scholarly journals The Effects of Lifestyle and Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition, Inflammation and Muscle Performance in Our Aging Society

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Barbara Strasser ◽  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Christopher Weyh ◽  
Karsten Krüger ◽  
Andrea Ticinesi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Living longer is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including impairments of the musculoskeletal and immune system as well as metabolic disorders and certain cancers, each of which can negatively affect the relationship between host and microbiota up to the occurrence of dysbiosis. On the other hand, lifestyle factors, including regular physical exercise and a healthy diet, can affect skeletal muscle and immune aging positively at all ages. Accordingly, health benefits could partly depend on the effect of such interventions that influence the biodiversity and functionality of intestinal microbiota. In the present review, we first discuss the physiological effects of aging on the gut microbiota, immune system, and skeletal muscle. Secondly, we describe human epidemiological evidence about the associations between physical activity and fitness and the gut microbiota composition in older adults. The third part highlights the relevance and restorative mechanisms of immune protection through physical activity and specific exercise interventions during aging. Fourth, we present important research findings on the effects of exercise and protein as well as other nutrients on skeletal muscle performance in older adults. Finally, we provide nutritional recommendations to prevent malnutrition and support healthy active aging with a focus on gut microbiota. Key nutrition-related concerns include the need for adequate energy and protein intake for preventing low muscle mass and a higher demand for specific nutrients (e.g., dietary fiber, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids) that can modify the composition, diversity, and metabolic capacity of the gut microbiota, and may thus provide a practical means of enhancing gut and systemic immune function.

scholarly journals Can Physical Activity Influence Human Gut Microbiota Composition Independently of Diet? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1890
Author(s):  
Barbara Dorelli ◽  
Francesca Gallè ◽  
Corrado De Vito ◽  
Guglielmo Duranti ◽  
Matteo Iachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) influences the human gut microbiota composition, but its role is unclear because of dietary interference. The aim of this review is to clarify this issue from this new perspective in healthy individuals. Articles analyzing intestinal microbiota from fecal samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were selected by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. For each study, methodological quality was assessed, and results about microbiota biodiversity indices, phylum and genus composition, and information on PA and diet were considered. From 997 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies involved athletes, three were performed on active people classified on the basis of habitual PA level, and two among sedentary subjects undergoing exercise interventions. The majority of the studies reported higher variability and prevalence of the phylum Firmicutes (genera Ruminococcaceae or Fecalibacteria) in active compared to inactive individuals, especially in athletes. The assessment of diet as a possible confounder of PA/exercise effects was completed only in four studies. They reported a similar abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, which are involved in metabolic, protective, structural, and histological functions. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Sleep timing is associated with gut microbiota composition in older adults with insomnia

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. S350
Author(s):  
T. Shochat ◽  
F. Magzal ◽  
S. Tamir ◽  
M. Agmon ◽  
I. Haimov
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Physical activity regulates the intestinal microbiota composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Darja Barlič-Maganja
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Communication Pathway

Gut microbiota is the name given today to the bacterial population living in our intestine. It provides nutrients, metabolites and affects the immune system. Recent animals and human studies suggest that regular physical activity increases the presence of beneficial microbial species of gut microbiota and improves the health status of the host. When gut bacteria diversity reduces, there are systemic consequences leading to gastrointestinal, physiological and psychological distress. This review describes the communication pathway of the microbiota-gut-brain axes and other possible mechanisms by which physical activity causes changes in microbiota composition. Furthermore, it provides the latest evidence of the beneficial role of exercise, which in turn can affect health and various disease processes. The results of research studies in this area are increasingly becoming a focus of scientific attention.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition in Male Rat Models under Different Nutritional Status and Physical Activity and Its Association with Serum Leptin and Ghrelin Levels

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e65465 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño ◽  
Luisa María Seoane ◽  
Mora Murri ◽  
María Pardo ◽  
Juan Miguel Gomez-Zumaquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Long-Lasting Effects of Early-Life Antibiotic Treatment and Routine Animal Handling on Gut Microbiota Composition and Immune System in Pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0116523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirkjan Schokker ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Stéphanie A. Vastenhouw ◽  
Hans G. H. J. Heilig ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Physical Performance in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2936
Author(s):  
Maija Marttinen ◽  
Reeta Ala-Jaakkola ◽  
Arja Laitila ◽  
Markus J. Lehtinen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Among athletes, nutrition plays a key role, supporting training, performance, and post-exercise recovery. Research has primarily focused on the effects of diet in support of an athletic physique; however, the role played by intestinal microbiota has been much neglected. Emerging evidence has shown an association between the intestinal microbiota composition and physical activity, suggesting that modifications in the gut microbiota composition may contribute to physical performance of the host. Probiotics represent a potential means for beneficially influencing the gut microbiota composition/function but can also impact the overall health of the host. In this review, we provide an overview of the existing studies that have examined the reciprocal interactions between physical activity and gut microbiota. We further evaluate the clinical evidence that supports the effects of probiotics on physical performance, post-exercise recovery, and cognitive outcomes among athletes. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms of action through which probiotics affect exercise outcomes. In summary, beneficial microbes, including probiotics, may promote health in athletes and enhance physical performance and exercise capacity. Furthermore, high-quality clinical studies, with adequate power, remain necessary to uncover the roles that are played by gut microbiota populations and probiotics in physical performance and the modes of action behind their potential benefits.

scholarly journals Impact of Proton-Pump Inhibitor Use on Gut Microbiota Composition and Other Markers of Health in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S234-S234
Author(s):  
Kelly R Reveles ◽  
R Joel Moore ◽  
Reese A Cosimi ◽  
Caitlin N Ryan ◽  
Luisa S Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition: results from the Milieu Intérieur cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1472-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Partula ◽  
Stanislas Mondot ◽  
Marion J Torres ◽  
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot ◽  
Mélanie Deschasaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Usual Diet ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACT Background Diet is widely recognized as one of the main modifiable drivers of gut microbiota variability, and its influence on microbiota composition is an active area of investigation. Objective The present work aimed to explore the associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition in a large sample of healthy French adults. Methods Gut microbiota composition was established through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in stool samples from 862 healthy French adults of the Milieu Intérieur study. Usual dietary consumptions were determined through the administration of a food-frequency questionnaire. The associations between dietary variables and α- and β-diversity indexes and relative taxa abundances were tested using Spearman correlations, permutational ANOVAs, and multivariate analyses with linear models, respectively. Results Foods generally considered as healthy (raw fruits, fish) were positively associated with α-diversity, whereas food items for which a limited consumption is generally recommended (fried products, sodas or sugary drinks, fatty sweet products, processed meats, ready-cooked meals, and desserts) were negatively associated with α-diversity. Fruits, fried products, ready-cooked meals, and cheese contributed to shifts within microbiota composition (β-diversity). Our results also highlighted a number of associations between various food group intakes and abundances of specific phyla, genera, and species. For instance, the consumption of cheese was negatively associated with Akkermansia muciniphila abundance. Conclusions This large-scale population-based study supports that the usual consumption of certain food items is associated with several gut microbial features, and extends the mechanistic arguments linking Western diet to an altered microbiota composition. These results provide new insights into the understanding of complex diet–gut microbiota relations, and their implications for host health deserve further investigation because altered microbiota diversity was consistently linked to increased risk of several health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01699893.

scholarly journals Oral Administration ofPorphyromonas gingivalisAlters the Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Kato ◽  
Kyoko Yamazaki ◽  
Mayuka Nakajima ◽  
Yasuhiro Date ◽  
Jun Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease induced by periodontopathic bacteria likePorphyromonas gingivalisis demonstrated to increase the risk of metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Although precise mechanisms for this connection have not been elucidated, we have proposed mechanisms by which orally administered periodontopathic bacteria might induce changes in gut microbiota composition, barrier function, and immune system, resulting in an increased risk of diseases characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests a profound effect of altered gut metabolite profiles on overall host health. Therefore, it is possible thatP. gingivaliscan affect these metabolites. To test this, C57BL/6 mice were administered withP. gingivalisW83 orally twice a week for 5 weeks and compared with sham-inoculated mice. The gut microbial communities were analyzed by pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA genes. Inferred metagenomic analysis was used to determine the relative abundance of KEGG pathways encoded in the gut microbiota. Serum metabolites were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics coupled with multivariate statistical analyses. Oral administration ofP. gingivalisinduced a change in gut microbiota composition. The distributions of metabolic pathways differed between the two groups, including those related to amino acid metabolism and, in particular, the genes for phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. Also, alanine, glutamine, histidine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine were significantly increased in the serum ofP. gingivalis-administered mice. In addition to altering immune modulation and gut barrier function, oral administration ofP. gingivalisaffects the host’s metabolic profile. This supports our hypothesis regarding a gut-mediated systemic pathology resulting from periodontal disease.IMPORTANCEIncreasing evidence suggest that alterations of the gut microbiome underlie metabolic disease pathology by modulating gut metabolite profiles. We have shown that orally administeredPorphyromonas gingivalis, a representative periodontopathic bacterium, alters the gut microbiome; that may be a novel mechanism by which periodontitis increases the risk of various diseases. Given the association between periodontal disease and metabolic diseases, it is possible thatP. gingivaliscan affect the metabolites. Metabolite profiling analysis demonstrated that several amino acids related to a risk of developing diabetes and obesity were elevated inP. gingivalis-administered mice. Our results revealed that the increased risk of various diseases byP. gingivalismight be mediated at least in part by alteration of metabolic profiles. The findings should add new insights into potential links between periodontal disease and systemic disease for investigators in periodontal disease and also for investigators in the field of other diseases, such as metabolic diseases.

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