scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Stress and Anxiety, Body Mass Index, Eating Disorder Symptomatology, and Body Image in Women from Poland: A Cluster Analysis Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Kamila Czepczor-Bernat ◽  
Viren Swami ◽  
Adriana Modrzejewska ◽  
Justyna Modrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Healthy Body

To limit the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), many countries have introduced mandated lockdown or social distancing measures. Although these measures may be successful against COVID-19 transmission, the pandemic and attendant restrictions are a source of chronic and severe stress and anxiety which may contribute to the emergence or worsening of symptoms of eating disorders and the development of negative body image. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to: (1) classify different conditions associated with COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status; and (2) analyze and compare the severity of dimensions typically related to eating disorders symptomatology and body image in individuals with different COVID-19-related stress, COVID-19-related anxiety, and weight status. Polish women (N = 671, Mage = 32.50 ± 11.38) completed measures of COVID-19-related stress and anxiety along with body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and bulimia symptomatology subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory, and the appearance evaluation, overweight preoccupation, and body areas satisfaction subscales of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. The following four clusters were identified through cluster analysis: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 269), healthy body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 3.06) and anxiety (M = 2.96); (b) Cluster 2 (N = 154), healthy body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.43) and anxiety (M = 5.29); (c) Cluster 3 (N = 127), excess body weight and high COVID-related stress (M = 5.23) and anxiety (M = 5.35); (d) Cluster 4 (N = 121), excess body weight and low COVID-related stress (M = 2.69) and anxiety (M = 2.83). Our results showed that Clusters 3 and 4 had significantly greater body dissatisfaction and lower appearance evaluation and body areas satisfaction than Clusters 1 and 2. Cluster 3 also had a significantly higher level of drive for thinness, bulimia, and overweight preoccupation than Clusters 1 and 2. These preliminary findings may mean that the COVID-19 pandemic and attendant anxiety and stress caused by the pandemic are exacerbating symptoms of eating disorders and negative body image, with women with excess weight particularly at risk.

scholarly journals Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dania Mirza Ramadhanty ◽  
Bernie Endyarni Medise
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image. 

Embodiment and the Meaning of the “Healthy Body”: An Exploration of First Nations Women’s Perspectives of Healthy Body Weight and Body Image

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Poudrier ◽  
Janice Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body ◽  
First Nations Women

Obesity and its associated health risks have been identified as areas of concern for First Nations women, however, very little is known about the cultural, gendered and historical meanings or experiences of healthy body weight and healthy body image from the perspectives of First Nations women. This article describes the first phase of a project that explores these issues from the perspective of First Nations women living in rural communities of the Battleford Tribal Council (BTC) region of Saskatchewan. We describe the start up phase of our community-based research program. We detail the processes involved in the development of our research team and the research project, including a community consultation (a sharing circle and focus group) that was held with six BTC women. We also describe the outcomes of the consultation, which was intended to provide an appropriate direction for our research program and to gain an understanding of BTC women’s perspectives on healthy body weight and body image. Through our analysis, we identify three interconnected themes related to perceptions of the “healthy body” in the context of BTC communities. These themes are: 1) the importance of Elder knowledge and traditional values in promoting community wellness; 2) the importance of understanding family history and the role of women; and 3) the need to better understand the practical aspects of purchasing and preparing healthy food. As such, we suggest that in order to enhance community programming related to healthy body weight and body image, it is essential to understand the ways in which First Nations women experience and give meaning to their bodies and the “healthy body” in the socio-cultural and historical context of the BTC communities. We also suggest that further exploration of these meanings with BTC women, analyzed with the concept of “embodiment”—which addresses the complex intersections between the physical body and the socio-cultural experiences of the body—will constitute an important second phase of our work.

scholarly journals The impact of cognitive restructuring and self-compassion strategies on negative body image among women with higher body weight: an experimental investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Alysha David
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Impact

