Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Adiposity and Alter Glucocorticoid-Associated Transcripts in Epididymal White Adipose Tissue of C57BL/6 Male Mice Raised on a High Fat Diet

It has been established that OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may improve lipid and glucose homeostasis and prevent the “low-grade” state of inflammation in animals. Little is known about the effect of PUFAs on adipocytokines expression and biologically active lipids accumulation under the influence of high-fat diet-induced obesity. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on adipocytokines expression and ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerols (DAG) content in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat fed animals. The experiments were carried out on Wistar rats divided into three groups: standard diet–control (SD), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet + fish oil (HFD+FO). The fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were examined. Expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) protein was determined using the Western blot method. Plasma adipocytokines concentration was measured using ELISA kits and mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR reaction. Cer, DAG, and acyl-carnitine (A-CAR) content was analyzed by UHPLC/MS/MS. The fish oil supplementation significantly decreased plasma insulin concentration and Homeostatic Model Assesment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and reduced content of adipose tissue biologically active lipids in comparison with HFD-fed subjects. The expression of CPT1 protein in HFD+FO in both adipose tissues was elevated, whereas the content of A-CAR was lower in both HFD groups. There was an increase of adiponectin concentration and expression in HFD+FO as compared to HFD group. OMEGA-3 fatty acids supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased content of Cer and DAG in both fat depots. Our results also demonstrate that PUFAs may prevent the development of insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding and may regulate the expression and secretion of adipocytokines in this animal model.

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Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2019.0197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 347-359

Author(s):

D. Valent ◽

L. Arroyo ◽

E. Fàbrega ◽

M. Font-i-Furnols ◽

M. Rodríguez-Palmero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Animal Model ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Food Intake ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat ◽

Brain Functions

The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.

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Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Sirtuin 1 Pathway Contributes to Salvianolic Acid A-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet Fed Male Mice

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.614406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jianfei Lai ◽

Qianyu Qian ◽

Qinchao Ding ◽

Li Zhou ◽

Ai Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Sirt1 Expression ◽

Salvianolic Acid ◽

Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Background: Salvianolic acid A (Sal A), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), exhibits exceptional pharmacological activities against cardiovascular diseases. While a few studies have reported anti-obesity properties of Sal A, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Given the prevalence of obesity and promising potential of browning of white adipose tissue to combat obesity, recent research has focused on herbal ingredients that may promote browning and increase energy expenditure.Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate the protective antiobesity mechanisms of Sal A, in part through white adipose browning.Methods: Both high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese (DIO) male mice model and fully differentiated C3H10T1/2 adipocytes from mouse embryo fibroblasts were employed in this study. Sal A (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administrated to DIO mice by intraperitoneal injection for 13-weeks. Molecular mechanisms mediating effects of Sal A were evaluated.Resluts: Sal A treatment significantly attenuated HFD-induced weight gain and lipid accumulation in epididymal fat pad. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), a specialized thermogenic protein and marker for white adipocyte browning, was significantly induced by Sal A treatment in both white adipose tissues and cultured adipocytes. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that Sal A robustly reversed HFD-decreased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in mice. Genetically silencing either AMPK or SIRT1 using siRNA abolished UCP-1 upregulation by Sal A. AMPK silencing significantly blocked Sal A-increased SIRT1 expression, while SIRT1 silencing did not affect Sal A-upregulated phosphorylated-AMPK. These findings indicate that AMPK was involved in Sal A-increased SIRT1.Conclusion: Sal A increases white adipose tissue browning in HFD-fed male mice and in cultured adipocytes. Thus, Sal is a potential natural therapeutic compound for treating and/or preventing obesity.

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Omega 3 Fatty Acids Promote Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Hamster Fed High Fat Diet

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0061109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. e61109 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Fatima Kasbi Chadli ◽

Hassane Nazih ◽

Michel Krempf ◽

Patrick Nguyen ◽

Khadija Ouguerram

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽

Cholesterol Transport ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat

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Ursolic acid induces white adipose tissue beiging in high-fat-diet obese male mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00924a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ao Sun ◽

Xiaoqin Hu ◽

Huijian Chen ◽

Yulan Ma ◽

Xiyue Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Ursolic Acid ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Signal Pathway ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Obese Male

Ursolic acid increases the secretion of irisin by the PRDM16–PGC-1α–FNDC5 signal pathway to induce beiging of WAT and improve obese conditions.

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Effect of conjugated linoleic acids and omega-3 fatty acids with or without resistance training on muscle mass in high-fat diet-fed middle-aged mice

Experimental Physiology ◽

10.1113/ep086317 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (11) ◽

pp. 1500-1512 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sang-Rok Lee ◽

Andy V. Khamoui ◽

Edward Jo ◽

Michael C. Zourdos ◽

Lynn B. Panton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽

Aged Mice

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Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123652 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3652

Author(s):

Suresh Khadke ◽

Pallavi Mandave ◽

Aniket Kuvalekar ◽

Vijaya Pandit ◽

Manjiri Karandikar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

High Fat

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which an outcome of impaired insulin action and its secretion, is concomitantly associated with lipid abnormalities. The study was designed to evaluate the combinational effect of omega-3 fatty acids (flax and fish oil) and glibenclamide on abnormal lipid profiles, increased blood glucose, and impaired liver and kidney functions in a high fat diet with low streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including its probable mechanism of action. The male Wistar rats (n = 48) were distributed into eight groups. All animal groups except the healthy received a high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. Further, diabetes was developed by low dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Diabetic animals received, omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/kg), along with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg). Both flax and fish oil intervention decreased (p ≤ 0.001) serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and elevated (p ≤ 0.001) high density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level was decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in fish oil-treated rats. However, it remained unaffected in the flax oil treatment group. Both flax and fish oil intervention downregulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes, transcription factors (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c and nuclear factor-κβ), and their regulatory genes i.e., acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factors-α. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression was upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in the fish oil treatment group. Whereas, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid binding protein gene expression were upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in both flax and fish oil intervention group.

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