Higher Dietary Inflammation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study in Korea

Inflammation is a risk factor for the onset and progression of schizophrenia, and dietary factors are related to chronic inflammation. We investigated whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) is associated with schizophrenia in the Korean population. Of the 256 subjects who responded to the questionnaire, 184 subjects (117 controls; 67 individuals with schizophrenia) were included in this case-control study. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the dietary intakes of the study participants. The energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) was used to assess the inflammatory potential of the participants’ diets. Dietary intakes of vitamin C, niacin, and folate were significantly reduced in the patients with schizophrenia. The patients with schizophrenia had higher E-DII scores than the controls (p = 0.011). E-DII was positively associated with schizophrenia (odds ratio = 1.254, p = 0.010). The additional analysis confirmed that E-DII was significantly associated with schizophrenia, especially in the third tertile group of E-DII scores (odds ratio = 2.731, p = 0.016). Our findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia have more pro-inflammatory diets.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index score and risk of developing endometriosis: A case–control study

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders ◽

10.1177/2284026520967599 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 228402652096759

Author(s):

Clarissa Viana Demézio da Silva ◽

Valéria Lauriana Felipe ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R Hebert ◽

Jamila Alessandra Perini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Categorical Variable ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Multivariable Adjustment ◽

Control Study

The possible relationship between chronic inflammation from dietary exposure and endometriosis has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and endometriosis. Women with endometriotic lesions were defined as cases ( n = 59), and controls ( n = 59) had no visible ectopic endometrium sites. Body mass index (BMI=weight(kg)/height(m)2) was calculated from measured height and weight and waist circumference was measured. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the DII score. Women with endometriosis were younger, thinner; and had a more pro-inflammatory diet and more pain (dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, deep dyspareunia), than controls. Women with higher DII scores (>0.86) were more likely to have endometriosis and to present with dyspareunia. Results obtained from modeling DII as a categorical variable in relation to risk of endometriosis showed a near tripling of risk (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.13–6.77) for women with DII >0.86 versus those with DII ⩽ 0.86, after adjusting for age and BMI. After multivariable adjustment, women with DII > 0.86 were four times more likely to have endometriosis compared to women with DII ⩽ 0.86 (OR = 4.14; 95% CI= 1.50–11.4). In conclusion, a pro-inflammatory diet was significantly associated with endometriosis.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index and Odds of Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps in a Case-Control Study from Iran

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1213 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pegah Rafiee ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Saeede Jaafari Nasab ◽

Alireza Bahrami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Adenomatous Polyps ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Inflammatory Score ◽

Control Study

Background: Chronic inflammation is implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursor; colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP). Some dietary factors are important triggers for systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and the risk of CRC and CAP in an Iranian case-control study. Methods: 134 newly diagnosed CRC patients, 130 newly diagnosed CAP patients, and 240 hospitalized controls were recruited using convenience sampling. Energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a reproducible and valid 148-item food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for confounders. Results: The E-DII score ranged between −4.23 (the most anti-inflammatory score) to +3.89 (the most pro-inflammatory score). The multivariable-adjusted ORs for participants in the 3rd tertile compared to the 1st tertile was 5.08 (95%CI: 2.70–9.56; P-trend < 0.0001) for CRC and 2.33 (95% CI: 1.30–4.02; P-trend = 0.005) for CAP. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that more pro-inflammatory diets, indicated by higher E-DII scores, might increase the risk of both CRC and CAP. Future steps should include testing these associations in a prospective setting in Iran.

