scholarly journals Vector-Borne Pathogens in Ticks and Fleas of Client-Owned Dogs in Metro Manila, Philippines

Parasitologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Anna Regina Angela Marquez ◽  
Kieran Eamens ◽  
Mark Westman ◽  
Jan Šlapeta
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase I ◽  
Anaplasma Platys ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Identity ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Ctenocephalides felis are considered the most prevalent ectoparasites of dogs in the Philippines. Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) in these ectoparasites pose health risks to humans and animals. This study aimed to confirm the morphological and molecular identity of tick and flea species parasitising dogs in Metro Manila (Philippines) and molecularly investigate the possible presence of Bartonella spp., Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma platys DNA. Ticks (n = 58) and fleas (n = 52) on dogs from three veterinary clinics in Metro Manila were collected and identified morphologically and molecularly via amplification and sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1). Aliquots of ectoparasite DNA underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) screening for VBPs. All ticks were R. linnaei (formerly R. sanguineus s.l. “tropical lineage”), while all fleas were C. felis from clade 6 of the tropical II cluster/“Cairns” clade known from Australia. DNA of B. clarridgeiae was detected in 10% of fleas. DNA of R. felis was detected in 10% of fleas and in 3.8% of ticks. DNA of E. canis and A. platys was not detected. This study confirmed the presence of ticks and fleas as frequent ectoparasites on dogs and VBP presence emphasises the importance of preventative actions for animal health and welfare.

scholarly journals Application of advanced molecular techniques to detect vector borne pathogens from stray dogs and cats in two different climatic zones of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Jan Šlapeta ◽  
Abulaziz Alouffi ◽  
Nichola Calvani ◽  
Mohamed Alyousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Vector-borne diseases have been increasing worldwide and reported in many animals including dogs and cats. Limited or no data are currently available regarding canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia and limited information is available from other Middle Eastern countries. The aim of this study was to compare vector-borne disease prevalence between two bio-climatically distinct regions of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh province that is arid positioned at low elevation and Asir province that is humid at high elevation. Methods: Blood samples from 74d ogs from Riyadh province and 70 dogs and 44 cats from Asirprovince were collected and examined for the presence of genomic DNA of Babesias pp, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichias pp., Bartonella spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Hepatozoon spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Multiplex-tandem PCR (MT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing.Results: Seventy four dogs were tested from Riyadh province and found be negative of any pathogen. Of the 70 dogs examined from Asir province 45(64.3%) were positive. Specifically, 40 (57.1%) dogs were positive for A.platys, 20 (28.5%) for B.vogeli, 11(15.7%) for My.Haemocanis, two (2.85%) for Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and one (1.4%) for Br.henselae. Fourteen out of 44 cats (31.8%) were positive for one of the detected vector-borne pathogens. Six cats (13.6%) were positive for Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and My.haemofelis, respectively, four cats (9.2%) were positive for Br.Henselae, two (4.54%) for Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and one (2.27%) for A. platys. Conclusions: The results of this study report the occurrence of A. platys, B. vogeli, Br. henselae, and My. haemocanis in dogs and of A. platys, Br. henselae, My.haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum in cats from Asir province Further molecular investigations are strongly recommended in order to reduce the risk of dogs and cats acquiring vector-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Evaluation on the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats (Capra hircus) in Cebu, the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Ybañez ◽  
Orgil V. Arrabis ◽  
Dennis Justin M. Alvarez ◽  
Eloiza May S. Galon ◽  
Rhea Mae P. Jayag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Babesia Spp

Background: Tick-borne diseases are caused by a wide variety of viruses, pathogens, and diseases. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. are among the most known tick-borne pathogens in Asia. In the Philippines, these pathogens were already reportedly present in dogs and large ruminants, but no study has been reported yet evaluating their presence in goats. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. in goats in Cebu, the Philippines. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 blood samples from goats were collected in Cebu, the Philippines. Profile of sampled goats including age, body score, and sex was obtained. Peripheral blood smear examination and DNA extraction were performed. Nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to evaluate the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. Results: None of the samples were found positive with Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. infection. Conclusion: Tested goats were negative with Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Babesia spp. and calls for continuous surveillance of these pathogens due to the reported detection of these pathogens in other livestock animals in the area.

scholarly journals Comparison of 16S rDNA and 16S/23S Intergenic Region Sequences Among Citrus Greening Organisms in Asia

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Subandiyah ◽  
Toru Iwanami ◽  
Shinji Tsuyumu ◽  
Hiroyuki Ieki
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
African Strain ◽  
16S Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
India And China

Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify and sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and 16S/23S intergenic region of several isolates of citrus greening organism (GO) from Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Thailand. The sequences of 16S rDNA were identical among all the isolates studied, very similar to the published sequences of Thai (99.4 to 100% identity), Nepalese (100% identity), and Indian (98.8% identity) strains, and less similar to an African strain (97.5% identity). The sequences of the intergenic region between 16S and 23S rDNA were also identical among the isolates examined as well as the reported Nepalese and Thai isolates. They were close to the sequences of reported strains of India and China (99.2%) and apart from those of the African strain (85.5%). These results suggested that some isolates of GO from Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Nepal constitute one strain, which is similar to Indian and Chinese strains and distinct from the African strain.

scholarly journals Analysis of Genetic and Molecular Identity Among Field Isolates of the Rice Blast Fungus with an International Differential System, Rep-PCR, and DNA Sequencing

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Xing ◽  
Yulin Jia ◽  
James C. Correll ◽  
Fleet N. Lee ◽  
Richard Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Differential System ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Molecular Identity ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Avr Gene

The Pi-ta gene deployed in southern U.S. rice germplasm is effective in preventing the infection by strains of Magnaporthe oryzae isolates that carry the avirulence (AVR) gene AVR-Pita1. In the present study, 169 isolates from rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars, with and without Pi-ta, were analyzed for their genetic identity using an international differential system, repetitive element-based polymerase chain reaction (Rep-PCR), and sequence analysis of PCR products of AVR-Pita1. These isolates belong to the races IA1, IB1, IB17, IC1, and IC17 of M. oryzae. These isolates were further classified into 15 distinct groups by Rep-PCR. There was a predominant group within each race. Pathogenicity assays on ‘Katy’ (Pi-ta) and ‘M202’ (pi-ta) rice determined that IC1 was virulent to Katy and M202; IB17, IC17, and most of IA1 and IB1 were avirulent to Katy and virulent to M202, suggesting that the Pi-ta gene in Katy is responsible for preventing infection by these isolates. Consistently, AVR-Pita1 was not amplified from 28 virulent isolates. One AVR-Pita1 allele was amplified by AVR-Pita1-specific primers in 78 avirulent isolates. Interestingly, different AVR-Pita1 alleles were found in each of the 12 avirulent isolates, as determined by DNA sequencing. Sequence analysis of 90 PCR products revealed 10 AVR-Pita1 haplotypes, 4 of which were new. In total, 12 amino acid changes were identified in the new variants when compared with the first described AVR-Pita sequence (AF207841). The finding of isolates with altered AVR-Pita1 from rice cultivars with and without Pi-ta suggests that these virulent isolates were adapted to the field environments in the southern United States. Further research will be needed to verify this prediction.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MOLEKULER FILOGENETIK DAN STRUKTUR ANTIGENIC VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA SUBTIPE H5N1 ISOLAT LAMPUNG TAHUN 2008-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Agus Srihanto ◽  
Widya Asmara ◽  
Michael Haryadi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Multiple Alignment ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Phylogenic Tree ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan karakterisasi molekuler antigenic site terhadap isolat virus avian influenza (AI) Balai Penyidikan dan Pengujian Veteriner (BPPV) Regional III Lampung dari tahun 2008-2013. Amplifikasi RNA dilakukan dengan teknik reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan 4 pasang primer referens dari Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL) Geelong Australia (HA10, HA20, dan HA30) dan dilanjutkan dengan proses pengurutan. Analisis hasil pengurutan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak MEGA versi 5.05 yang meliputi multiple alignment, deductive amino acids prediction, dan phylogenic tree analysis diperoleh hasil perbedaan genetik antar isolat Lampung dari tahun 2003-2013 ditemukan berkisar 1,1-9,1% dengan tingkat homologi mencapai 90,9-98,9%. Variasi genetik ditemukan adanya substitusi pada posisi 53 (R53K), 126 (D126E), 136 (P136), 138 (H138Q, dan H138L), 140 (R140K, R140S, dan R140N), 141 (S141P), dan 189 (K189R). Berdasarkan analisis filogenic tree isolat Lampung tahun 2008-2011 termasuk ke dalam clade 2.1.3. Analisis filogenik isolat AI tahun 2012-2013 yang menginfeksi unggas air mempunyai homologi sekitar 98,5-99,1% dibandingkan dengan isolat AI yang menginfeksi unggas air asal Jawa dan termasuk ke dalam clade 2.3.2.1.

LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES IN COW’S MILK PRODUCED BY FAMILY-OWNED DAIRY FARMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Benedito Menozzi
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Refrigeration is an important milk preservation method. However, milk quality may deteriorate if the product is refrigerated for long periods, mainly due to the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. This group of microorganisms includes pathogenic genera, most notably Listeria monocytogenes. The detection of this bacterium in food is important, given its pathogenic effects on human and animal health and also its economic relevance. This study focused on detecting the presence of L. monocytogenes in milk samples collected at small family-owned dairy farms. Samples were cultivated on PALCAM and ALOA agars for microbiological analysis and a molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction was performed for the detection of L. monocytogenes. Despite the negative results obtained in both these analyses, further studies are recommended to confirm or refute the negligible effect of L. monocytogenes on small dairy farms.

Broader prevalence of Wolbachia in insects including potential human disease vectors

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. de Oliveira ◽  
D.S. Gonçalves ◽  
L.A. Baton ◽  
P.H.F. Shimabukuro ◽  
F.D. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Disease ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractWolbachia are intracellular, maternally transmitted bacteria considered the most abundant endosymbionts found in arthropods. They reproductively manipulate their host in order to increase their chances of being transmitted to the offspring, and currently are being used as a tool to control vector-borne diseases. Studies on distribution of Wolbachia among its arthropod hosts are important both for better understanding why this bacterium is so common, as well as for its potential use as a biological control agent. Here, we studied the incidence of Wolbachia in a broad range of insect species, collected from different regions of Brazil, using three genetic markers (16S rRNA, wsp and ftsZ), which varied in terms of their sensitivity to detect this bacterium. The overall incidence of Wolbachia among species belonging to 58 families and 14 orders was 61.9%. The most common positive insect orders were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera, with Diptera and Hemiptera having the highest numbers of Wolbachia-positive families. They included potential human disease vectors whose infection status has never been reported before. Our study further shows the importance of using quantitative polymerase chain reaction for high-throughput and sensitive Wolbachia screening.

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