scholarly journals Palmitic Acid Versus Stearic Acid: Effects of Interesterification and Intakes on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers—A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel A. van Rooijen ◽  
Ronald P. Mensink
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Triacylglycerol Molecule

Fats that are rich in palmitic or stearic acids can be interesterified to increase their applicability for the production of certain foods. When compared with palmitic acid, stearic acid lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, which is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but its effects on other cardiometabolic risk markers have been studied less extensively. In addition, the positional distribution of these two fatty acids within the triacylglycerol molecule may affect their metabolic effects. The objective was to compare the longer-term and postprandial effects of (interesterified) fats that are rich in either palmitic or stearic acids on cardiometabolic risk markers in humans. Two searches in PubMed/Medline, Embase (OVID) and Cochrane Library were performed; one to identify articles that studied effects of the position of palmitic or stearic acids within the triacylglycerol molecule and one to identify articles that compared side-by-side effects of palmitic acid with those of stearic acid. The interesterification of palmitic or stearic acid-rich fats does not seem to affect fasting serum lipids and (apo) lipoproteins. However, substituting palmitic acid with stearic acid lowers LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Postprandial lipemia is attenuated if the solid fat content of a fat blend at body temperature is increased. How (the interesterification of) palmitic or stearic acid-rich fats affects other cardiometabolic risk markers needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Worsens the Profile of Cardiometabolic Risk Markers and Decrease Indexes of Beta-Cell Function Independently of Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Women with a Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Sokup ◽  
Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek ◽  
Małgorzata Walentowicz-Sadłecka ◽  
Marek Grabiec ◽  
Danuta Rość
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Background. Women with a history of both parental type 2 diabetes (pt2DM) and previous gestational diabetes (pGDM) represent a group at high risk of cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that pGDM changes cardiometabolic risk markers levels as well as theirs associations with glucose indices in nondiabetic pt2DM women.Methods. Anthropometric parameters, glucose regulation (OGTT), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), beta-cell function, lipid levels, parameters of endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation were evaluated in 55 women with pt2DM, 40 with both pt2DM and pGDM 2–24 months postpartum, and 35 controls.Results. Prediabetes was diagnosed more frequently in women with both pt2DM and pGDM in comparison with women with only pt2DM (10 versus 8,P=0.04). The pGDM group had higher LDL-cholesterol, sICAM-1, tPa Ag, fibrinogen, and lower beta-cell function after adjustment for HOMA-IR, in comparison with pt2DM group. In pt2DM group postchallenge glucose correlated independently with hsCRP and in pGDM group fasting glucose with HOMA-IR.Conclusions. pGDM exerts a combined effect on cardiometabolic risk markers in women with pt2DM. In these women higher LDL-cholesterol, fibrinogen, sICAM-1, tPa Ag levels and decreased beta cell function are associated with pGDM independently of HOMA-IR index value. Fasting glucose is an important cardiometabolic risk marker and is independently associated with HOMA-IR.

Effects of Lifestyles of People with Visual Impairments on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Krystyna Gawlik ◽  
Anna Zwierzchowska ◽  
Barbara Rosołek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify selected cardiometabolic risk markers and determine their correlation with lifestyles of adults with visual impairments. Methods: The study randomly selected 49 people with visual impairments (25 women and 24 men) aged 17–84 years (mean age 58.5 years). Body build, composition metrics, biochemical parameters, level of physical activity, and eating habits were evaluated. Results: Excessive body mass was found in 65% of respondents (72% women and 58% men). Above-typical blood total cholesterol levels were found in 52% of women and 42% of men, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in 33% of men and 20% of women, triglyceride levels in 16% of women and 17% of men and glucose in 56% of women and 42% of men. Reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found in 25% of men and 20% of women. Results showed that 43% of respondents were not involved in physical activity at the recommended level. The use of nicotine was declared by 18% of respondents. No significant correlations were observed for the relationships between physical activity and somatic and biochemical parameters. Eating habits had a significant effect on the prevalence of above-typical LDL cholesterol levels, whereas smoking led to significant differences between study participants due to body mass index and fat percentage. Discussion: Lifestyles of individuals with visual impairments were not entirely healthy. Due to the characteristics of the disability, people with visual impairments are challenged with barriers to living healthy lifestyles. Implications for practitioners: The information obtained here can be used to implement adequate measures to provide equal opportunities for people who are blind or have low vision to lead healthy lifestyles and improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Comparison of diets enriched in stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids on inflammation, immune response, cardiometabolic risk factors, and fecal bile acid concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women—randomized crossover trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huicui Meng ◽  
Nirupa R Matthan ◽  
Dayong Wu ◽  
Lijun Li ◽  
Jose Rodríguez-Morató ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Lithocholic Acid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Acid Diet