Individuals with higher body weight are at a greater risk of having negative body image (Friedman & Brownell, 1995). Yet current body image interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), are largely tested with individuals with normal weight or individuals with eating disorders. Furthermore, cognitive restructuring, one of the key components of CBT for body image (Alleva et al., 2015), relies on the assumption that negative cognitions or appraisals regarding the body are unbalanced or distorted in some way. However, people with higher body weight are 50% more likely to experience major discrimination based on their weight status and thus may possess some “evidence” from lived experience of weight bias that would lend support to their negative body-related thoughts (Puhl & Brownell, 2001; 2006). The use of compassion-focused approaches might be particularly helpful in overcoming these obstacles. Self-compassion refers to the capacity for mindfully reflecting on one’s own perceived flaws, mistakes, or wrongdoings with kindness and with an appreciation for the inherent imperfection in everyone (Neff, 2013). The present study tested the impact of various thinking strategies for managing negative body image in women with higher body weight after getting on the scale, a commonly distressing body image trigger (Ogden & Evans, 1996). Participants (N = 79) were recruited from the community and screened for moderate body dissatisfaction. They were randomly assigned to receive a single training session in cognitive restructuring (CR), self-compassion (SC), or distraction (Control) strategies after being weighed. Participants in all three of the groups reported improvements in body dissatisfaction and negative affect immediately following the training. Relative to those in the Control group, those participants who received training in CR or SC strategies reported greater improvements in body image, body image flexibility, self-compassion, and cognitive distortions one week after the training. These findings suggest that CR and SC strategies may be helpful in improving the distress associated with being weighed among women with higher body weight. The results may have broader implications for the development of psychosocial interventions focused on improving body image among these individuals.

scholarly journals Do COVID-19-Related Stress, Being Overweight, and Body Dissatisfaction Contribute to More Disordered Eating in Polish Women?—A Cluster Analysis Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13100
Author(s):  
Kamila Czepczor-Bernat ◽  
Justyna Modrzejewska ◽  
Adriana Modrzejewska ◽  
Paweł Matusik
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
High Body ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Healthy Body

We hypothesized that women who are overweight, experiencing COVID-19-related stress, and with high body dissatisfaction would have significantly greater disordered eating than those of healthy weight, without stress, and with low body dissatisfaction. Participants (N = 1354 women; Mage= 31.89 years, SD = 11.14) filled in the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, the Eating Motivation Survey, the Mindful Eating Questionnaire, and a COVID-19-related stress measure and sociodemographic survey. The cluster analysis technique revealed four distinct clusters: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 314): healthy body weight, no COVID-related stress, and low body dissatisfaction (M = 1.19); (b) Cluster 2 (N = 131): overweight, no COVID-related stress, and high body dissatisfaction (M = 2.41); (c) Cluster 3 (N = 597): healthy body weight, COVID-related stress, and low body dissatisfaction (M = 1.27); (d) Cluster 4 (N = 312): overweight, COVID-related stress, and high body dissatisfaction (M = 2.84). Generally, our outcomes partially support our hypothesis, as higher levels of some types of disordered eating were observed in women who were overweight with COVID-related stress and high body dissatisfaction (Cluster 4) as compared with women with healthy body weight, no COVID-related stress, and with low levels of body dissatisfaction (Cluster 1). Our results indicate that both body weight status, as well as COVID-19-related stress and body dissatisfaction, may contribute to the intensity of disordered eating. During future epidemic-related quarantines, this may be an argument in favor of organizing support regarding emotional functioning, body image, and eating behaviors, particularly for the most vulnerable groups—including overweight and obese women.

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

Healthy Body Weight may Modify Effect of Abnormal Birth Weight on Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents

Obesity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-469
Author(s):  
Bin Dong ◽  
Yan-Hui Dong ◽  
Zhao-Geng Yang ◽  
Xi-Jie Wang ◽  
Zhi-Yong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Modify Effect ◽  
Healthy Body

scholarly journals Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Jessica M. Dollar ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Susan P. Keane ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.

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