scholarly journals Biological Control of Plant Diseases: An Evolutionary and Eco-Economic Consideration

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
Dun-Chun He ◽  
Meng-Han He ◽  
Divina M. