scholarly journals Additive Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Thiazolidinediones in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: Triacylglycerol/Fatty Acid Cycling in Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3737
Author(s):  
Kristina Bardova ◽  
Jiri Funda ◽  
Radek Pohl ◽  
Tomas Cajka ◽  
Michal Hensler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Futile Cycle ◽  
Dietary Obesity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3) and anti-diabetic drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs) exhibit additive effects in counteraction of dietary obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions in mice. The underlying mechanisms need to be clarified. Here, we aimed to learn whether the futile cycle based on the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and re-esterification of fatty acids (TAG/FA cycling) in white adipose tissue (WAT) could be involved. We compared Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) and two different TZDs—pioglitazone (50 mg/g diet) and a second-generation TZD, MSDC-0602K (330 mg/g diet)—regarding their effects in C57BL/6N mice fed an obesogenic high-fat (HF) diet for 8 weeks. The diet was supplemented or not by the tested compound alone or with the two TZDs combined individually with Omega-3. Activity of TAG/FA cycle in WAT was suppressed by the obesogenic HF diet. Additive effects in partial rescue of TAG/FA cycling in WAT were observed with both combined interventions, with a stronger effect of Omega-3 and MSDC-0602K. Our results (i) supported the role of TAG/FA cycling in WAT in the beneficial additive effects of Omega-3 and TZDs on metabolism of diet-induced obese mice, and (ii) showed differential modulation of WAT gene expression and metabolism by the two TZDs, depending also on Omega-3.

scholarly journals Deficiency of Stat1 in CD11c+ Cells Alters Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Improves Metabolic Dysfunctions in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antu Antony ◽  
Zeqin Lian ◽  
Xiaoyuan Dai Perrard ◽  
Jerry Perrard ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

<a>CD11c<sup>+</sup> macrophages/dendritic cells (MDCs) are increased and display classically activated M1-like phenotype in obese adipose tissue (AT) and may contribute to AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Stat1 is a key transcription factor for MDC polarization into M1-like phenotype. Here, we examined the role of Stat1 in obesity-induced AT MDC polarization and inflammation and insulin resistance using mice with specific knockout of Stat1 in MDCs (cKO). Stat1 was upregulated and phosphorylated, indicating activation, early and persistently in AT and AT MDCs of wild-type mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). Compared to littermate controls, cKO mice fed HFD (16 weeks) had reductions in MDC (mainly CD11c<sup>+</sup> macrophage) M1-like polarization and interferon-</a>g–expressing T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, but increases in interleukin-5–expressing Th2 cells and eosinophils in perigonadal and inguinal AT, and enhanced inguinal AT browning, with increased energy expenditure. cKO mice compared with controls also had significant reductions in triglyceride content in the liver and skeletal muscle and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Stat1 in MDCs plays an important role in obesity-induced MDC M1-like polarization and AT inflammation and contributes to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions in obese mice.

scholarly journals Deficiency of Stat1 in CD11c+ Cells Alters Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Improves Metabolic Dysfunctions in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antu Antony ◽  
Zeqin Lian ◽  
Xiaoyuan Dai Perrard ◽  
Jerry Perrard ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Triglyceride Content ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions

<a>CD11c<sup>+</sup> macrophages/dendritic cells (MDCs) are increased and display classically activated M1-like phenotype in obese adipose tissue (AT) and may contribute to AT inflammation and insulin resistance. Stat1 is a key transcription factor for MDC polarization into M1-like phenotype. Here, we examined the role of Stat1 in obesity-induced AT MDC polarization and inflammation and insulin resistance using mice with specific knockout of Stat1 in MDCs (cKO). Stat1 was upregulated and phosphorylated, indicating activation, early and persistently in AT and AT MDCs of wild-type mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). Compared to littermate controls, cKO mice fed HFD (16 weeks) had reductions in MDC (mainly CD11c<sup>+</sup> macrophage) M1-like polarization and interferon-</a>g–expressing T helper type 1 (Th1) cells, but increases in interleukin-5–expressing Th2 cells and eosinophils in perigonadal and inguinal AT, and enhanced inguinal AT browning, with increased energy expenditure. cKO mice compared with controls also had significant reductions in triglyceride content in the liver and skeletal muscle and exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Stat1 in MDCs plays an important role in obesity-induced MDC M1-like polarization and AT inflammation and contributes to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunctions in obese mice.