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Association between dietary inflammatory index and endometriosis risk in a case-control study

Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders ◽

10.1177/2284026520984415 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 228402652098441

Author(s):

Samaneh Youseflu ◽

Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh ◽

Azadeh Mottaghi ◽

Malihe Nasiri

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Multivariable Adjustment ◽

Control Study

Background: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue in extra uterine structures that causes pain, infertility and reduced quality of life. Diet plays an important role in the modulation of endometriosis. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and the endometriosis compared to healthy people in a case-control study in Iran. Methods: This study included 78 women with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and 78 women with normal pelvis. The DII was calculated from dietary intake assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. The association between DII scores (divided in tertiles) and endometriosis risk was investigated using logistic regression analysis and reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, energy, BMI, education, para, smoking, pelvic pain, menorrhagia, stage of endometriosis, physical activity, and income. Results: In the age-adjusted models, subjects who consumed more pro-inflammatory diets (the upper tertile of DII) had an OR of 2.24 (95% CI = 2.03, 3.91) as compared to subjects in the lowest tertile. Also after multivariable adjustment, women in the highest tertile of DII (versus lowest tertile) were more likely to have endometriosis (OR 2.63; 95% CI 1.88–2.91, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Our results suggest that women with more consumption of pro-inflammatory diet were at increased endometriosis risk.

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Dietary Inflammatory Index is Directly Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a case‐control study

Clinical Endocrinology ◽

10.1111/cen.14672 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elnaz Zirak Sharkesh ◽

Seyed Ali Keshavarz ◽

Leila Nazari ◽

Behnood Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Control Study

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Dietary inflammatory index and odds of coronary artery disease in a case-control study from Jordan

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2018.11.027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63-64 ◽

pp. 98-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lana M. Agraib ◽

Mohammed Azab ◽

Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat ◽

Sabika S. Allehdan ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Control Study

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Dietary inflammatory index and risk of multiple sclerosis: Findings from a large population-based incident case–control study

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 3402-3407 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ibrahim Abdollahpour ◽

Dejan Jakimovski ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Farhad Vahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Incident Case ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Control Study

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High dietary inflammatory index scores are associated with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a case–control study

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c8fo01190g ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 5832-5842 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao-Yan Wang ◽

Ai-Ping Fang ◽

Pei-Yan Chen ◽

Gong-Cheng Liao ◽

Yao-Jun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Index Score ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Control Study

A higher dietary inflammatory index score, representing a more inflammatory diet, is associated with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Dietary inflammatory index and risk of esophageal squamous cell cancer in a case–control study from Italy

Cancer Causes & Control ◽

10.1007/s10552-015-0636-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1439-1447 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Nitin Shivappa ◽

Antonella Zucchetto ◽

Diego Serraino ◽

Marta Rossi ◽

Carlo La Vecchia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Squamous Cell Cancer ◽

Cell Cancer ◽

Case Control ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Control Study

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The association between dietary inflammatory index and gastric cancer: A case control study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30757/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Mujtaba Barekzai ◽

Azadeh Aminianfar ◽

Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽

Ahmad Esmaillzadeh

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Dietary Assessment ◽

Positive Association ◽

Case Control ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background No report is available about diet-disease associations in the understudied region of Afghanistan. Although inflammatory potential of diet has been linked with several cancers, information about gastric cancer is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and odds of gastric cancer in Afghanistan. Methods In this hospital-based case-control study, we enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed cases of gastric cancer and 180 age (± 5) and sex-matched controls. All cases were pathologically confirmed gastric cancer patients, with no history of any type of other pathologically confirmed cancers. Controls were healthy individuals and relatives of patients in the hospital. Dietary assessment was done by a pre-tested food frequency questionnaire. DII was calculated based on energy-adjusted amounts of several foods and nutrients with inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential, as introduced by earlier studies. Results Mean age of study participants was 54 years, of them 73% were males. After adjustment for age and sex, individuals in the highest tertile of DII were 2.47 times (95% CI: 1.31–4.66) more likely to have gastric cancer compared with those in the lowest tertile. Further adjustment for other potential confounders did not substantially affect the association; such that participants with the greatest DII had approximately 3.59 times (95% CI: 1.16, 11.02) increased odds of gastric cancer than those with the lowest adherence. Additional adjustment for BMI strengthened the association (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.14–12.30). Conclusion We found a significant positive association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of gastric cancer. Further studies with prospective nature are required to confirm this association.

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