scholarly journals Effects of Calorie Restriction on Health Span and Insulin Resistance: Classic Calorie Restriction Diet vs. Ketosis-Inducing Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Ana Napoleão ◽  
Lívia Fernandes ◽  
Cátia Miranda ◽  
Ana Paula Marum
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Health Span ◽  
Restriction Diet ◽  
Risk Parameters

As the incidence of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCDs) increases, preventive approaches become more crucial. In this review, calorie restriction (CR) effects on human beings were evaluated, comparing the benefits and risks of different CR diets: classic CR vs. ketosis-inducing diets, including intermittent fasting (IF), classic ketogenic diet (CKD), fasting mimicking diet (FMD), very-low-calorie ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) and Spanish ketogenic Mediterranean diet (SKMD). Special emphasis on insulin resistance (IR) was placed, as it mediates metabolic syndrome (MS), a known risk factor for CNCD, and is predictive of MS diagnosis. CR is the most robust intervention known to increase lifespan and health span, with high evidence and known biochemical mechanisms. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and there may be benefits of implementing moderate CR on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. However, there is insufficient evidence to support long-term CR. CKD is effective for weight and MS management, and may have additional benefits such as prevention of muscle loss and appetite control. SKMD has extreme significance benefits for all the metabolic parameters studied. Studies show inconsistent benefits of IF compared to classic CR. More studies are required to study biochemical parameters, reinforce evidence, identify risks, and seek effective and safe nutritional CR approaches.

scholarly journals Effects of Calorie Restriction on Health Span and Insulin Resistance: Classic Calorie Restriction Diet vs Ketosis-Inducing Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Napoleão ◽  
Lívia Fernandes ◽  
Cátia Miranda ◽  
Ana Paula Marum
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Health Span ◽  
Restriction Diet ◽  
Risk Parameters

As Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCD) increase, preventive approaches become more crucial. In this review, Calorie Restriction (CR) effects on human beings were evaluated, comparing benefits and risks of different CR diets: classic CR vs ketosis-inducing diets, including Intermittent Fasting (IF), Classic Ketogenic Diet (CKD), Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD), Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) and Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet (SKMD). Special emphasis on Insulin Resistance (IR) was placed, as it mediates Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a risk factor for CNCD, and predicts MS diagnosis. CR is the most robust intervention known to increase lifespan and health span, with high evidence and known biochemical mechanisms. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and there may be benefits of implementing moderate CR on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. However, there is insufficient evidence to support long-term CR. CKD is effective for weight and MS management, and may have additional benefits such as prevention of muscle loss and appetite control. SKMD has extreme significance benefits for all the metabolic parameters studied. Studies show inconsistent benefits of IF compared to classic CR. More studies are required to study biochemical parameters, reinforce evidence, identify risks, and seek effective and safe nutritional CR approaches.

scholarly journals Comparative Effects of Calorie Restriction on Health Span and Insulin Resistance: Classic Calorie Restriction Diet vs Ketosis-Inducing Diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Napoleão ◽  
Lívia Fernandes ◽  
Cátia Miranda ◽  
Ana Paula Marum
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Health Span ◽  
Restriction Diet ◽  
Risk Parameters

As Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (CNCD) increase, preventive approaches become more crucial. In this review, Calorie Restriction (CR) effects on human beings were evaluated, comparing benefits and risks of different CR diets: classic CR vs ketosis-inducing diets, including Intermittent Fasting (IF), Classic Ketogenic Diet (CKD), Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD), Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) and Spanish Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet (SKMD). Special emphasis on Insulin Resistance (IR) was placed, as it mediates Metabolic Syndrome (MS), a risk factor for CNCD, and predicts MS diagnosis. CR is the most robust intervention known to increase lifespan and health span, with high evidence and known biochemical mechanisms. CR improves cardiometabolic risk parameters, boosts exercise insulin sensitivity response, and there may be benefits of implementing moderate CR on healthy young and middle-aged individuals. However, there is insufficient evidence to support long-term CR. CKD is effective for weight and MS management, and may have additional benefits such as prevention of muscle loss and appetite control. SKMD has extreme significance benefits for all the metabolic parameters studied. Studies show inconsistent benefits of IF compared to classic CR. More studies are required to study biochemical parameters, reinforce evidence, identify risks, and seek effective and safe nutritional CR approaches.

Physiological and Therapeutic Outcomes of Intermittent Fasting versus Calorie-Restriction Diet in Patients suffering from Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-19
Author(s):  
Doreen Susanne Micallef
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Restriction Diet

The main objective of this study was to determine whether an intermittent fasting diet in combination with a CR diet results in better outcomes on risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (such as lowering of triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure decrease in abdominal obesity and an increase in HDL-cholesterol and related weight loss for both male and female patients) than with a conventional CR diet alone. A 12-week retrospective case-control study was carried out and involved 78 females and 22 males who exhibited or were receiving medications for three or more conditions related to metabolic syndrome and who completed the study out of 120 participants at baseline. These were randomly assigned to either a conventional calorie-restriction diet or to an intermittent-fasting diet. Relevant baseline parameters were measured during the first encounter and were then repeated after twelve weeks. Professional contact was maintained on a fortnightly basis for both groups. Subjects randomly assigned to the intermittent fasting diet lost more weight than subjects on a conventional calorie-restriction diet after 12 weeks (mean ± SD, 5.7 ± 3.2 kg vs 11.4 ± 6.4 kg; p < 0.001). There were also statistically significant decreases in waist circumference (10.1 ± 7.2 cm vs 4.5 ± 3.3 cm; p < 0.001), serum triglycerides (0.31 ± 0.29 mmol/l vs 0.16 ± 0.16 mmol/l; p = 0.002), and systolic blood pressure (11.1 ± 8.2 mm Hg vs 5.2 ± 4.8 mm Hg; p < 0.001) and an increase in HDL-cholesterol (0.25 ± 0.16 vs 0.14 ± 0.15 mmol/l; p = 0.001). However, no statistically significant changes in diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were recorded. The intermittent fasting diet gave better weight loss outcomes (6.67% vs 12.35%) than did the conventional calorie restriction diet when compared to the baseline weight after the conclusion of the 12-week programme. The intermittent fasting diet was also associated with statistically significant improvements in four out of the six parameters measured and associated with metabolic syndrome. Longer-term studies are required to determine whether these outcomes will be maintained over longer periods of time assuming that there is compliance by the participants.