ABSTRACT Background Direct comparisons between SFAs varying in chain length, specifically palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), relative to the latter's metabolic product, oleic acid (18:1), on cardiometabolic risk factors are limited. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the relative comparability of diets enriched in palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid on inflammation and coagulation markers, T lymphocyte proliferation/ex-vivo cytokine secretion, plasma cardiometabolic risk factors, and fecal bile acid concentrations. Methods Hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women (n = 20, mean ± SD age 64 ± 7 y, BMI 26.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2, LDL cholesterol ≥ 2.8 mmol/L) were provided with each of 3 diets [55% energy (%E) carbohydrate, 15%E protein, 30%E fat, with ∼50% fat contributed by palmitic acid, stearic acid, or oleic acid in each diet; 5 wk/diet phase] using a randomized crossover design with 2-wk washouts between phases. Outcome measures were assessed at the end of each phase. Results Fasting LDL-cholesterol and non–HDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower after the stearic acid and oleic acid diets than the palmitic acid diet (all P < 0.01). Fasting HDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower after the stearic acid diet than the palmitic acid and oleic acid diets (P < 0.01). The stearic acid diet resulted in lower lithocholic acid (P = 0.01) and total secondary bile acid (SBA) concentrations (P = 0.04) than the oleic acid diet. All other outcome measures were similar between diets. Lithocholic acid concentrations were positively correlated with fasting LDL-cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.33; P = 0.011). Total SBA, lithocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with fasting HDL cholesterol (r = −0.51 to −0.44; P < 0.01) concentrations and positively correlated with LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (r = 0.37–0.54; P < 0.01) ratios. Conclusions Dietary stearic acid and oleic acid had similar effects on fasting LDL-cholesterol and non–HDL-cholesterol concentrations and more favorable ones than palmitic acid. Unlike oleic acid, the hypocholesterolemic effect of stearic acid may be mediated by inhibition of intestinal hydrophobic SBA synthesis. These findings add to the data suggesting there should be a reassessment of current SFA dietary guidance and Nutrient Facts panel labeling. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02145936.

Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines are associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in Brazilian schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana De Santis Filgueiras ◽  
Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽  
Josefina Bressan ◽  
Fernanda Martins de Albuquerque ◽  
Lara Gomes Suhett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

scholarly journals Greater Fructose Consumption Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers and Visceral Adiposity in Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman K. Pollock ◽  
Vanessa Bundy ◽  
William Kanto ◽  
Catherine L. Davis ◽  
Paul J. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

scholarly journals Reducing prolonged sedentary time using a treadmill desk acutely improves cardiometabolic risk markers in male and female adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (21) ◽  
pp. 2484-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael B Champion ◽  
Lindsey R Smith ◽  
Jennifer Smith ◽  
Bogdana Hirlav ◽  
Benjamin D Maylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Associations of Vigorous Gardening With Cardiometabolic Risk Markers for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kingsley ◽  
Nyssa Hadgraft ◽  
Neville Owen ◽  
Takemi Sugiyama ◽  
David W. Dunstan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

This study investigates the associations of vigorous-intensity gardening time with cardiometabolic health risk markers. This cross-sectional study (AusDiab) analyzed 2011–2012 data of 3,664 adults (55% women, mean [range], age = 59.3 [34–94] years) in Australia. Multiple linear regression models examined associations of time spent participating in vigorous gardening (0, <150 min/week, ≥150 min/week) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score and its components, for the whole sample and stratified by age and gender. Of participants, 61% did no vigorous gardening, 23% reported <150 min/week, and 16% reported ≥150 min/week. In the whole sample, spending ≥150 min/week in vigorous gardening was associated with lower CMR (lower CMR score, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides) compared with no vigorous gardening. Stratified analyses suggested that these associations were almost exclusively observed for older adults and women. These findings suggest the public health potential of vigorous-intensity gardening in reducing CMR.

scholarly journals Correction to: Physical activity intensity, bout-duration, and cardiometabolic risk markers in children and adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2346-2346
Author(s):  
Jakob Tarp ◽  
◽  
Abbey Child ◽  
Tom White ◽  
Kate Westgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Bout Duration ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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