scholarly journals Shifts in the Skin Microbiota after UVB Treatment in Adult Atopic Dermatitis

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Astrid Haaskjold Lossius ◽  
Olav Sundnes ◽  
Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽  
Sofie Marie Edslev ◽  
Jørgen Vildershøj Bjørnholt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nose And Throat

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The pathophysiology in atopic dermatitis (AD) is not fully understood, but immune dysfunction, skin barrier defects, and alterations of the skin microbiota are thought to play important roles. AD skin is frequently colonized with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) and microbial diversity on lesional skin (LS) is reduced compared to on healthy skin. Treatment with narrow-band ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) leads to clinical improvement of the eczema and reduced abundance of <i>S. aureus</i>. However, in-depth knowledge of the temporal dynamics of the skin microbiota in AD in response to nb-UVB treatment is lacking and could provide important clues to decipher whether the microbial changes are primary drivers of the disease, or secondary to the inflammatory process. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To map the temporal shifts in the microbiota of the skin, nose, and throat in adult AD patients after nb-UVB treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Skin swabs were taken from lesional AD skin (<i>n</i> = 16) before and after 3 treatments of nb-UVB, and after 6–8 weeks of full-body treatment. We also obtained samples from non-lesional skin (NLS) and from the nose and throat. All samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We observed shifts towards higher diversity in the microbiota of lesional AD skin after 6–8 weeks of treatment, while the microbiota of NLS and of the nose/throat remained unchanged. After only 3 treatments with nb-UVB, there were no significant changes in the microbiota. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nb-UVB induces changes in the skin microbiota towards higher diversity, but the microbiota of the nose and throat are not altered.

scholarly journals Effect of mupirocin for Staphylococcus aureus decolonization on the microbiome of the nose and throat in community and nursing home dwelling adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252004
Author(s):  
Mary-Claire Roghmann ◽  
Alison D. Lydecker ◽  
Michelle Shardell ◽  
Robert T. DeBoy ◽  
J. Kristie Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Community Profiling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intranasal Mupirocin ◽  
Posterior Pharynx ◽  
Nose And Throat

Objective To characterize the microbial communities of the anterior nares (nose) and posterior pharynx (throat) of adults dwelling in the community and in nursing homes before and after treatment with intranasal mupirocin. Methods Staphylococcus aureus-colonized adults were recruited from the community (n = 25) and from nursing homes (n = 7). S. aureus colonization was confirmed using cultures. Participants had specimens taken from nose and throat for S. aureus quantitation using quantitative PCR for the nuc gene and bacterial profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing over 12 weeks. After two baseline study visits 4 weeks apart, participants received intranasal mupirocin for 5 days with 3 further visits over a 8 week follow-up period. Results We found a decrease in the absolute abundance of S. aureus in the nose for 8 weeks after mupirocin (1693 vs 141 fg/ul, p = 0.047). Mupirocin caused a statistically significant disruption in bacterial communities of the nose and throat after 1 week, which was no longer detected after 8 weeks. Bacterial community profiling demonstrated that there was a decrease in the relative abundance of S. aureus (8% vs 0.3%, p<0.01) 8 weeks after mupirocin and a transient decrease in the relative abundance of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the nose (21% vs 5%, p<0.01) 1 week after mupirocin. Conclusions Decolonization with mupirocin leads to a sustained effect on absolute and relative abundance of S. aureus but not for other bacteria in the nose. This demonstrates that a short course of mupirocin selectively decreases S. aureus in the nose for up to 8 weeks.

scholarly journals A Combined Analysis of Gut and Skin Microbiota in Infants with Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Ewa Łoś-Rycharska ◽  
Marcin Gołębiewski ◽  
Marcin Sikora ◽  
Tomasz Grzybowski ◽  
Marta Gorzkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Α Diversity

The gut microbiota in patients with food allergy, and the skin microbiota in atopic dermatitis patients differ from those of healthy people. We hypothesize that relationships may exist between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between gut and skin microbiota in patients with allergies, hence simultaneous analysis of the two compartments of microbiota was performed in infants with and without allergic symptoms. Fifty-nine infants with food allergy and/or atopic dermatitis and 28 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The skin and gut microbiota were evaluated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. No significant differences in the α-diversity of dermal or fecal microbiota were observed between allergic and non-allergic infants; however, a significant relationship was found between bacterial community structure and allergy phenotypes, especially in the fecal samples. Certain clinical conditions were associated with characteristic bacterial taxa in the skin and gut microbiota. Positive correlations were found between skin and fecal samples in the abundance of Gemella among allergic infants, and Lactobacillus and Bacteroides among healthy infants. Although infants with allergies and healthy infants demonstrate microbiota with similar α-diversity, some differences in β-diversity and bacterial species abundance can be seen, which may depend on the phenotype of the allergy. For some organisms, their abundance in skin and feces samples may be correlated, and these correlations might serve as indicators of the host’s allergic state.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Communities on Skin Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis and Disease Severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Sofie Marie Edslev ◽  
Caroline Meyer Olesen ◽  
Line Brok Nørreslet ◽  
Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽  
Søren Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Staphylococcus Lugdunensis ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Staphylococcus Capitis ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

The skin microbiota of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is characterized by increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization, which exacerbates disease symptoms and has been linked to reduced bacterial diversity. Skin bacterial communities in AD patients have mostly been described at family and genus levels, while species-level characterization has been limited. In this study, we investigated the role of the bacteria belonging to the Staphylococcus genus using targeted sequencing of the tuf gene with genus-specific primers. We compared staphylococcal communities on lesional and non-lesional skin of AD patients, as well as AD patients with healthy controls, and determined the absolute abundance of bacteria present at each site. We observed that the staphylococcal community, bacterial alpha diversity, and bacterial densities were similar on lesional and non-lesional skin, whereas AD severity was associated with significant changes in staphylococcal composition. Increased S. aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis abundances were correlated with increased severity. Conversely, Staphylococcus hominis abundance was negatively correlated with severity. Furthermore, S. hominis relative abundance was reduced on AD skin compared to healthy skin. In conclusion, various staphylococcal species appear to be important for skin health.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

scholarly journals Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Fruit Extract and Skin Microbiota: A Focus on C. acnes Phylotypes in Acne Subjects

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandie Gervason ◽  
Isabelle Metton ◽  
Elodie Gemrot ◽  
Edwige Ranouille ◽  
Gilbert Skorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Knowing that Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is known to have antibacterial effects, this study investigated the skin microbiota with a focus on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) phylotypes in subjects with acne, and determined microbiota changes after 28 days of treatment with berries Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as an active ingredient (RT). Skin swabs from seventeen acne subjects were collected and the skin microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A culture-independent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based SLST (single-locus sequence typing) approach was aimed at evaluating RT extract effects on C. acnes phylotype repartition. Clinical evaluations (lesion counts) were performed at baseline (D0) and after 28 days (D28) of twice-daily application of the RT active ingredient. We determined: (1) the skin microbiota at D0 was dominated by Actinobacteria followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria; (2) at the genus level, Cutibacterium was the most abundant genus followed by Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium; (3) C. acnes was the major species in terms of mean abundance, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis); and (4) phylotype IA1 was most represented, with a predominance of SLST type A1, followed by phylotypes II, IB, IA2, IC, and III. After 28 days of RT extract treatment, phylotype repartition were modified with a decrease in abundance (approximately 4%) of phylotype IA1 and an increase in phylotype II and III. Cutibacterium granulosum (C. granulosum) abundance also decreased. Reduction of retentional and inflammatory lesions was also noted only after RT treatment; thus, RT extract acts as a microbiota-regulating agent.

scholarly journals Succession within the prokaryotic communities during the VAHINE mesocosms experiment in the New Caledonia lagoon

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Pfreundt ◽  
France Van Wambeke ◽  
Mathieu Caffin ◽  
Sophie Bonnet ◽  
Wolfgang R. Hess
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
South Pacific Ocean

Abstract. N2 fixation fuels  ∼  50 % of new primary production in the oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean. The VAHINE experiment has been designed to track the fate of diazotroph-derived nitrogen (DDN) and carbon within a coastal lagoon ecosystem in a comprehensive way. For this, large-volume ( ∼  50 m3) mesocosms were deployed in the New Caledonian lagoon and were intentionally fertilized with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to stimulate N2 fixation. This study examined the temporal dynamics of the prokaryotic community together with the evolution of biogeochemical parameters for 23 consecutive days in one of these mesocosms (M1) and in the Nouméa lagoon using MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing and flow cytometry. Combining these methods allowed for inference of absolute cell numbers from 16S data. We observed clear successions within M1, some of which were not mirrored in the lagoon. The dominating classes in M1 were Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, eukaryotic microalgae, Marine Group II Euryarchaeota, Flavobacteriia, and Acidimicrobia. Enclosure led to significant changes in the M1 microbial community, probably initiated by the early decay of Synechococcus and diatoms. However, we did not detect a pronounced bottle effect with a copiotroph-dominated community. The fertilization with  ∼  0.8 µM DIP on day 4 did not have directly observable effects on the overall community within M1, as the data samples obtained from before and 4 days after fertilization clustered together, but likely influenced the development of individual populations later on, like Defluviicoccus-related bacteria and UCYN-C-type diazotrophic cyanobacteria (Cyanothece). Growth of UCYN-C led to among the highest N2-fixation rates ever measured in this region and enhanced growth of nearly all abundant heterotrophic groups in M1. We further show that different Rhodobacteraceae were the most efficient heterotrophs in the investigated system and we observed niche partitioning within the SAR86 clade. Whereas the location in- or outside the mesocosm had a significant effect on community composition, the temporal effect was significantly stronger and similar in both locations, suggesting that overarching abiotic factors were more influential than the enclosure. While temporal community changes were evident, prokaryotic diversity (Shannon index) only declined slightly from  ∼  6.5 to 5.7 or 6.05 in the lagoon and M1, respectively, throughout the experiment, highlighting the importance of multiple and varying sources of organic matter maintaining competition.

scholarly journals DISORDERS OF SKIN MICROBIOTA AND FORMATION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Galina I. Smirnova ◽  
A. A. Korsunsky
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review presents the special significance of changes in the intestinal and skin microbiota in the formation of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. AD is considered as a form of allergic pathology directly related to the state and quality of the microbiota of a growing organism. The microbiota of the skin of patients with AD is characterized by a small species diversity of bacteria; a decrease in the number of actinomycetes and proteobacteria; increased colonization of various types of staphylococci (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, etc). The relationship between the rate of development of AD and violations of the microbiota of the skin in children is shown. The necessity of maintaining high biodiversity of the microbiota of a growing organism as a strategy for optimizing the microecology of children through the use of adaptive probiotics in a healthy microenvironment is substantiated. The restoration of the barrier function of the skin and the normalization of the composition and quality of the intestinal microbiota are determined as the most important task of the general concept of the treatment of AD, where new dermatological cosmetics and proper skin care play an important role. The possibilities of normalizing the microbiome of the affected skin areas to restore the skin barrier with the help of dry skin care cosmetics are shown.

scholarly journals Succession within the prokaryotic communities during the VAHINE mesocosms experiment in the New Caledonia lagoon

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 20179-20222 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Pfreundt ◽  
F. Van Wambeke ◽  
S. Bonnet ◽  
W. R. Hess
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
South Pacific Ocean

Abstract. N2 fixation fuels ~ 50 % of new primary production in the oligotrophic South Pacific Ocean. The VAHINE experiment has been designed to track the fate of diazotroph derived nitrogen (DDN) and carbon within a coastal lagoon ecosystem in a comprehensive way. For this, large-volume (~ 50 m3) mesocosms were deployed in the New Caledonia lagoon and were intentionally fertilized with dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to stimulate N2 fixation. This study examined the temporal dynamics of the prokaryotic community together with the evolution of biogeochemical parameters for 23 consecutive days in one of these mesocosms (M1) and in the Nouméa lagoon using MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed clear successions within M1, some of which were not mirrored in the lagoon. The dominating classes in M1 were alpha- and gammaproteobacteria, cyanobacteria (mainly Synechococcus), eukaryotic microalgae, on days 10 and 14 Marine Group II euryarchaea, on days 12–23 also Flavobacteriia. Enclosure led to significant changes in the M1 microbial community, probably initiated by the early decay of Synechococcus and diatoms. However, we did not detect a pronounced bottle effect with a copiotroph-dominated community. The fertilization with ~ 0.8 μM DIP on day 4 did not have directly observable effects on the overall community within M1, as the data samples obtained from before and four days after fertilization clustered together, but likely influenced the development of individual populations later on, like Defluviicoccus-related bacteria and UCYN-C type diazotrophic cyanobacteria. Growth of UCYN-C led to among the highest N2 fixation rates ever measured in this region and enhanced growth of nearly all abundant heterotrophic groups in M1. We further show that different Rhodobacteraceae were the most efficient heterotrophs in the investigated system and we observed niche partitioning within the SAR86 clade. Whereas the location in- or outside the mesocosm had a significant effect on community composition, the temporal effect was significantly stronger and similar in both locations, suggesting that overarching abiotic factors were more influential than the enclosure. While temporal community changes were evident, prokaryotic diversity (Shannon Index) only declined slightly from ~ 6.5 to 5.7 or 6.05 in the lagoon and M1, respectively, throughout the experiment, highlighting the importance of multiple and varying sources of organic matter maintaining competition.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-patient Variability Over Time of Lesional Skin Microbiota in Adult Patients with Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
E Munckhof ◽  
T Kolk ◽  
H Wall ◽  
D Alewijk ◽  
M Doorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The Impact of Pre-Slaughter Fasting on the Ruminal Microbial Population of Commercial Angus Steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Christina Breanne Welch ◽  
Jeferson M. Lourenco ◽  
Darren S. Seidel ◽  
Taylor Rae Krause ◽  
Michael J. Rothrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Diet impacts the composition of the ruminal microbiota; however, prior to slaughter, cattle are fasted, which may change the ruminal microbial ecosystem structure and lead to dysbiosis. The objective of this study was to determine changes occurring in the rumen after pre-slaughter fasting, which can allow harmful pathogens an opportunity to establish in the rumen. Ruminal samples were collected before and after pre-slaughter fasting from seventeen commercial Angus steers. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were performed to determine the ruminal microbiota, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Microbial richness (Chao 1 index), evenness, and Shannon diversity index all increased after fasting (p ≤ 0.040). During fasting, the two predominant families Prevotellaceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased (p ≤ 0.029), whereas the remaining minor families increased (p < 0.001). Fasting increased Blautia and Methanosphaera (p ≤ 0.003), while Campylobacter and Treponema tended to increase (p ≤ 0.086). Butyrate concentration tended to decrease (p = 0.068) after fasting. The present findings support that fasting causes ruminal nutrient depletion resulting in dysbiosis, allowing opportunistic pathogens to exploit the void in the ruminal ecological niche.

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