scholarly journals Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Cholecystokinin Responses to Fast Food in Healthy-Weight and Obese Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Dian Handayani ◽  
Dianita Setya Pradita Putri ◽  
Hidayat Sujuti ◽  
Sri Andarini ◽  
Widya Rahmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Fast Food Consumption ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Difference

<p>Satiety hormones play a role in obesity metabolism. The satiety response to similar nutrients in food in healthy and obese men remains undefined. The research was aimed to determine the satiety response differences by comparing the effect of isocaloric fast-food consumption on reducing appetite-related gut hormones, such as glucagon-like fullness ratings and both GLP-1 and CCK among healthy and obese men. Respondents were given an isocaloric fast food, then GLP-1 and CCK levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Visual analogue scale (VAS) form was used for hunger and fullness ratings of the subjects. The difference level of GLP-1, CCK, and VAS between groups were measured by t-test. The correlation between VAS hunger and fullness rating was measured by Pearson. Plasma hormone levels in 16 obese and 16 healthy-weight respondents were assessed before eating and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes after consumption. In obese men, GLP-1 levels were significantly higher than those in healthy-weight men at 60 and 120 minutes, while healthy-weight men had significantly higher CCK levels than those of obese men over time (all p&lt;0.05). The total area under the curve (AUC) for GLP-1 was significantly higher for obese men than for healthy-weight men, while the AUC for CCK was significantly higher for healthy-weight men than for obese men. Obese men have higher plasma GLP-1 levels and lower plasma CCK than healthy men indicates that those respondents were experiencing glucose intolerance and leptin alteration. The hormonal systems that may contribute to the development of obesity need further investigation.</p>

Inhibition of gastric emptying by acarbose is correlated with GLP-1 response and accompanied by CCK release

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. G752-G763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feruze Y. Enç ◽  
Neşe I˙meryüz ◽  
Levent Akin ◽  
Turgut Turoğlu ◽  
Fuat Dede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Absorption ◽  
Plasma Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

We investigated the effect of acarbose, an α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase inhibitor, on gastric emptying of solid meals of varying nutrient composition and plasma responses of gut hormones. Gastric emptying was determined with scintigraphy in healthy subjects, and all studies were performed with and without 100 mg of acarbose, in random order, at least 1 wk apart. Acarbose did not alter the emptying of a carbohydrate-free meal, but it delayed emptying of a mixed meal and a carbohydrate-free meal given 2 h after sucrose ingestion. In meal groups with carbohydrates, acarbose attenuated responses of plasma insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) while augmenting responses of CCK, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY). With mixed meal + acarbose, area under the curve (AUC) of gastric emptying was positively correlated with integrated plasma response of GLP-1 ( r = 0.68 , P < 0.02). With the carbohydrate-free meal after sucrose and acarbose ingestion, AUC of gastric emptying was negatively correlated with integrated plasma response of GIP, implying that prior alteration of carbohydrate absorption modifies gastric emptying of a meal. The results demonstrate that acarbose delays gastric emptying of solid meals and augments release of CCK, GLP-1, and PYY mainly by retarding/inhibiting carbohydrate absorption. Augmented GLP-1 release by acarbose appears to play a major role in the inhibition of gastric emptying of a mixed meal, whereas CCK and PYY may have contributory roles.

scholarly journals Serum CYR61 As A Potential Biomarker for The Diagnosis of Esophagogastric Junction Tumor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Chu ◽  
Jian-Yuan Zhou ◽  
Yi-Xuan Zhao ◽  
Yan-Ting Ou ◽  
Tian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Controls

Background：Esophagogastric junction tumor (EGJ) is a rare but fatal disease with a rapid rising incidence worldwide in the late 20 years, and it lacks a convenient and safe method for diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of serum CYR61 as a biomarker for the diagnosis of EGJ tumor. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to estimate CYR61 levels in sera of 152 EGJ tumor patients and 137 normal controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. The Mann–Whitney’s U test was used to compare the difference of serum levels of CYR61 between groups. And chi-square tests were employed to estimate the correlation of the positive rate of serum CYR61 between/among subgroups. Results: Serum CYR61 levels were statistically lower in EGJ tumor and early-stage EGJ tumor patients than those in normal controls (P&lt;0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC) of this biomarker in EGJ tumor were 88.2%, 43.8% and 0.691, respectively, and those for early stage of EGJ tumor were 80.0%, 66.4% and 0.722, respectively. Analyses showed that there was no correlation between the clinical data and the levels of CYR61 (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that CYR61 might be a potential biomarker to assist the diagnosis of EGJ tumor.

scholarly journals Policaptil Gel Retard Intake Reduces Postprandial Triglycerides, Ghrelin and Appetite in Obese Children: A Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Elena Fornari ◽  
Anita Morandi ◽  
Claudia Piona ◽  
Mara Tommasi ◽  
Massimiliano Corradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Postprandial Triglycerides ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the intake of Policaptil Gel Retard® (PGR) is able to affect appetite, metabolic and hormonal postprandial profile in obese children. 46 obese children were randomly assigned to treatment with PGR or placebo, in a double blind clinical trial. Two PGR tablets or placebo were given in fasting condition, before the ingestion of a mixed meal (15 kcal/kg lean body mass). Blood samples were taken at baseline and for 4 h, for measuring blood lipids, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Appetite was quantified using a visual analog scale. Children assuming PGR had a significantly lower increase of postprandial triglycerides (area under the curve (AUC): 3021 (2879) vs. 5038 (3738) mg × 240 min/Dl) and appetite (−234 (274) vs. 36 (329)) than children assuming placebo. The AUC of ghrelin was significantly lower after PGR ingestion, than after placebo (−8179 (8073) vs. −2800 (7579) pg × 240 min/mL). Blood glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and GLP-1 profiles were not significantly different in the two groups. In conclusion, a single intake of two tablets of PGR was associated with a significant reduction of appetite, ghrelin, and triglycerides in the postprandial period in obese children. Further investigation will assess if a chronic intake of PGR may affect body weight and glucose metabolism.

scholarly journals Plant-rich mixed meals based on Palaeolithic diet principles have a dramatic impact on incretin, peptide YY and satiety response, but show little effect on glucose and insulin homeostasis: an acute-effects randomised study

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Frances J. Bligh ◽  
Ian F. Godsland ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Karl J. Hunter ◽  
Peter Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Satiety Response ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Palaeolithic Diet ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Few Data

There is evidence for health benefits from ‘Palaeolithic’ diets; however, there are a few data on the acute effects of rationally designed Palaeolithic-type meals. In the present study, we used Palaeolithic diet principles to construct meals comprising readily available ingredients: fish and a variety of plants, selected to be rich in fibre and phyto-nutrients. We investigated the acute effects of two Palaeolithic-type meals (PAL 1 and PAL 2) and a reference meal based on WHO guidelines (REF), on blood glucose control, gut hormone responses and appetite regulation. Using a randomised cross-over trial design, healthy subjects were given three meals on separate occasions. PAL2 and REF were matched for energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates; PAL1 contained more protein and energy. Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations were measured over a period of 180 min. Satiation was assessed using electronic visual analogue scale (EVAS) scores. GLP-1 and PYY concentrations were significantly increased across 180 min for both PAL1 (P= 0·001 and P< 0·001) and PAL2 (P= 0·011 and P= 0·003) compared with the REF. Concomitant EVAS scores showed increased satiety. By contrast, GIP concentration was significantly suppressed. Positive incremental AUC over 120 min for glucose and insulin did not differ between the meals. Consumption of meals based on Palaeolithic diet principles resulted in significant increases in incretin and anorectic gut hormones and increased perceived satiety. Surprisingly, this was independent of the energy or protein content of the meal and therefore suggests potential benefits for reduced risk of obesity.

scholarly journals Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3–36): Secretory Controls and Physiological Roles in Eating and Glycemia in Health, Obesity, and After RYGB

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Steinert ◽  
Christine Feinle-Bisset ◽  
Lori Asarian ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Christoph Beglinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Local Signaling ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric-bypass (RYGB) and other bariatric surgeries in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and novel developments in gastrointestinal (GI) endocrinology have renewed interest in the roles of GI hormones in the control of eating, meal-related glycemia, and obesity. Here we review the nutrient-sensing mechanisms that control the secretion of four of these hormones, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine tyrosine [PYY(3–36)], and their contributions to the controls of GI motor function, food intake, and meal-related increases in glycemia in healthy-weight and obese persons, as well as in RYGB patients. Their physiological roles as classical endocrine and as locally acting signals are discussed. Gastric emptying, the detection of specific digestive products by small intestinal enteroendocrine cells, and synergistic interactions among different GI loci all contribute to the secretion of ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3–36). While CCK has been fully established as an endogenous endocrine control of eating in healthy-weight persons, the roles of all four hormones in eating in obese persons and following RYGB are uncertain. Similarly, only GLP-1 clearly contributes to the endocrine control of meal-related glycemia. It is likely that local signaling is involved in these hormones' actions, but methods to determine the physiological status of local signaling effects are lacking. Further research and fresh approaches are required to better understand ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3–36) physiology; their roles in obesity and bariatric surgery; and their therapeutic potentials.

scholarly journals The Acute Impact of Ingestion of Sourdough and Whole-Grain Breads on Blood Glucose, Insulin, and Incretins in Overweight and Obese Men

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Mofidi ◽  
Zachary M. Ferraro ◽  
Katherine A. Stewart ◽  
Hilary M. F. Tulk ◽  
Lindsay E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Randomized Crossover Study

Consumption of whole-grain and sourdough breads is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. We examined the impact of commercial breads on biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in subjects at risk for glucose intolerance. In a randomized, crossover study, overweight or obese males ingested 11-grain, sprouted-grain, 12-grain, sourdough, or white bread on different occasions, matched for available carbohydrate (50 g) in part 1 (n=12) and bread mass (107 g) in part 2 (n=11), and blood glucose, insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were determined for 3 h. In part 1, glucose response for sprouted-grain was lower than 11-grain, sourdough, and white breads. Insulin area under the curve (AUC) for sourdough and white was lower than 11-grain and sprouted-grain breads. GLP-1 response to sourdough was lower than all breads. In part 2, glucose and insulin AUC for sourdough was greater than 11-grain, sprouted-grain, and 12-grain breads. Sprouted-grain bread improved glycemia by lowering glucose response and increasing GLP-1 response. In overweight and obese men, the glycemic response to sprouted grain bread was reduced in both parts 1 and 2 while the other whole-grain test breads did not improve metabolic responses in the acute postprandial state.

scholarly journals Acute Exercise and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Anne Douglas ◽  
Kevin Deighton ◽  
Jan Maria Atkinson ◽  
Vahid Sari-Sarraf ◽  
David John Stensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Mean Differences

In lean individuals, acute aerobic exercise is reported to transiently suppress sensations of appetite, suppress blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin (AG), and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY). Findings in overweight/obese individuals have yet to be synthesised. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects that acute exercise has on AG and total PYY and GLP-1 in overweight/obese individuals. The potential for body mass index (BMI) to act as a moderator for AG was also explored. Six published studies (73 participants, 78% male, mean BMI: 30.6 kg·m−2) met the inclusion criteria. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and standard errors were extracted for AG and total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations in control and exercise trials and synthesised using a random effects meta-analysis model. BMI was the predictor in metaregression for AG. Exercise moderately suppressed AG area-under-the-curve concentrations (pooled SMD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.53 to −0.15). The magnitude of this reduction was greater for higher mean BMIs (pooled metaregression slope: −0.04 SMD/kg·m−2 (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.00)). Trivial SMDs were obtained for total PYY (0.10, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.31) and GLP-1 (−0.03, 95% CI: −0.18 to 0.13). This indicates that exercise in overweight/obese individuals moderately alters AG in a direction that could be associated with decreased hunger and energy intake. This trial is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42014006265.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 undergoes differential tissue-specific metabolism in the anesthetized pig

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. E458-E464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Deacon ◽  
L. Pridal ◽  
L. Klarskov ◽  
M. Olesen ◽  
J. J. Holst
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Plasma Half Life ◽  
Differential Tissue

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) metabolism was studied in halothane-anesthetized pigs (n = 7) using processing-independent (PI) and COOH-terminal (C) radioimmunoassays (RIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for biologically active GLP-1. Renal extraction of endogenous GLP-1 was detected by PI-RIA (33.1 +/- 13.3%) and C-RIA (16.0 +/- 6.3%) and by all assays during GLP-1 infusion (ELISA, 69.4 +/- 6.3%; PI-RIA, 32.6 +/- 7.3%; C-RIA, 43.7 +/- 3.4%), indicating substantial fragmentation. Hepatic and pulmonary degradation were undetectable under basal conditions, but exogenous GLP-1 elimination by the liver (43.6 +/- 8.9%) and lungs (10.1 +/- 3.2%) was measured by ELISA, suggesting primarily NH2-terminal degradation. Endogenous GLP-1 extraction by the hindleg was only detected by C-RIA (16.0 +/- 6.3%). During GLP-1 infusion, greater hindleg extraction was measured by ELISA (38.5 +/- 6.8%) and C-RIA (33.0 +/- 6.4%) than by PI-RIA (11.4 +/- 3.2%), indicating limited degradation at each terminus or more substantial COOH-terminal degradation. A shorter (P < 0.01) plasma half-life was revealed by ELISA (1.5 +/- 0.4 min) than by PI-RIA (4.5 +/- 0.6 min) or C-RIA (4.1 +/- 0.5 min). Metabolic clearance rates measured by PI-RIA (20.0 +/- 3.8 ml.min-1.kg-1) and C-RIA (15.5 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1.kg-1) were shorter (P < 0.01) than that measured by ELISA (106.8 +/- 14.7 ml.min-1.kg-1). Tissue-specific differential metabolism of GLP-1 occurs, and NH2-terminal degradation, rendering GLP-1 inactive, is particularly important in its clearance.

scholarly journals Anosmia and dysgeusia among COVID-19 patients are associated with low levels of serum Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Ben-Chetrit ◽  
Ami Ben Yaa'cov ◽  
Ahamad Quiteineh ◽  
Ohad Atia ◽  
Eran Regev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Purpose: Anosmia and dysgeusia (AD) are common among COVID-19 patients. These symptoms are not frequently associated with rhinorrhea or nasal congestion and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Previous reports suggested that Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling plays a role in the modulation of olfaction and geusia. We aimed to assess the correlation between GLP-1 and COVID-19-associated AD. Methods: Blood samples obtained from COVID-19 patients with and without AD were tested for serum GLP-1 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A second control group comprised of COVID-19-negative volunteers. Results: Forty-nine subjects were included in the study. Nineteen were positive for COVID-19. Of the 19 patients, ten had AD and nine declined such complaints. Age and basic metabolic rate were similar among all study groups. Serum GLP-1 levels were significantly lower among patients with AD as compared with patients without AD and COVID-19-negative individuals (1820 pg/ml vs 3536 pg/ml vs 3014 pg/ml, respectively, p<0.02). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients who reported of AD had lower serum levels of GLP-1 as compared with those lacking AD symptoms and COVID-19-negative individuals. These results suggest that GLP-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, further larger scale studies should corroborate our findings

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