Both Isocarbohydrate and Hypercarbohydrate Fruit Preloads Curbed Postprandial Glycemic Excursion in Healthy Subjects

This study aimed to investigate the impact of fruit preloads on the acute postprandial glycemic response (PGR) and satiety response of a rice meal in healthy female subjects based on iso-carbohydrate (IC) and hyper-carbohydrate (HC) contents, respectively. The IC test meals including (1) rice preload (R + 35R), (2) orange preload (O + 35R), (3) apple preload (A + 35R) and (4) pear preload (P + 35R), contained 50.0 g available carbohydrates (AC) where the preload contributed 15.0 g and rice provided 35.0 g. The HC meals included (1) orange preload (O + 50R), (2) apple preload (A+50R) and (3) pear preload (P + 50R), each containing 65.0 g AC, where the fruits contributed 15.0 g and rice provided 50.0 g. Drinking water 30 min before the rice meal was taken as reference (W + 50R). All the preload treatments, irrespective of IC or HC meals, resulted in remarkable reduction (p < 0.001) in terms of incremental peak glucose (IPG) and the maximum amplitude of glycemic excursion in 180 min (MAGE0–180), also a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the area of PGR contributed by per gram of AC (AAC), compared with the W + 50R. Apple elicited the lowest PGR among all test meals, as the A + 35R halved the IPG and slashed the incremental area under the curve in 180 min (iAUC0–180) by 45.7%, while the A + 50R reduced the IPG by 29.7%, compared with the W + 50R. All the preload meals and the reference meal showed comparable self-reported satiety in spite of the difference in AC. In conclusion, pre-meal consumption of three fruits effectively curbed post-meal glycemia even in the case of a 30% extra carbohydrate load.

Download Full-text

The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2012/184710 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anita Mofidi ◽

Zachary M. Ferraro ◽

Katherine A. Stewart ◽

Hilary M. F. Tulk ◽

Lindsay E. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

The Impact ◽

Randomized Crossover Study

Consumption of whole-grain and sourdough breads is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. We examined the impact of commercial breads on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in subjects at risk for glucose intolerance. In a randomized, crossover study, overweight or obese males ingested 11-grain, sprouted-grain, 12-grain, sourdough, or white bread on different occasions, matched for available carbohydrate (50 g) in part 1 (n=12) and bread mass (107 g) in part 2 (n=11), and blood glucose, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined for 3 h. In part 1, glucose response for sprouted-grain was lower than 11-grain, sourdough, and white breads. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) for sourdough and white was lower than 11-grain and sprouted-grain breads. GLP-1 response to sourdough was lower than all breads. In part 2, glucose and insulin AUC for sourdough was greater than 11-grain, sprouted-grain, and 12-grain breads. Sprouted-grain bread improved glycemia by lowering glucose response and increasing GLP-1 response. In overweight and obese men, the glycemic response to sprouted grain bread was reduced in both parts 1 and 2 while the other whole-grain test breads did not improve metabolic responses in the acute postprandial state.

Download Full-text

Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2002760 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 239-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 458

Author(s):

W. L. Hall ◽

D. J. Millward ◽

S. J. Long ◽

L. M. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Plasma Amino Acid ◽

Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽

Satiety Response ◽

Plasma Cholecystokinin ◽

Amino Acid Profiles ◽

Hormone Responses ◽

The Impact

Protein, generally agreed to be the most satiating macronutrient, may differ in its effects on appetite depending on the protein source and variation in digestion and absorption. We investigated the effects of two milk protein types, casein and whey, on food intake and subjective ratings of hunger and fullness, and on postprandial metabolite and gastrointestinal hormone responses. Two studies were undertaken. The first study showed that energy intake from a buffet meal ad libitum was significantly less 90 min after a 1700 kJ liquid preload containing 48 g whey, compared with an equivalent casein preload (P<0·05). In the second study, the same whey preload led to a 28 % increase in postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations over 3 h compared with casein (incremental area under the curve (iAUC), P<0·05). Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) was increased by 60 % (iAUC, P<0·005), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 by 65 % (iAUC, P<0·05) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide by 36 % (iAUC, P<0·01) following the whey preload compared with the casein. Gastric emptying was influenced by protein type as evidenced by differing plasma paracetamol profiles with the two preloads. Greater subjective satiety followed the whey test meal (P<0·05). These results implicate post-absorptive increases in plasma amino acids together with both CCK and GLP-1 as potential mediators of the increased satiety response to whey and emphasise the importance of considering the impact of protein type on the appetite response to a mixed meal.