scholarly journals Intermittent fasting: is there a role in the treatment of diabetes? A review of the literature and guide for primary care physicians

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Albosta ◽  
Jesse Bakke
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medicinal Treatment

Abstract Background Type 2 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that causes numerous complications with significant long-term morbidity and mortality. The disorder is primarily due to insulin resistance particularly in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. In this review, we detail the hormonal mechanisms leading to the development of diabetes and discuss whether intermittent fasting should be considered as an alternative, non-medicinal treatment option for patients with this disorder. Methods We searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases for review articles, clinical trials, and case series related to type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and intermittent fasting. Articles were carefully reviewed and included based on relevance to our topic. We excluded abstracts and any non-English articles. Results The majority of the available research demonstrates that intermittent fasting is effective at reducing body weight, decreasing fasting glucose, decreasing fasting insulin, reducing insulin resistance, decreasing levels of leptin, and increasing levels of adiponectin. Some studies found that patients were able to reverse their need for insulin therapy during therapeutic intermittent fasting protocols with supervision by their physician. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that intermittent fasting is an effective non-medicinal treatment option for type 2 diabetes. More research is needed to delineate the effects of intermittent fasting from weight loss. Physicians should consider educating themselves regarding the benefits of intermittent fasting. Diabetic patients should consult their physician prior to beginning an intermittent fasting regimen in order to allow for appropriate oversight and titration of the patients medication regimen during periods of fasting.

scholarly journals Association of Long-term Change in Waist Circumference With Insulin Resistance

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyong Park ◽  
Duk-Hee Lee ◽  
Darin J. Erickson ◽  
John H. Himes ◽  
James M. Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Term Change

scholarly journals Boomerang hiring: Strategy for sustainable development in COVID-19 era

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Penumadu V. Raveendra ◽  
Yellappa M. Satish
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND: Many companies are forced to restructure themselves by right sizing due to unexpected fall in demand for their products and services created by the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID 19 not only affected the health of human beings but also their wealth across the world. Global economic parameters are showing a sign of positive growth with decreased number of COVID 19 cases across the world. Many companies are in a dilemma to rehire their former employees or to hire the new candidates to meet the increased demand. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of study are i) to analyze the key drivers for boomerang hiring and ii) to develop a conceptual process for boomerang hiring. METHODS: An exploratory methodology was designed to identify the key drivers of boomerang hiring by studying the various successful stories of those companies which had rehired their former employees. Various papers were reviewed to develop the process for boomerang hiring. RESULTS: Study showed that knowledge about the culture of the company, cost of hiring, morale booster for the existing employees, and customer retention, are the key drivers for boomerang hiring. This hiring process requires special skills from HR Managers, as this decision will impact long term success of the company. CONCLUSION: The process of boomerang hiring cannot be standardized as each organization culture is different and companies cannot have the same strategy for each candidate as every individual is different. Boomerang hiring will work as the right strategy during pandemic situation as former employees would have built relations with the customers. The customers will be happy to see the former employees who had served them better.

scholarly journals Interaction of physical activity and diet: implications for insulin-glucose dynamics

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3a) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractIn Western countries 25–35% of the population have insulin resistance syndrome characteristics.The defects most likely to explain the insulin resistance of the insulin resistance syndrome include: 1) the glucose transport system of skeletal muscle (GLUT-4) and its different signalling proteins and enzymes; 2) glucose phosphorylation by hexokinase; 3) glycogen synthase activity and 4) competition between glucose and fatty acid oxidation (glucose-fatty acid cycle).High carbohydrate/low fat diets deteriorate insulin sensitivity on the short term. Howewer, on the long term, high fat/low carbohydrate diets have a lower satiating power, induce low leptin levels and eventually lead to higher energy consumption, obesity and more insulin resistance. Moderately high-carbohydrate (45–55% of the daily calories)/low-fat diets seem to be a good choice with regard to the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors as far as the carbohydrates are rich in fibers.Long-term interventions with regular exercise programs show a 1/3 decrease in the appearance of overt diabetes in glucose intolerant subjects. Furthermore, diet and exercise interventions "normalise" the mortality rate of patients with impared glucose tolerance.Therefore, moderately high carbohydrate/low fat diets are most likely to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes. Triglycerides should be monitored and, in some cases, a part of the carbohydrates could be replaced by fat rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. However, total caloric intake is of utmost importance, as weight gain is the major determinant for the onset of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.Regular (when possible daily) exercise, decreases cardiovascular risk. With regard to insulin resistance, resistance training seems to offer some advantages over aerobic endurance activities.

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