Mother’s Milk Microbiome Shaping Fecal and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Analysis

The child microbiome, including gut and skin communities, is shaped by a multitude of factors, and breastfeeding is one of the most essential. Food allergy (FA) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are among the most common diseases in pediatrics, with the prevalence of each up to 6% and 20%, respectively. Therefore, we aimed at finding differences between the fecal and skin microbiomes of FA and AD patients in the context of breastfeeding, by means of the Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragment libraries amplified from the total DNA isolated from samples collected from allergic and healthy infants. We also analyzed milk samples from the mothers of the examined children and searched for patterns of incidence suggesting milk influence on an infant’s allergy status. Here we show that a mother’s milk influences her child’s fecal and skin microbiomes and identify Acinetobacter as the taxon whose abundance is correlated with milk and child-derived samples. We demonstrate that breastfeeding makes allergic children's fecal and skin communities more similar to those of healthy infants than in the case of formula-feeding. We also identify signature taxa that might be important in maintaining health or allergy development.

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A Combined Analysis of Gut and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1682

Author(s):

Ewa Łoś-Rycharska ◽

Marcin Gołębiewski ◽

Marcin Sikora ◽

Tomasz Grzybowski ◽

Marta Gorzkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Α Diversity

The gut microbiota in patients with food allergy, and the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ from those of healthy people. We hypothesize that relationships may exist between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies, hence simultaneous analysis of the two compartments of microbiota was performed in infants with and without allergic symptoms. Fifty-nine infants with food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis and 28 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The skin and gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No significant differences in the α-diversity of dermal or fecal microbiota were observed between allergic and non-allergic infants; however, a significant relationship was found between bacterial community structure and allergy phenotypes, especially in the fecal samples. Certain clinical conditions were associated with characteristic bacterial taxa in the skin and gut microbiota. Positive correlations were found between skin and fecal samples in the abundance of Gemella among allergic infants, and Lactobacillus and Bacteroides among healthy infants. Although infants with allergies and healthy infants demonstrate microbiota with similar α-diversity, some differences in β-diversity and bacterial species abundance can be seen, which may depend on the phenotype of the allergy. For some organisms, their abundance in skin and feces samples may be correlated, and these correlations might serve as indicators of the host’s allergic state.

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Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after UVB Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000515236 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Astrid Haaskjold Lossius ◽

Olav Sundnes ◽

Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽

Sofie Marie Edslev ◽

Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Lesional Skin ◽

Before And After ◽

Nose And Throat

Background: The pathophysiology in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not fully understood, but immune dysfunction, skin barrier defects, and alterations of the skin microbiota are thought to play important roles. AD skin is frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and microbial diversity on lesional skin (LS) is reduced compared to on healthy skin. Treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) leads to clinical improvement of the eczema and reduced abundance of S. aureus. However, in-depth knowledge of the temporal dynamics of the skin microbiota in AD in response to nb-UVB treatment is lacking and could provide important clues to decipher whether the microbial changes are primary drivers of the disease, or secondary to the inflammatory process. Objectives: To map the temporal shifts in the microbiota of the skin, nose, and throat in adult AD patients after nb-UVB treatment. Methods: Skin swabs were taken from lesional AD skin (n = 16) before and after 3 treatments of nb-UVB, and after 6–8 weeks of full-body treatment. We also obtained samples from non-lesional skin (NLS) and from the nose and throat. All samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: We observed shifts towards higher diversity in the microbiota of lesional AD skin after 6–8 weeks of treatment, while the microbiota of NLS and of the nose/throat remained unchanged. After only 3 treatments with nb-UVB, there were no significant changes in the microbiota. Conclusion: Nb-UVB induces changes in the skin microbiota towards higher diversity, but the microbiota of the nose and throat are not altered.

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Characterization of skin microbiota in patients with atopic dermatitis and in normal subjects using 16S rRNA gene-based comprehensive analysis

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.47268-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (12) ◽

pp. 1675-1683 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Itaru Dekio ◽

Mitsuo Sakamoto ◽

Hidenori Hayashi ◽

Masayuki Amagai ◽

Makoto Suematsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Normal Controls

A previous study using bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based clone libraries revealed that the microbiota in healthy human skin included uncultured micro-organisms, although the micro-organisms in skin exposed to disease conditions remain to be examined. To compare the profiles of skin microbiota in 13 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 10 healthy controls, terminal RFLP analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was applied to 23 swab-scrubbed samples from facial skin. This culture-independent analysis successfully revealed the complex bacterial members of the microbiota as peak patterns following capillary electrophoresis of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs). Each T-RF peak reflected a micro-organism, and the micro-organism to which each peak was assigned could be identified by computer simulation of T-RF length using the nucleotide sequence data of bacterial species residing in the skin. Among 18 species detected in the study, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was detected significantly more commonly in AD patients (5/13 for AD patients vs 0/10 for controls), whilst Dietzia maris was detected significantly more commonly in normal controls (8/10 for controls vs 2/13 for AD patients). Moreover, Streptococcus species, which are considered to be uncommon in uninfected skin, were detected in seven patients and eight normal controls. Although further studies should be undertaken to investigate the roles of these micro-organisms in AD, the microbiota were presumed to include hitherto uninvestigated bacterial species in the major population of patients with AD and of healthy controls.

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