scholarly journals Adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index and Obesity Indicators in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3691
Author(s):  
Leandro Teixeira Cacau ◽  
Isabela Martins Benseñor ◽  
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart ◽  
Leticia de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Planetary Health ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Adherence

The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a model diet to improve the health of human beings and that of the planet. Recently, we proposed the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) to assess adherence of the population to this model diet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate adherence to the PHDI and obesity outcomes using baseline data from 14,515 participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The dietary data were assessed using a 114-item FFQ. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were both used continuously and categorized. Linear and multinomial regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors were performed to assess the relationship between adherence to PHDI and outcomes. An inverse association was observed between adherence to PHDI and obesity indicators. Individuals with high adherence to the PHDI had lower BMI (β−0.50 95% CI−0.73:−0.27) and WC (β−1.70 95% CI−2.28:−1.12) values. They were also 24% less likely to be overweight (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.67:0.85) or obese (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.65:0.88), and they were 14% and 27% less likely to have increased WC (OR 0.86 95% CI 0.75:0.98) or substantially increased WC (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.64:0.83) than those with lower adherence. Our results showed that higher adherence to the PHDI may decrease obesity indicators.

Gender aspects of the relationship between migraine and cardiovascular risk factors: A cross-sectional evaluation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C Goulart ◽  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo ◽  
Isabela M Benseñor
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background The relationship between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and migraine is controversial and might be different in both genders. These associations were evaluated in Brazilian middle-aged men and women from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods The cross-sectional relationship between our main outcome, which was migraine headache (definite, probable and overall), and CVRF was evaluated in the total sample and according to gender. We calculated frequencies and odds ratios (95% CI) for this relationship using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses in crude, age-adjusted and multivariable models adjusted by potential confounders. Results Of 14,953 individuals who completed the data about headache and CVRF, the frequency of one-year migraine was of 29.5% (22.5% in women and 7.0% in men). In the multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, an inverse association between hypertension (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.79), metabolic syndrome (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.99) and definite migraine were confirmed for men, but not for women. In the opposite direction, a positive association between migraine headaches (definite, probable and overall) and dyslipidemia (overall migraine OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.13–1.38) was observed only for women, but not for men. Conclusions A gender influence on the relationship between migraine and CVRF was verified in the ELSA-Brasil.

Adiponectin and leptin levels in migraineurs: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 251581632096696
Author(s):  
Alessandra C Goulart ◽  
Bianca de Almeida-Pititto ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo ◽  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Sandra RG Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Relationships of adipokines (ADP) with migraine are not well-established. We examined the relationship of adiponectin and leptin with migraine by aura symptoms. Methods: In a baseline cross-sectional data of Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), associations of ADP levels and migraine were assessed in a sample of 257 nondiabetic subjects, free from cardiovascular disease. Associations of ADP tertiles (dependent variable) and migraine status were tested using logistic regression models. Categories of migraine were created as follows: no headache (reference), migraine with aura (MA), and migraine without aura (MO) in all sample and by sex. Odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Among participants (46 years ± SD: 4.8), 47.5% were women and 36.2% had migraine (16.7% MA). Median values of leptin (ng/mL) increased gradually across subgroup: no headache: 9.5 (interquartile range (IQR): 5.5–15.7) versus MO: 17.0 (IQR: 10.9–34.2) versus MA: 20.9 (IQR: 11.7–29.3), overall p value <0.0001, but not for adiponectin levels. After full adjustment, the third of leptin was positively associated with MA (OR 2.89 (1.00–8.4)) and the second of adiponectin was associated with MO (OR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.09–6.96, p = 0.03). Positive associations with MA, second (OR 3.81; 95% CI: 1.07–13.59; p = 0.04) and third tertile of leptin (6.54; 95% CI: 1.74–24.57, p = 0.005), were also observed in women, but not in men. Conclusions: Positive associations between ADP and migraine, particularly between MA and leptin levels in women, raise the possibility of adipocytokines and play a role in migraine pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Change in the Relationship Between Drinking Alcohol and Risk of Violence Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-447
Author(s):  
Roland M Jones ◽  
Marianne Van Den Bree ◽  
Stanley Zammit ◽  
Pamela J Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Heavy Episodic Drinking ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Marginal Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Aims To quantify the relationship between alcohol and violence with increasing age. Methods Data were from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health) of 20,386 people representative of the US population. Mean age at the first wave of interviews was 16.2 years, with subsequent interviews mean of 1, 6.3 and 12.9 years later. We used random-effects models and predictive marginal effects of the association between varying quantities of alcohol consumption and violence while controlling for possible confounders. Results Violence was reported by 19.1% of participants at wave I but just 2.1% at wave IV. The random-effects model showed that consuming 1–4 drinks on each occasion was associated with a modest increase in risk of violence in both males (odds ratio (OR) 1.36, 95% CI 1.13–1.63) and females (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.72). For consumption of five or more drinks on each occasion, the risk remained similar for females (OR 1.40 (0.99–1.97)) but increased considerably for males (OR 2.41 (1.96–2.95)). Predictive marginal effects models confirmed that violence rates decreased with age. Conclusions Alcohol is most strongly linked to violence among adolescents, so programmes for primary prevention of alcohol-related violence are best targeted towards this age group, particularly males who engage in heavy episodic drinking.

