scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Treatment with Mother Juices and their Single Compounds as Photosensitizers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Sigrun Chrubasik-Hausmann ◽  
Elmar Hellwig ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Ali Al-Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Photodynamic Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Oral Streptococcus ◽  
Planktonic Form ◽  
Mixed Bacteria ◽  
Chokeberry Juice

The potent antimicrobial effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with visible light plus water-filtered infrared-A irradiation and natural compounds as photosensitizers (PSs) have recently been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the antimicrobial effects of aPDT with mother juices against typical cariogenic oral Streptococcus pathogens in their planktonic form and determine its eradication potential on total human salivary bacteria from volunteers. Mother juices of pomegranate, bilberry, and chokeberry at different concentrations were used as PSs. The unweighted (absolute) irradiance was 200 mW cm−2, applied five minutes. Planktonic cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and total mixed bacteria from pooled saliva of volunteers were treated with aPDT. Up to more than 5 log10 of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were killed by aPDT with 0.4% and 0.8% pomegranate juice, 3% and 50% chokeberry juice, and 12.5% bilberry juice (both strains). Concentrations of at least 25% (pomegranate) and >50% (chokeberry and bilberry) eradicated the mixed bacteria in saliva samples. This pilot study has shown that pomegranate mother juice is superior to the berry juices as a multicomponent PS for killing pathogenic oral bacteria with aPDT.

scholarly journals New Pyrimidinone-Fused 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Inhibit the Growth of Drug Resistant Oral Bacteria

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Daseul Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Lee ◽  
Tae Hoon Lee ◽  
Ki-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Background: Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents. Methods/Principal Findings: In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25–50 μg/mL against E. faecalis (CCARM 5511), 6.25–25 μg/mL against E. faecium (KACC11954) and S. aureus (CCARM 3506), 1.56–25 μg/mL against S. epidermidis (KACC 13234), 3.125–100 μg/mL against S. mutans (KACC16833), 1.56–100 μg/mL against S. sobrinus (KCTC5809) and P. gingivalis (KCTC 5352), 3.125–50 μg/mL against A. viscosus (KCTC 9146) and 3.125–12.5 μg/mL against F. nucleatum (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against P. gingivalis. Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity. Conclusion/Significance: Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Activity of Human β-Defensin 3 Alone or Combined with Other Antimicrobial Agents against Oral Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349-3351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppantonio Maisetta ◽  
Giovanna Batoni ◽  
Semih Esin ◽  
Filippo Luperini ◽  
Manuela Pardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) alone or combined with lysozyme, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and chlorhexidine were investigated with the oral bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. hBD-3 showed bactericidal activity against all of the bacterial species tested. The bactericidal effect was enhanced when the peptide was used in combination with the antimicrobial agents mentioned above.

The Influence of Sucralose on Bacterial Metabolism

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Young ◽  
W.H. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Total Inhibition ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Enzyme Ratio

Sucralose (1',4',6' trideoxy-trichloro-galactosucrose) is a nontoxic, intensely sweet sucrose derivative that has been shown to be non-cariogenic in experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether certain oral bacteria could utilize sucralose. Sucralose, as a sole carbon source, was unable to support growth of ten strains of oral bacteria and dental plaque. When sucralose was incorporated into a liquid medium containing glucose or sucrose, all organisms tested displayed similar pH falls, compared with controls. The incorporation of 126 mmol/L sucralose into glucose agar medium caused total inhibition of growth of Streptococcus sobrinus 6715-17, Streptococcus sanguis 10904, Streptococcus sanguis Challis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Actinomyces viscosus WVU627. Sucralose had no effect on IPS production. Sucralose was not bound to, nor taken up by, cells. Sucralose inhibited the formation of glucan and fructan polymers in proportion to the sucralose-to-enzyme ratio, but independent of the sucrose concentration in the assay mixture. No radioactive polymer was formed from 14C-U-sucralose added to mixtures containing glucosyltransferase (GTF) or fructosyltransferase (FTF). Inhibition of GTF and FTF by sucralose was removed following dialysis of the enzyme/sucralose mixture. These results show that sucralose was not utilized by the oral bacteria tested and that the inhibitory effect of sucralose on GTF and FTF was non-competitive and reversible. The results further support the concept that sucralose is non-cariogenic.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variations of Mutans Streptococci Isolated from Dental Caries by REP-PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Hamzah Abdulrahman Salman ◽  
R. Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Core Species ◽  
Banding Profile ◽  
Common Band ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Reference Strains