scholarly journals The Impact of OMEGA-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Insulin Resistance and Content of Adipocytokines and Biologically Active Lipids in Adipose Tissue of High-Fat Diet Fed Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chacińska ◽  
Zabielski ◽  
Książek ◽  
Szałaj ◽  
Jarząbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fish Oil Supplementation

It has been established that OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve lipid and glucose homeostasis and prevent the “low-grade” state of inflammation in animals. Little is known about the effect of PUFAs on adipocytokines expression and biologically active lipids accumulation under the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on adipocytokines expression and ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerols (DAG) content in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat fed animals. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats divided into three groups: standard diet–control (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + fish oil (HFD+FO). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were examined. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein was determined using the Western blot method. Plasma adipocytokines concentration was measured using ELISA kits and mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR reaction. Cer, DAG, and acyl-carnitine (A-CAR) content was analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assesment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and reduced content of adipose tissue biologically active lipids in comparison with HFD-fed subjects. The expression of CPT1 protein in HFD+FO in both adipose tissues was elevated, whereas the content of A-CAR was lower in both HFD groups. There was an increase of adiponectin concentration and expression in HFD+FO as compared to HFD group. OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased content of Cer and DAG in both fat depots. Our results also demonstrate that PUFAs may prevent the development of insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding and may regulate the expression and secretion of adipocytokines in this animal model.

Inter-Tissue and Intra-Tissue Co-Expression Networks in Human Metabolism: Morphological Evaluation of the Link Between Transcription Factors ERβ and NFAT in Morbid Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Athina Chasapi ◽  
Kostas Balampanis ◽  
Eleni Kourea ◽  
Fotios Kalfaretzos ◽  
Vaia Lambadiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays an important role in human metabolism and some of its metabolic actions are mediated by a positive “cross-talk” with Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT) and the key metabolic transcriptional coregulator Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 2 (TIF2). Introduction: Our study is an “in situ” morphological evaluation of the communication between ERβ, NFAT and TIF2 in morbid obesity. Potential correlations with clinicopathological parameters and with the presence of diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were also explored. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ERβ and NFAT in the underlying pathophysiology of obesity and related comorbidities. We have investigated the expression of specific proteins using immunochemistry methodologies. Methods: Our population consists of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery, during which biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver and the differential protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: We demonstrated an extensive intra- and inter-tissue co-expression network, which confirms the tissue-specific and integral role of each one of the investigated proteins in morbid obesity. Moreover, a beneficial role of ERβ and NFATc1 against NAFLD is implicated, whereas the distinct roles of TIF2 still remain an enigma. Conclusions: We believe that our findings will shed light on the complex underlying mechanisms and that the investigated biomarkers could represent future targets for the prevention and therapy of obesity and its comorbidities.

Omega‐3 fatty acids in adipose tissue and risk of atrial fibrillation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Andersen Rix ◽  
Pia Dinesen ◽  
Søren Lundbye‐Christensen ◽  
Albert Marni Joensen ◽  
Sam Riahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Role of the AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating fatty acid metabolism during exerciseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled 14th International Biochemistry of Exercise Conference – Muscles as Molecular and Metabolic Machines, and has undergone the Journal’s usual peer review process.

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

During moderate-intensity exercise, fatty acids are the predominant substrate for working skeletal muscle. The release of fatty acids from adipose tissue stores, combined with the ability of skeletal muscle to actively fine tune the gradient between fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism, depending on substrate availability and energetic demands, requires a coordinated system of metabolic control. Over the past decade, since the discovery that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was increased in accordance with exercise intensity, there has been significant interest in the proposed role of this ancient stress-sensing kinase as a critical integrative switch controlling metabolic responses during exercise. In this review, studies examining the role of AMPK as a regulator of fatty acid metabolism in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle during exercise will be discussed. Exercise induces activation of AMPK in adipocytes and regulates triglyceride hydrolysis and esterfication through phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyl-transferase, respectively. In skeletal muscle, exercise-induced activation of AMPK is associated with increases in fatty acid uptake, phosphorylation of HSL, and increased fatty acid oxidation, which is thought to occur via the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-malony-CoA-CPT-1 signalling axis. Despite the importance of AMPK in regulating fatty acid metabolism under resting conditions, recent evidence from transgenic models of AMPK deficiency suggest that alternative signalling pathways may also be important for the control of fatty acid metabolism during exercise.

scholarly journals Novel anti-inflammatory role of SLPI in adipose tissue and its regulation by high fat diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata J Adapala ◽  
Kimberly K Buhman ◽  
Kolapo M Ajuwon
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Anti Inflammatory
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document