the Relationship of African American Men to the Street

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alford A. Young
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Power ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines how the street has become a point of reference in scholarly and public discussions of the behavior of low-income African American men living in urban communities. It begins with a discussion of how the street has attained such an overriding centrality in the cultural analyses of low-income, urban-based African American men in public space, especially in the formation of images and understandings about them. It then considers how and why African American men have come to be viewed as a frighteningly disturbing presence on the street because of the social power they are assumed to have in affecting the actions and lives of others who make use of the streets. It also looks at various frameworks for the cultural analysis of African American men and concludes by arguing that the street has been both overdetermined and incompletely theorized in terms of its significance for cultural analysis.

FAMILY FOOD INSECURITY AND NUTRITIONAL RISK IN ADOLESCENTS FROM A LOW-INCOME AREA OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAÍS S. LOPES ◽  
ROSELY SICHIERI ◽  
ROSANA SALLES-COSTA ◽  
GLORIA V. VEIGA ◽  
ROSANGELA A. PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

SummaryThe study objective was to analyse the association between food insecurity and the weight and height status of adolescents from a low-income area in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The population-based cross-sectional survey included 523 adolescents aged 12–18 years, selected by a three-stage cluster sample. Dietary intake was ascertained with a food frequency questionnaire and family food insecurity was assessed with a validated questionnaire. The analysis estimated weighted means of energy and nutrient intakes by families' socioeconomic characteristics and the association between dietary intake with overweight and stunting. The prevalence of mild family food insecurity was 36%, and 24% of the families reported moderate or severe food insecurity. Overweight prevalence was 24%, and the prevalence of stunting was 9%, with no significant differences between sex or age groups. Family food insecurity was associated with unfavourable socioeconomic characteristics, but there was no association between socioeconomic characteristics (including family food insecurity) and overweight or stunting. Moderate or severe family food insecurity was inversely associated with intake of protein and calcium. In addition, stunting was associated with low calcium and iron intake. The co-existence of family food insecurity with overweight and stunting implies a high nutritional risk for adolescents from poor areas of Rio de Janeiro. Nevertheless, the observed absence of a statistical association between family food insecurity and weight status attests to the complexity of this issue.

scholarly journals Food Instability and Academic Achievement: A Quasi-Experiment Using SNAP Benefit Timing

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gassman-Pines ◽  
Laura Bellows
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Transfer ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Nutrition Assistance ◽  
End Of Grade ◽  
The Relationship

Although social policies aimed at low-income families are thought to promote children’s educational success, little research has examined how these policies are related to children’s academic achievement. This article focuses on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the United States’ largest food assistance program. Using administrative data on over 148,000 SNAP-receiving public school children, we analyze the recency of SNAP benefit transfer and children’s end-of-grade math and reading achievement test scores. Results indicate differences in students’ math and reading performance based on the recency of SNAP benefit transfer. Although the relationship is stronger for reading than for math, the relationship between students’ test scores and SNAP transfer is roughly curvilinear. Test scores peak in the third week following benefit transfer.

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