scholarly journals Prevalence, Virulence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Hunted in Tuscany (Central Italy)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Stefano Bilei ◽  
Teresa Bossù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Virulence Factor Genes

Wild boar is an animal the population of which constantly increases in Europe. This animal plays an important role as a reservoir for several pathogens, including three of the most important zoonoses: salmonellosis, yersiniosis and listeriosis. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant and virulence factor genes of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from wild boar in Tuscany (Central Italy). During two consequent hunting seasons (2018/2019 and 2019/2020), rectal swabs, spleens and livers were collected from 287 hunted wild boar to isolate strains. Each isolate was tested to investigate its antimicrobial resistance and to detect virulence factor genes by PCR. Eighteen Salmonella strains (6.27%) were isolated. Of these, 66.7% were resistant to streptomycin, 13.4% to cephalothin, 6.67% to imipenem and one isolate (6.67%) was resistant simultaneously to five antimicrobials. Moreover, the most detected genes were sopE (73.4%), pipB (66.7%), sodCI (53.3%), spvR and spvC (46.7%). In total, 54 (17.8%) Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated; of them, 26 (48.1%), 9 (16.7%), 17 (31.5%), 1 (1.85%) and 1 (1.85%) belonged to biotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. All strains (100%) demonstrated resistance to cephalothin and 70.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 55.6% to ampicillin, and 37.0% to cefoxitin. Additionally, the most detected genes were ystA (25.9%), inv (24.1%), ail (22.2%), ystB (18.5%) and virF (14.8%). Finally, only one Listeriamonocytogenes isolate (0.35%) was obtained, belonging to serogroup IVb, serovar 4b, and it was found to be resistant to cefoxitin, cefotaxime and nalidixic acid. The results highlighted the role of wild boar as a carrier for pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogens, representing a possible reservoir for domestic animals and human pathogens.

Occurrence of Zoonotic Bacteria in Retail Game Meat in Japan with Special Reference to Erysipelothrix

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOKO KANAI ◽  
HIDEKI HAYASHIDANI ◽  
KEN-ICHI KANEKO ◽  
MASUO OGAWA ◽  
TOSHIO TAKAHASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

From December 1993 to March 1994, a total of 93 wild boar and 30 deer meat samples were purchased from 13 retail shops and examined for the presence of species of Erysipelothrix, Yersinia, Listeria, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Erysipelothrix spp. were isolated from 41 wild boar and 15 deer samples. These isolates were identified as 13 serotypes. Serotypes 6 and 2 were the most predominant. Of 17 isolates examined, 14 isolates were highly virulent for mice. The bacteria of the same serotype were isolated repeatedly from the samples purchased in 4 of the shops. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from 36 wild boar and 10 deer samples; however, all isolates of Y. enterocolitica did not have pathogenic properties. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 5 wild boar samples. The isolates were identified as serotype 1/2c and 4b. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 2 wild boar samples; one isolate was identified as S. typhimurium and the other was untypable. Campylobacter spp. were not detected.

scholarly journals Presence and Characterization of Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens in Wild Boar Hunting Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) in Tuscany (Italy)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Filippo Fratini ◽  
Barbara Turchi ◽  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Luca Turini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Work Activity ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Rectal Swabs

Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) used for wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunting may represent incidental hosts for several zoonotic pathogens. This investigation aimed to evaluate the presence of anti-Leptospira antibodies and the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes in sera and rectal swabs collected from 42 domestic hunting dogs in the Tuscany region (Italy). Regarding Leptospira, 31 out of 42 serum samples (73.8%) were positive and serogroup Pomona was the most detected (71.4%) at titers between 1:100 and 1:400. Four Salmonella isolates (9.52%) were obtained, all belonging to serotype Infantis; two of them showed antimicrobial resistance to streptomycin, while pipB and sopE presence was assessed in all but one isolate. Concerning Yersinia enterocolitica, seven isolates (16.7%) were obtained, six belonging to biotype 1 and one to biotype 4. Resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cephalothin, and ampicillin was detected. Biotype 4 presented three of the virulence genes searched (ystA, ystB, inv), while isolates of biotype 1 showed only one gene. No Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from dog rectal swabs. The results suggest that hunting dogs are exposed to different bacterial zoonotic agents, potentially linked to their work activity, and highlight the possible health risks for humans.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus and Related Flavivirus in European Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Latium Region, Italy: A Retrospective Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Angela Petruccelli ◽  
Tiziana Zottola ◽  
Gianmarco Ferrara ◽  
Valentina Iovane ◽  
Cristina Di Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar

Background: A retrospective sero-survey for evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in European wild boar (Sus scorfa) was conducted in the Latium region, Italy, on stored serum samples of the period November 2011 to January 2012. Methods: Sera were collected from 168 European wild boars and screened for antibodies to WNV and other Flaviviruses by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). All sera positive for Flavivirus antibodies by cELISA were further examined by virus neutralization test (VNT). To test the presence of Flavivirus RNA in samples, an RT-PCR was performed using a pan-Flavivirus primers pair. Results: Thirteen wild boars (7.73%) were seropositive for Flaviviruses. The hemolysis of serum samples limited the interpretation of the VNT for 7 samples, confirming the presence of specific antibody against WNV in a single European wild boar serum sample. The presence of ELISA positive/VNT negative samples suggests the occurrence of non-neutralizing antibodies against WNV or other antigen-related Flaviviruses. No samples resulted positive for Flavivirus by RT-PCR assay. Conclusion: Although a moderately high percentage of animals with specific antibody for WNV has been detected in wild boar in other surveillance studies in Europe, this has not been reported previously in Italy. Together, these data indicate that European wild boar are exposed to WNV and/or other related-Flavivirus in central Italy and confirm the usefulness of wild ungulates, as suitable Flavivirus sentinels.

scholarly journals Saúde Animal, Biossegurança e Segurança dos alimentos

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
R. Potes ◽  
M.A. Laranjo ◽  
L. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Alguns perigos que podem ameaçar a saúde dos consumidores de carne de porco e de produtos processados estão relacionados com a saúde animal ou com a manipulação da matéria-prima desde o abate dos animais, a transformação e até ao consumo. Entre os perigos químicos consideram-se as substâncias com efeitos anabólicos, os resíduos de substâncias medicamentosas e os contaminantes químicos, alguns com origem na produção animal ou produzidos durante o processamento. No que se refere aos perigos biológicos, podem encontrar-se alguns parasitas como Toxoplasma gondii, Trichinella spiralis e Taenia solium e também bactérias como Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes. As características físico-químicas da carne fresca facilitam o crescimento de diversos microrganismos, para além dos mencionados anteriormente, o que a torna altamente perecível. Os diferentes processos de transformação desta matéria-prima, não só permitem obter diferentes alimentos para o consumidor como constituem formas de aumentar a sua vida útil. Entre os processos de transformação incluem-se a secagem, a fermentação e a cura. Em Portugal há uma grande variedade de produtos cárneos tais como Chouriço, Paio, Presunto, Salsichão e Catalão, muitos dos quais são fabricados segundo as técnicas tradicionais das diferentes regiões de onde são originários. Alguns destes produtos têm sido estudados na Universidade de Évora. Apresentaremos alguns resultados que mostram o efeito favorável de vários processos de transformação no controlo de alguns dos perigos biológicos mencionados.

scholarly journals PSEUDORABIES VIRUS IN EUROPEAN WILD BOAR FROM CENTRAL ITALY

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lari ◽  
Davide Lorenzi ◽  
Daniele Nigrelli ◽  
Emiliana Brocchi ◽  
Silvia Faccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
European Wild Boar

Prevalence of Salmonellae, Listeriae, and Yersiniae in the Slaughterhouse Environment and on Work Surfaces, Equipment, and Workers

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELA LUCIA SAMMARCO ◽  
GIANCARLO RIPABELLI ◽  
ADDOLORATO RUBERTO ◽  
GIORGIO IANNITTO ◽  
GUIDO MARIA GRASSO
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Molise Region