Download Full-text

Potato Preload Mitigated Postprandial Glycemic Excursion in Healthy Subjects: An Acute Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092759 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2759

Author(s):

Wenqi Zhao ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

Yuqing Yuan ◽

Zhihong Fan ◽

Yixue Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Index ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Randomized Crossover Trial ◽

Healthy Female ◽

High Glycemic Index ◽

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum ◽

Female Subjects

This study investigated the preload effect of the medium and high glycemic index (GI) potato, as well as the combination of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (HG) and potato, when ingested prior to a rice meal, on the iso-carbohydrate basis. In a randomized crossover trial, 17 healthy female subjects consumed (1) rice; (2) co-ingestion of highly cooked potato (HP), and rice (HP + R); (3) co-ingestion of minimally cooked potato (MP) and rice (MP + R); (4) preload HP prior to rice meal (PHP + R); (5) preload MP prior to rice meal (PMP + R); (6) co-ingestion of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (HG), HP and rice (HG + HP + R); (7) preload HG prior to co-ingestion of HP and rice (PHG + HP + R); (8) co-preload of HG and HP prior to rice (PHG + PHP + R); and (9) preload of HP prior to co-ingestion of HG and rice (PHP + HG + R). Postprandial glycemic response (GR) tests and subjective satiety tests were conducted for each test food. Cooked potato as a preload to a rice meal could significantly cut the acute postprandial glycemic excursion by around 1.0 mmol/L, irrespective of the GI of the preload. Co-preload of partial hydrolyzed guar gum and highly cooked potato (PHG + PHP + R) resulted in improved acute GR in terms of peak glucose value and glycemic excursion compared with either HG preload or HP preload. All the meals with preload showed comparable or improved self-reported satiety. Within an equicarbohydrate exchange framework, both high-GI and medium-GI potato preload decreased the postprandial glycemic excursion in young healthy female subjects. The combination of HG and HP as double preload resulted in better GR than both single HG or HP preload did.

Download Full-text

Addition of Apple Pomace to 100% Apple Juice Delayed Time to Reach Maximal Glucose and Insulin Concentrations Compared to 100% Apple Juice and Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 635-635

Author(s):

Gabriela Guzman ◽

Yujie Du ◽

Yihong Wu ◽

Di Xiao ◽

Rebecca Replogle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Concentration ◽

Apple Juice ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Apple Pomace ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Healthy Human ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Apple pomace (AP) is a byproduct of apple juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of adding AP to 100% apple juice (AJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to sugar matched AJ or whole apple fruit (WAF) in healthy human subjects. Methods Fifty-eight healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 3 years, BMI 22.9 ± 1.4 kg m−2, mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to AJ, 235 g, AJ with 5 g fiber from AP added (APF, 235 g total beverage weight) or whole Red Delicious apple with skin (WAF, 230 g edible portion with skin). Fiber content of APF was matched to WAF and all study products were matched for available carbohydrates (AJ/APF/WAF, 24 g). Blood samples were collected to measure glucose and insulin concentrations at fasting (0 min) and multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was the difference in maximal glucose concentrations (Cmax) among study products. Results Results indicated that Cmax values were not significantly different between 3 products (AJ −121.2 ± 1.8 mg/dL vs. APF- 120.8 ± 1.8 mg dL-1 vs. WAF 121.3 ± 1.8 mg dL-1, respectively, P > 0.05). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T max) was delayed in APF compared to AJ and WAF (33.2 ± 0.8 min vs. 29.9 ± 0.8 and 29.6 ± 0.8, respectively, P < 0.01), as was the insulin T max (APF 34.0 ± 0.9 min vs. 28.0 ± 0.9 and 28.7 ± 0.9, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2 h) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. Conclusions This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from AP into 235 g of AJ did not attenuate maximal postprandial glucose concentration. However, times to reach maximal glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly delayed in the group receiving pomace fiber added to apple juice compared to apple juice alone or whole apple fruit. Funding Sources Financial support for this study was provided by PepsiCo, Inc. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc.