Mutans streptococci (MS) are a group of oral bacteria considered as the main cariogenic organisms. MS consists of several species of genus Streptococcus which are sharing similar phenotypes and genotypes. The aim of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of the core species of clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus downei by using repitative extragenic palindromic (REP) primer. The DNA of the clinical strains of S. mutans (n=10), S. sobrinus (n=05) and S. downei (n=04) have been employed in the present study, which have been previously isolated from caries active subjects. The DNA of the clinical and reference strains was subjected to PCR amplification using REP primer. The phylogenetic dendrogram is constructed from the REP PCR banding profile by neighbour-joining method using PyElph 1.4 software. The size of the DNA amplicons generated by using REP primer were S. mutans (1500 bp to 250 bp), S. sobrinus (6000 bp to 250 bp) and S. downei (5000 bp to 400 bp). The results present common band at 480 bp in all the clinical strains of S. sobrinus. The current study is the first to demonstrate the genetic variety of S. sobrinus and S. downei by using REP primer. REP-PCR have been found to be a powerful method to study the molecular diversity of S. mutans, S. sobrinus and S. downei. Additionally, further studies are suggested to analyze the species specific bands and also to find the possibility to produce a new specific primer for S. sobrinus.

scholarly journals Polymerase Chain Reaction for detection of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque of children from Cartagena, Colombia

2011 ◽  
pp. 430-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Carmona ◽  
Niradiz Reyes ◽  
Farith González
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: To detect the presence of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in dental plaque of children from Cartagena and correlate it to dental caries precavity stages, applying a standardized PCR-based technique for epidemiological purposes. Methods: Descriptive study using a non-probabilistic sample of 50 children between 3 and 5 years of age, preschoolers from a Caribbean population in Colombia. Criteria for selection were that children should exhibit plaque accumulations on the surface of the cervical margins of the rearmost molars, and placed in one of two study groups: carious lesions and sound surfaces. Dental plaque samples from both groups were subjected to molecular analysis and statistical analysis was applied to determine the difference between the two groups using the frequencies of presence of S. mutans, S. sobrinus or both in the two groups applying Fisher’s exact test for association between the presence of microorganisms and the state of the tooth surface from where the dental plaque was taken. Results: The frequency of S. mutans in carious lesions was 76% and 24% in healthy surfaces. The frequency of S. sobrinus in carious lesions was 81.9% and 18.1% in caries-free surfaces. There was statistical significance between the presence of S. mutans and the presence of caries (p=0.001) and between the presence of S. sobrinus (p=0.02) and the presence of caries. There was no statistical significance between the presence of caries and the simultaneous presence of both microorganisms (p=0.08). Conclusions: The presence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus in dental plaque samples is highly prevalent and associated to non cavitated carious lesions, being the molecular identification of these microorganisms by PCR a sensitive, fast, and easy to use detection method for the mutans group of oral bacteria.