In 1995 and 1996 a nine-month study was carried out in 11 pig abattoirs located in the Molise region (Italy) to evaluate the degree of contamination of- the slaughterhouse environment, work surfaces, equipment, and personnel by Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Yersinia spp. A total of 219 samples were taken over three replications including slaughtering floor and wall, hooks, work-tables, chopping blocks, knives, cleavers, dehairing devices, hands of personnel, clothing, hand-wash basins, and cold room handles, floor, wall, and hooks. Overall, six abattoirs (54.5%) had one or more positive sites, while only 14 of the 219 sites (6.4%) tested were positive for any of considered microorganisms. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 1 of 9 cleavers (11.1 %), 1 of 16 worktables (6.25%), and 1 of 18 slaughtering floors (5.6%). Yersinia enterocolitica was found on 3 slaughtering floors (16.7%) and on 2 worktables (12.5%). Yersinia kristensenii was detected on 2 slaughtering floor swabs (11.1 %). Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from 2 of 20 cold room floor swabs (13.3%) and from 1 of 14 hand-wash basins (7.1%). Other species of Listeria were detected on slaughtering wall and floor swabs and on chopping blocks. Our study indicates that slaughtering floors, cold room floors, and worktables are important sites in abattoirs that may possibly harbor pathogens like Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, and Listeria monocytogenes, and that cleaning and sanitizing of the slaughterhouse environment and equipment need a greater emphasis.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide in Minimizing Food Safety Risk Associated with Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on Sweet Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1259
Author(s):  
Phillip Luu ◽  
Vijay Singh Chhetri ◽  
Marlene E. Janes ◽  
Joan M. King ◽  
Achyut Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Food Safety Risk

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a commonly used sanitizer in the produce industry despite its limited effectiveness against contaminated human pathogens in fresh produce. Aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an alternative sanitizer offering a greater oxidizing potency with greater efficacy in reducing a large number of microorganisms. We investigated the effect of aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment against human pathogens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes seeded on sweet potatoes. Sweet potatoes were spot inoculated (4.2 to 5.7 log CFU/cm2) with multi-strain cocktails of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7, and L. monocytogenes and treated for 10–30 min with 5 ppm aqueous ClO2 or water. Aqueous ClO2 treatment was significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing Salmonella with a reduction of 2.14 log CFU/cm2 within 20 min compared to 1.44 log CFU/cm2 for water treatment. Similar results were observed for L. monocytogenes with a 1.98 log CFU/cm2 reduction compared to 0.49 log CFU/cm2 reduction observed after 30 min treatment with aqueous ClO2 the water respectively. The maximum reduction in E. coli O157: H7 reached 2.1 Log CFU/cm2 after 20 min of treatment with aqueous ClO2. The level of the pathogens in ClO2 wash solutions, after the treatment, was below the detectable limit. While in the water wash solutions, the pathogens’ populations ranged from 3.47 to 4.63 log CFU/mL. Our study indicates that aqueous ClO2 is highly effective in controlling cross-contamination during postharvest washing of sweet potatoes.

scholarly journals Brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos estudiados mediante técnicas moleculares

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-678
Author(s):  
Elkin Enrique Hernández Porras ◽  
Liliana Elisa Rosero Torres ◽  
Eliana Liseth Parra Barrera ◽  
Jaime Alberto Guerrero Montilla ◽  
Adriana Leonor Gómez Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Objetivo Aplicar una técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) múltiple en tiempo real para la detección de Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes y Yersinia enterocolitica, como herramienta de apoyo diagnóstico en la vigilancia de brotes de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos.Materiales y Métodos Se aplicó la metodología molecular en muestras clínicas provenientes de individuos que estaban asociados a brotes de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de dos departamentos de Colombia. Los resultados se compararon con los datos arrojados por la metodología convencional de cultivo. Adicionalmente a los aislamientos obtenidos se les evaluó relación clonal mediante la técnica de electroforesis de campo pulsado (PFGE).Resultados Se determinó un total de 123 casos de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos de los cuales 45 muestras biológicas fueron confirmadas por laboratorio y 88 mediante nexo epidemiológico. La metodología molecular detectó 35/45 muestras positivas frente a 17/45 muestras positivas detectadas mediante la metodología convencional. La PFGE demostró relación clonal en cada brote.Conclusión Los resultados del estudio demuestran la aplicabilidad de la técnica molecular como herramienta útil de apoyo diagnóstico en la caracterización de brotes de enfermedad transmitida por alimentos, permitiendo una respuesta oportuna y confiable.

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