Download Full-text

Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Cholecystokinin Responses to Fast Food in Healthy-Weight and Obese Men

Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya ◽

10.21776/ub.jkb.2020.031.01.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Dian Handayani ◽

Dianita Setya Pradita Putri ◽

Hidayat Sujuti ◽

Sri Andarini ◽

Widya Rahmawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fast Food ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Gut Hormones ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Satiety Response ◽

Fast Food Consumption ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide ◽

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽

The Difference

Satiety hormones play a role in obesity metabolism. The satiety response to similar nutrients in food in healthy and obese men remains undefined. The research was aimed to determine the satiety response differences by comparing the effect of isocaloric fast-food consumption on reducing appetite-related gut hormones, such as glucagon-like fullness ratings and both GLP-1 and CCK among healthy and obese men. Respondents were given an isocaloric fast food, then GLP-1 and CCK levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Visual analogue scale (VAS) form was used for hunger and fullness ratings of the subjects. The difference level of GLP-1, CCK, and VAS between groups were measured by t-test. The correlation between VAS hunger and fullness rating was measured by Pearson. Plasma hormone levels in 16 obese and 16 healthy-weight respondents were assessed before eating and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after consumption. In obese men, GLP-1 levels were significantly higher than those in healthy-weight men at 60 and 120 minutes, while healthy-weight men had significantly higher CCK levels than those of obese men over time (all p<0.05). The total area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 was significantly higher for obese men than for healthy-weight men, while the AUC for CCK was significantly higher for healthy-weight men than for obese men. Obese men have higher plasma GLP-1 levels and lower plasma CCK than healthy men indicates that those respondents were experiencing glucose intolerance and leptin alteration. The hormonal systems that may contribute to the development of obesity need further investigation.

Download Full-text

Addition of Orange Pomace to 100% Orange Juice Attenuates Acute Glucose Response Compared to 100% Orange Juice but Not Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults (P08-080-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-080-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eunyoung Park ◽

Gabriela Guzman ◽

Yujie Du ◽

Anqi Zhao ◽

Xuhuiqun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Concentration ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Orange Fruit ◽

Orange Pomace ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Orange pomace (OP) is a byproduct of orange juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of the addition of OP to 100% orange juice (OJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to the glycemic response to a sugar matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF). Methods Forty-five healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 4 years, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m−2, mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to OJ, 250 g, OJ with 5 g fiber from OP added (OPF, 257 g total beverage weight or Navel variety whole orange (WOF, 227 g edible portion). The fiber level was chosen because it is similar to the amount found in sugar-matched weight of WOF. All 3 study products were matched for available carbohydrates (OJ/OPF/WOF, 19.3 g). Blood samples were collected and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting (0 min) and at multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was to assess and compare maximal glucose concentrations (Cmax) among study products. Results OPF and WOF significantly attenuated glucose Cmax compared to OJ (127.7 ± 1.9 and 125.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1 vs. 136.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Insulin Cmax was significantly different among groups (OJ, 64.4 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. OPF, 54.6 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. WOF, 46.5 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1, P < 0.001). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T max) was delayed in OPF compared to OJ and WOF (35.3 ± 6 min vs. 30.3 ± 5.2 and 30.6 ± 4 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2 h) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. However, iAUC0–2 h for insulin was significantly different between OJ and OPF vs. WOF (1902 ± 199 and 1789 ± 199 μIU x min mL−1 vs. 986 ± 175 μIU x min mL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from OP into 250 g of OJ attenuated the primary endpoint of maximal postprandial glucose concentration and this response did not differ from whole orange fruit. Funding Sources PepsiCo, Inc.

Download Full-text

Impact of Sarvanga Ruksha Svedana on Physiological, Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Young Healthy Subjects: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Natural Remedies ◽

10.18311/jnr/2020/24783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Saurabh Yadav ◽

Vandana Verma ◽

. Abinav

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Study ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

The Difference ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Svedana Karma (Sudation) is a therapeutic procedure used to pacify Vata, Kapha Dosha and also helps in detoxification of the body. Various methods have been described to induce sweating as per the disorder and the type of Dosha involved in pathogenesis. Sarvanga Ruksha svedana used in the present study is a type of Sagni Sveda (Kuti Sveda) in which heat is applied without prior Abhyanga (massage with oil). Objectives: To analyze certain physiological, haematological and biochemical parameters in blood and sweat and also to understand the mechanism of effects produced by Sarvanga Ruksha Svedan. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted on 30 clinically healthy subjects in the age group of 20-30 years. They were registered for the study after their written consent for Svedan procedure. The impact of Svedan was observed in terms of subject’s pulse rate (PR), blood pressure (BP), Temperature and biochemical parameters like complete blood count (CBC), and renal function test (RFT), lipid profile, sweat biochemical analysis. Assessment of Prakriti was done as per the predominance of Dosha. Results: The changes observed in the BP, PR, temperature, hemoglobin (Hb), CBC, biochemical parameters such as serum and sweat electrolytes, blood lipid levels, serum urea, creatinine have shown significant effect of Sarvanga Ruksh Svedan. The difference in responses has been found to vary as per Prakriti also. Conclusion: Present study has shown several interesting findings leading to scientific interpretation of Svedan Karma and physiology of Svedavaha Srotas and also has provided a lead for future research in this area.

Download Full-text

Bleeding Classification in Clinical Trials: Observer Variability and Clinical Relevance

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1657713 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 78 (04) ◽

pp. 1189-1192 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Yvonne P Graafsma ◽

Martin H Prins ◽

Anthonie W A Lensing ◽

Rob J de Haan ◽

Menno V Huisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Bleeding ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Minor Bleeding ◽

Recent Trial ◽

Bleeding Episodes ◽

The Impact ◽

Adjudication Committee

SummaryTo evaluate the bleeding classification in a recent trial on venous thrombosis treatment, a selection of reported bleeding episodes was adjudicated twice by an independent committee and graded by the treating physician and independent clinical experts on the clinical severity and impact on the patient’s life.The kappa values for the dichotomy major bleeding versus minor or no bleeding were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.57-1.0) for the agreement between the two members of the adjudication committee and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.52-1.0) for the agreement between both adjudication sessions. The kappa values for the dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding were 0.42 and 0.44. The weighted kappa values for the agreement between the treating physician and the independent experts were 0.76 for the Clinical severity and 0.79 for the impact on the patient’s life (95% CI, 0.63-0.88 and 0.70-0.89). The association between the adjudication result expressed as major bleeding or minor or no bleeding and the Clinical grading by the treating physician resulted in an ROC curve with an area under the curve of 0.98 for the Clinical severity and 0.99 for the impact on the patient’s life. The dichotomy major or minor bleeding versus no bleeding resulted in areas under the curve of 0.70 and 0.66.In conCIusion, the applied criteria for major bleeding are reproducible and Clinically relevant. The criteria for minor bleeding are not reproducible and are less associated with the observed Clinical relevance.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-109-123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-123

Author(s):

I. E. Limonov ◽

M. V. Nesena

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Modeling ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Investment ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

The Public ◽

Export Activity ◽

Regional Investment ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

Download Full-text

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

International Journal of Language Education ◽

10.26858/ijole.v4i2.12150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Academic Writing ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

English Language ◽

Capital City ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Language Classroom ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

Download Full-text