Chalcogenide nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers for synergetic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Garin ◽  
Teresa Alejo ◽  
Vanesa Pérez Laguna ◽  
Martin Prieto ◽  
Gracia Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects

Synergistic antimicrobial effects were observed for copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles together with indocyanine green (ICG) in the elimination of wild type pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa...

scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization Alters Postphagocytosis Survivability of the CommensalStreptococcus gordonii

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Croft ◽  
Sarah Metcalfe ◽  
Kiyonobu Honma ◽  
Jason G. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Oral Streptococcus

ABSTRACTOral streptococci are generally considered commensal organisms; however, they are becoming recognized as important associate pathogens during the development of periodontal disease as well as being associated with several systemic diseases, including as a causative agent of infective endocarditis. An important virulence determinant of these bacteria is an ability to evade destruction by phagocytic cells, yet how this subversion occurs is mostly unknown. UsingStreptococcus gordoniias a model commensal oral streptococcus that is also associated with disease, we find that resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) with an active ability to damage phagosomes allows the bacterium to avoid destruction within macrophages. This ability to survive relies not only on the ROS resistance capabilities of the bacterium but also on ROS production by macrophages, with both being required for maximal survival of internalized bacteria. Importantly, we also show that this dependence on ROS production by macrophages for resistance has functional significance:S. gordoniiintracellular survival increases when macrophages are polarized toward an activated (M1) profile, which is known to result in prolonged phagosomal ROS production compared to that of alternatively (M2) polarized macrophages. We additionally find evidence of the bacterium being capable of both delaying the maturation of and damaging phagosomes. Taken together, these results provide essential insights regarding the mechanisms through which normally commensal oral bacteria can contribute to both local and systemic inflammatory disease.

Antimicrobial effects of a new therapeutic liquid dentifrice formulation on oral bacteria including odorigenic species.

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Sreenivasan ◽  
D. Furgang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
W. DeVizio ◽  
D. H. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects

scholarly journals Differential Utilization of Basic Proline-Rich Glycoproteins during Growth of Oral Bacteria in Saliva

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (17) ◽  
pp. 5249-5258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Jinghua Yang ◽  
Luxia Zhang ◽  
Xuedong Zhou ◽  
John O. Cisar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Intact Protein ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Plaque Biofilm

ABSTRACTAlthough saliva is widely recognized as a primary source of carbon and nitrogen for growth of the dental plaque biofilm community, little is known about how different oral bacteria utilize specific salivary components. To address this question, 32 strains representing 16 genera commonly isolated from early plaque biofilms were compared for growth over two transfers in stimulated (by chewing Parafilm) whole saliva that was stabilized by heat treatment and dialysis. The cell densities, measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), ranged from ∼1 × 106to 1 × 107/ml for strains ofStreptococcus gordonii,Streptococcus oralis, andStreptococcus mitisand one strain ofStreptococcus sanguinis. Strains ofStreptococcus mutans,Gemella haemolysans, andGranulicatella adiacensreached ∼1 × 105to 1 × 106/ml. In contrast, little or no growth was noted for three other strains ofS. sanguinis, as well as for strains ofStreptococcus parasanguinis,Streptococcus salivarius,Streptococcus vestibularis,Streptococcus sobrinus,Actinomycesspp.,Abiotrophia defectiva, andRothia dentocariosa. SDS-PAGE, lectin blotting, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of saliva from cultures ofS. gordonii,S. oralis, andS. mitisrevealed species-specific differences in the degradation of basic proline-rich glycoproteins (PRG). In contrast, saliva from cultures of other bacteria was indistinguishable from control saliva. Species-dependent differences in the utilization of individual host sugars were minor. Thus, differences in salivary glycan foraging between oral species may be important to cross-feeding and cooperation between organisms in dental plaque biofilm development.IMPORTANCEBacteria in the mouth use saliva for nutrition. How each of the many types of bacteria uses saliva is not clear. We show that a major protein in saliva, called PRG, is an important nutrition source for certain bacteria but not for others. PRG has many sugar molecules linked in chains, but the sugar is not available for bacteria until the chains are degraded. The bacteria that can grow by digesting this protein break the sugar chains into parts which not only support their own growth but could also be available to support the growth of those bacteria that cannot use the intact protein.

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