scholarly journals Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Genotype 2d-Based Virus-like Particles (VLPs) Induced Broad Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies against Diverse Genotypes and Provided Protection in Dual-Challenge Infection of a PCV2d Virus and a Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Seok-Jin Kang ◽  
Sung-Min Bae ◽  
Hye-Jeong Lee ◽  
Young-Ju Jeong ◽  
Min-A Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Diverse Field

As PCV2d infection has been continuously reported in swine farms in which pigs were vaccinated with PCV2a- or 2d-based vaccines, we attempted to develop a novel vaccine using a PCV2d-based capsid to enhance its protective efficacy. In this study, recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of rPCV2a, rPCV2b and rPCV2d were synthesized from the capsid proteins of PCV2a, PCV2b and PCV2d field isolates, respectively. A cross-neutralization assay between the VLPs induced antisera and the field isolates demonstrated the broad cross-neutralizing activities of the rPCV2d-induced antisera. Then, the protective efficacy of rPCV2d as a vaccine candidate was investigated in commercial pigs by rPCV2d vaccination and a single- or dual-challenge infection using a PCV2d strain and a type 1 PRRSV strain. High levels of anti-PCV2d IgG and neutralizing antibodies were induced 3 weeks after vaccination. After the challenge infection, the average ADWG values of the vaccinated group were higher than those of the unvaccinated group. None or a significantly low amount of (p < 0.05) reduced PCV2 genomic DNA was found in the blood, saliva and tissues of the vaccinated pigs, when compared to the unvaccinated group. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the tissues were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the vaccinated groups. This study therefore suggests that rPCV2d may be highly useful for the control of diverse field genotypes.

scholarly journals Comparison of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-associated lesions produced by co-infection between two genotypes of PCV2 and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 2486-2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhoon Park ◽  
Hwi Won Seo ◽  
Su-Jin Park ◽  
Kiwon Han ◽  
Chanhee Chae
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concurrent Infections

The objective of this study was to compare the virulence and pathogenicity of a combination of concurrent infections of two genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and two genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in terms of PCV2 viraemia, and PCV2-associated lesions and antigens in co-infected pigs. Pigs with PCV2a (or 2b)/type 1 (or type 2) PRRSV had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean clinical respiratory scores and lower average daily weight gain compared with pigs with PCV2a (or 2b). Co-infection induced significantly lower levels of anti-PCV2 and anti-PRRSV IgG antibodies than infection with one genotype alone, regardless of the genotype of the two viruses. Pigs with PCV2a (or 2b)/type 2 PRRSV had significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of PCV2 viraemia, more severe PCV2-associated lesions, and more PCV2 DNA within the lesions compared with pigs with PCV2a (or 2b)/type 1 PRRSV. However, there was no significant difference in these parameters in pigs with PCV2a/type 2 PRRSV or PCV2b/type 2 PRRSV. The results of this study demonstrate significant differences in the virulence and pathogenicity of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV but no significant differences in the virulence and pathogenicity of PCV2a and PCV2b with respect to the production of PCV2-associated lesions.

scholarly journals Studies on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccination of 5-Day-Old Piglets

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1865-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. O'Neill ◽  
H. G. Shen ◽  
K. Lin ◽  
M. Hemann ◽  
N. M. Beach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Associated Lesions

ABSTRACTPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccines have become widely used since they became available in 2006. It is not uncommon for producers to use PCV2 vaccines in pigs younger than what is approved by manufacturers. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chimeric and a subunit PCV2 vaccine administered at 5 or 21 days of age. Forty-eight PCV2-naïve piglets were randomly divided into six groups of eight pigs each. Vaccination was done at day 5 or day 21, followed by triple challenge with PCV2, porcine parvovirus (PPV), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) at day 49. Vaccinated pigs seroconverted to PCV2 approximately 14 days postvaccination and had a detectable neutralizing antibody response by 21 days postvaccination regardless of age at vaccination. At day 49, the pigs vaccinated with the chimeric vaccine had significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies than the pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine. After challenge, vaccinated pigs had significantly decreased levels of PCV2 viremia and a decreased prevalence and severity of microscopic lesions compared to the positive-control group, which had severe lymphoid lesions associated with abundant PCV2 antigen, compatible with PCV-associated disease. The results of this study indicate that, under the conditions of this study, vaccination of PCV2-naïve pigs at day 5 or day 21 resulted in development of a detectable humoral immune response and provided reduction or complete protection against PCV2 viremia and PCV2-associated lesions after triple challenge with PCV2, PPV, and PRRSV.

