scholarly journals Association of Long-term Change in Waist Circumference With Insulin Resistance

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyong Park ◽  
Duk-Hee Lee ◽  
Darin J. Erickson ◽  
John H. Himes ◽  
James M. Shikany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Term Change

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

The Waist Circumference That Predicts Insulin Resistance in Africans Is Higher in Women than Men—A Population-Specific Study

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1620-P
Author(s):  
JEAN DAMASCENE KABAKAMBIRA ◽  
SARA M. BRIKER ◽  
RAFEAL L. BAKER ◽  
AMBER B. COURVILLE ◽  
LILIAN MABUNDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Specific Study

Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Graven ◽  
R. F. Keeling ◽  
S. C. Piper ◽  
P. K. Patra ◽  
B. B. Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Global Carbon

Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.

scholarly journals Association between fasting insulin and C-reactive protein among adults without diabetes using a two-part model: NHANES 2005–2010

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Missel ◽  
Laura R. Saslow ◽  
Dina H. Griauzde ◽  
Donna Marvicsin ◽  
Ananda Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Part Model

Abstract Introduction Chronic inflammation is associated with the development, progression and long-term complications of type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, and thus has become the focus of many screening and treatment recommendations. We hypothesize that insulin may also be associated with inflammation and may be an additional factor to consider in screening and treatment. Methods This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2010 to analyze the association between fasting insulin and C-reactive protein (CRP). A two-part model was used due to the high number of values reported as 0.1 mg/L. Two models were analyzed, both with and without the addition of waist circumference to other covariates in the model. Results The final sample included 4527 adults with a mean age of 43.31 years. In the first model, higher fasting insulin was associated with increased odds of CRP > 0.1 mg/L (OR = 1.02, p < .001) and with higher CRP (β = 0.03, p < .001). In the adjusted model, including waist circumference as a covariate, higher fasting insulin was not associated with CRP > 0.1 mg/L (OR = 1.00, p = .307) but the association between higher fasting insulin and higher continuous CRP remained significant (β = 0.01, p = .012). Conclusion This study found that higher fasting insulin is associated with higher CRP. These results suggest that treatment approaches that simultaneously decrease insulin levels as well as glucose levels may provide additive anti-inflammatory effects, and therefore may improve long-term outcomes for adults with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals "Communist" dispossession meets "reactionary" resistance

Focaal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (54) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Projit Bihari Mukharji
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
Set Up

The reflections in this article were instigated by the repeated and brutal clashes since 2007 between peasants and the state government’s militias—both official and unofficial—over the issue of industrialization. A communist government engaging peasants violently in order to acquire and transfer their lands to big business houses to set up capitalist enterprises seemed dramatically ironic. De- spite the presence of many immediate causes for the conflict, subtle long-term change to the nature of communist politics in the state was also responsible for the present situation. This article identifies two trends that, though significant, are by themselves not enough to explain what is happening in West Bengal today. First, the growth of a culture of governance where the Communist Party actively seeks to manage rather than politicize social conflicts; second, the recasting of radical political subjectivity as a matter of identity rather than an instigation for critical self-reflection and self-transformation.

scholarly journals POS0561 OBESITY PHENOTYPES IN EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 515.1-515
Author(s):  
Y. Gorbunova ◽  
T. Popkova ◽  
L. Kondrateva ◽  
M. Cherkasova ◽  
E. Nasonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Early Ra ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Background:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and obesity have a lower risk of early death than patients with normal weight due to the so-called “obesity paradox”. Available publications discuss three phenotypes of obesity: classical obesity, metabolically healthy overweight/obesity, and latent obesity (normal weight associated with metabolic disorders, most importantly - with insulin resistance and adipocytokines imbalance).Objectives:To clarify the prevalence of obesity phenotypes and to identify factors predisposing to «latent obesity» in early RA without diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia.Methods:The study included 35 pts (23 women, 12 men) with early RA (criteria ACR / EULAR, 2010), 56 [43,0; 60,0] years old, naïve to treatment with glucocorticoids and disease-modifying anti-rheumatics, without established diabetes mellitus. Pts were seropositive for IgM RF and anti-CCP, with highly active RA (DAS28 5,9 [5,2; 6,4]; SDAI 35,4 [27,0; 45,8], and CDAI 31,0 [26,0; 44,0]) scores, and median disease duration of 8.0 [6,0;15.0] months. Electrochemiluminescence assay Elecsys (Roche Diagnostics) was used to measure patients’ insulin levels, and ELISA (DBS – Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc.) - for evaluation of serum leptin concentrations. Insulin resistance (IR) was defined as Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index (HOMA-IR) ≥2,77. Leptin levels were considered elevated at values ≥11,1 ng/ml for women, ≥5,6 ng/ml for men. The overweight/obesity status was determined by World Health Organization criteria in pts with body mass index (BMI) ≥25kg/m2.Results:Overweight/obesity were documented in 19 (54, 3%) pts with early RA, 4/19 (21%) had high leptin levels and IR, 11/19 (58%) had isolated hyperleptinemia. Normal BMI was found in 16 (45,7%) pts with early RA, 2/16 (12,5%) had elevated leptin levels and IR, and 6/16 (37,5%) – only hyperleptinemia. Four (21%) out of 19 overweight and 8 (50%) out of 16 pts with normal BMI did not show any metabolic disorders (p=0,02). Сlassical obesity was found in 15 (43%), and latent obesity – in 8 (23%) pts with early RA. Leptin levels correlated with waist circumference (r=0,58, p=0,02), BMI (r=0,71, p=0,0006), ESR (r=0,5, p=0,02) in the overweight/obese pts, and with waist circumference (r=0,59, p=0,03), IgM RF (r=0,58, p=0,03), triglyceride levels (r=0,77, p=0,003), and atherogenic index (r=0,62, p=0,03) in pts with normal weight.Conclusion:The classical obesity phenotype associated with abdominal obesity and inflammation was the most common and prevailing over other phenotypes in early RA. Latent obesity was less common and was associated with an unfavorable lipid profile and accumulation of abdominal fat, therefore increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in RA. Metabolically healthy overweight/obesity in early RA was really a rare phenotype.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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