Race/ethnicity composition of police officers in officer-involved shootings

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Katelyn K. Jetelina ◽  
Stephen A. Bishopp ◽  
Jared G. Wiegand ◽  
Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Neighborhood Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relative Rarity ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate officer and civilian race/ethnicity disparities during ten years of officer-involved shootings (OIS). Design/methodology/approach Internal affairs, personnel and geospatial data were triangulated for 253 OIS at the Dallas Police Department from 2005 to 2015. Multinomial regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between civilian and officer race/ethnicity in OIS, controlling for officer, situational and neighborhood factors. Findings In total, 48 percent of unique OIS involved a non-Hispanic black civilian and most OIS occurred in Hispanic majority neighborhoods (48 percent). Officer age and number of shooters on scene were the only variables significantly associated with officer race/ethnicity. Most notably, officer race/ethnicity was not associated with the race/ethnicity of the civilian during OIS incidents. Originality/value There is limited scientific evidence on whether officers of certain races/ethnicities are disproportionately likely to engage in OIS with civilians of a particular race/ethnicity due to the relative rarity of such events.

The relationship between migraine and lipid sub-fractions among individuals without cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional evaluation in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C Goulart ◽  
Paulo A Lotufo ◽  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Márcio S Bittencourt ◽  
Raul D Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Recent studies have explored the relationship between dyslipidemia and migraine in a cardiovascular context. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between lipids, lipoprotein subfractions and migraine according to aura symptoms in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods 1,560 women and 1,595 men, without CVD or lipid disorders requiring medication, underwent a baseline clinical assessment. Total-cholesterol and its sub-fractions (LDL, VLDL and HDL subclass cholesterol); triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol [TRL-C (VLDL1+2-C VLDL3-C + IDL-C)] were determined by vertical auto profile (VAP). We also calculated logarithmic LDL density ratio [LLDR = ln ((LDL3-C + LDL4-C)/(LDL1-C + LDL2-C))], T-Chol/HDL-C and triglycerides/HDL-C ratios. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained to evaluate the relationship between lipids tertiles and migraine for both sexes. Results Main findings revealed positive associations between migraine without aura (MO) and the highest tertiles of VLDL-C (OR, 1.61; 95%CI, 1.07–2.40) and TRL-C (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03–2.34) in women. In men, the highest tertile of VLDL3-C (OR, 3.87; 95%CI, 1.23–12.19) was positively associated with MO, as well. Conclusions In middle-aged participants without CVD or lipid disorders requiring medication, the worst lipid profile was determined by the highest levels of TRL-C and their cholesterol-rich remnants in migraineurs without aura for both sexes.

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and hypertension risk: results of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1077
Author(s):  
S. C. Francisco ◽  
L. F. Araújo ◽  
R. H. Griep ◽  
D. Chor ◽  
M. D. C. B. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
High Adherence

AbstractWe investigated whether high adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet was independently associated with lower risk of incident hypertension. Participants included 5632 adults, without hypertension at the baseline (2008–2010) of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, who took part in the second follow-up visit (2012–2014). Adherence to the DASH diet was estimated at baseline using a score based on eight food items (final scores from 8 to 40 points) and was categorised as high adherence (≥30 points, or ≥75 %) and low adherence (<75 %; reference). Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive drugs. The association between adherence to the DASH diet and the risk of incident hypertension was estimated using Cox regression models adjusted by covariates. In total, 780 new cases of hypertension (13·8 %) were identified in about 3·8-year follow-up. Participants with high adherence to the DASH diet had 26 % lower risk of hypertension (hazard ratio (HR) 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·95) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviours, diabetes and family history of hypertension. The HR reduced to 0·81 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·04) and was of borderline statistical significance after adjustment for BMI, suggesting that lower body weight explains about 10 % of the association between high adherence to the DASH diet and hypertension risk reduction. The results indicate that high adherence to the DASH diet lowered the risk of hypertension by one-fourth over a relatively short follow-up period.

scholarly journals The role of food processing in the inflammatory potential of diet during pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Carolina Assis Silva ◽  
Izabela Da Silva Santos ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hebert ◽  
Lívia Castro Crivellenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
The Relationship

The aim was to investigate the relationship between the energy contribution (E%) of foods according to the degree of industrial processing and the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) in pregnancy. Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from each of the 784 pregnant women. Adjusted linear regression models allowed observing an inverse association between E-DII scores and E% from minimally processed foods β = -0.049 (95%CI -0.055– -0.042) and a direct association with the E% of ultra-processed foods β = 0.052 (95%CI 0.045–0.058), indicating a relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential and the degree of industrial processing of foods.

Examining the relationships between life satisfaction and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use among school-aged children

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lew ◽  
H Xian ◽  
Z Qian ◽  
M G Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background There are many known risk factors associated with youth substance use. Nonetheless, the impact of life satisfaction (LS) on the use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana by adolescents still remains largely unknown. Methods The present analysis utilized data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children 2009–10 US study. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between LS and individual substance use. Multilevel multinomial regression models examined the relationship with total number of substances used. Results After controlling for numerous variables associated with substance use, individuals reporting low LS were significantly more likely to ever use tobacco (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.78]), alcohol (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = [1.10, 1.92]) and marijuana (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = [1.39, 2.82]). Additionally, students with low LS were significantly more likely to use two substances (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = [1.15, 3.14]) and three substances concurrently (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = [1.27, 3.16]). Conclusions The present study identified strong associations between LS and individual, as well as concurrent, substance use among adolescents. Interventions aiming to reduce adolescent substance use may benefit from incorporating components to improve LS.

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