Generation and immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 chimeric virus-like particles displaying porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 epitope B

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 1896-1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaowei Hu ◽  
Naidong Wang ◽  
Wanting Yu ◽  
Zhanfeng Wang ◽  
Yawen Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Chimeric Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particles

scholarly journals Mucosal but Not Parenteral Immunization with Purified Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Virus-Like Particles Induces Neutralizing Titers of Antibodies throughout the Estrous Cycle of Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 9609-9613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Nardelli-Haefliger ◽  
Richard Roden ◽  
Carole Balmelli ◽  
Alexandra Potts ◽  
John Schiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 ◽  
Parenteral Immunization

ABSTRACT We have recently shown that nasal immunization of anesthetized mice with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) virus-like particles (VLPs) is highly effective at inducing both neutralizing immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG in genital secretions, while parenteral immunization induced only neutralizing IgG. Our data also demonstrated that both isotypes are similarly neutralizing according to an in vitro pseudotyped neutralization assay. However, it is known that various amounts of IgA and IgG are produced in genital secretions along the estrous cycle. Therefore, we have investigated how this variation influences the amount of HPV16 neutralizing antibodies induced after immunization with VLPs. We have compared parenteral and nasal protocols of vaccination with daily samplings of genital secretions of mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed that total IgA and IgG inversely varied along the estrous cycle, with the largest amounts of IgA in proestrus-estrus and the largest amount of IgG in diestrus. This resulted in HPV16 neutralizing titers of IgG only being achieved during diestrus upon parenteral immunization. In contrast, nasal vaccination induced neutralizing titers of IgA plus IgG throughout the estrous cycle, as confirmed by in vitro pseudotyped neutralization assays. Our data suggest that mucosal immunization might be more efficient than parenteral immunization at inducing continuous protection of the female genital tract.

scholarly journals A Simplified SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Gaetano Donofrio ◽  
Valentina Franceschi ◽  
Francesca Macchi ◽  
Luca Russo ◽  
Anna Rocci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
World Population ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Eradication Strategy ◽  
The World

COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic caused by the highly infectious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that is engaging worldwide scientific research to find a timely and effective eradication strategy. Great efforts have been put into anti-COVID-19 vaccine generation in an effort to protect the world population and block SARS-CoV-2 spread. To validate the protective efficacy of the vaccination campaign and effectively control the pandemic, it is necessary to quantify the induction of neutralizing antibodies by vaccination, as they have been established to be a correlate of protection. In this work, a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, based on a replication-incompetent lentivirus expressing an adapted form of CoV-2 S protein and an ACE2/TMPRSS2 stably expressing cell line, has been minimized in terms of protocol steps without loss of accuracy. The goal of the present simplified neutralization system is to improve SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign by means of an easy and accessible approach to be performed in any medical laboratory, maintaining the sensitivity and quantitative reliability of classical serum neutralization assays. Further, this assay can be easily adapted to different coronavirus variants by simply modifying the pseudotyping vector.

scholarly journals Porcine circovirus 2 capsid protein produced in N. benthamiana forms virus-like particles that elicit production of virus-neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmin Park ◽  
Kyungmin Min ◽  
Nam Hyung Kim ◽  
Ji-hwan Kim ◽  
Minhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

scholarly journals Protective efficacy of a virus-vectored multi-component vaccine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and swine influenza virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 3026-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debin Tian ◽  
Harini Sooryanarain ◽  
Shannon R. Matzinger ◽  
Phil C. Gauger ◽  
Anbu K. Karuppannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus

scholarly journals Influence of N-Linked Glycosylation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GP5 on Virus Infectivity, Antigenicity, and Ability To Induce Neutralizing Antibodies

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 3994-4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israrul H. Ansari ◽  
Byungjoon Kwon ◽  
Fernando A. Osorio ◽  
Asit K. Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
Neutralization Epitope ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity

ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a major inducer of neutralizing antibodies in vivo. Three putative N-linked glycosylation sites (N34, N44, and N51) are located on the GP5 ectodomain, where a major neutralization epitope also exists. To determine which of these putative sites are used for glycosylation and the role of the glycan moieties in the neutralizing antibody response, we generated a panel of GP5 mutants containing amino acid substitutions at these sites. Biochemical studies with expressed wild-type (wt) and mutant proteins revealed that the mature GP5 contains high-mannose-type sugar moieties at all three sites. These mutations were subsequently incorporated into a full-length cDNA clone. Our data demonstrate that mutations involving residue N44 did not result in infectious progeny production, indicating that N44 is the most critical amino acid residue for infectivity. Viruses carrying mutations at N34, N51, and N34/51 grew to lower titers than the wt PRRSV. In serum neutralization assays, the mutant viruses exhibited enhanced sensitivity to neutralization by wt PRRSV-specific antibodies. Furthermore, inoculation of pigs with the mutant viruses induced significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against the mutant as well as the wt PRRSV, suggesting that the loss of glycan residues in the ectodomain of GP5 enhances both the sensitivity of these viruses to in vitro neutralization and the immunogenicity of the nearby neutralization epitope. These results should have great significance for development of PRRSV vaccines of enhanced protective efficacy.

scholarly journals Induction of Systemic and Mucosal Cross-Clade Neutralizing Antibodies in BALB/c Mice Immunized with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Clade A Virus-Like Particles Administered by Different Routes of Inoculation

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 7059-7067 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Buonaguro ◽  
M. L. Visciano ◽  
M. L. Tornesello ◽  
M. Tagliamonte ◽  
B. Biryahwaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT We have recently developed a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine model, based on virus-like particles (VLPs) expressing gp120 from a Ugandan HIV-1 isolate of clade A (HIV-VLPAs), which shows the induction of neutralizing antibodies as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. In the present study, immunization experiments based on a multiple-dose regimen have been performed with BALB/c mice to compare different routes of administration. i.p. and intranasal (i.n.), but not oral, administration induce systemic as well as mucosal (vaginal and intestinal) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA responses. These immune sera exhibit >50% ex vivo neutralizing activity against both autologous and heterologous primary isolates. Furthermore, the administration of HIV-VLPAs by the i.n. immunization route induces a specific CTL activity, although at lower efficiency than the i.p. route. The HIV-VLPAs represent an efficient strategy to stimulate both arms of immunity; furthermore, the induction of specific humoral immunity at mucosal sites, which nowadays represent the main port of entry for HIV-1 infection, is of great interest. All these properties, and the possible cross-clade in vivo protection, could make these HIV-VLPAs a good candidate for a mono- and multicomponent worldwide preventive vaccine approach not restricted to high-priority regions, such as sub-Saharan countries.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Immune Responses to Influenza Virus-Like Particles and Dose-Dependence of Protection with a Single Vaccination

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 4489-4497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Shi Quan ◽  
Dae-Goon Yoo ◽  
Jae-Min Song ◽  
John D. Clements ◽  
Richard W. Compans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT The format of influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) as a nonreplicating particulate vaccine candidate is a promising alternative to conventional egg-based vaccines. In this study, we have investigated the detailed kinetics of immune responses and protective efficacy after a single intranasal immunization with different doses of VLPs alone or in the presence of an Escherichia coli mutant heat-labile enterotoxin [mLT(R192G)] or cholera toxin subunit B as adjuvants. Analysis of immune responses showed differential kinetics in a VLP antigen dose-dependent manner and dynamic changes in the ratios of antibody immunoglobulin G isotypes over the time course. Protection against lethal challenge was observed with a single immunization with influenza VLPs even without adjuvant. The addition of adjuvant showed significant antigen-sparing effects with improved protective efficacy. The protective immune responses, efficacies of protection, and antigen-sparing effects were significantly improved by a second immunization as determined by the levels of neutralizing antibodies, morbidity postchallenge, lung viral titers, and inflammatory cytokines. Our results are informative for a better understanding of the protective immunity induced by a single dose or two doses of influenza VLPs, which is dependent on antigen dosage and the presence of adjuvant, and will provide insights into designing effective vaccines based on VLPs.

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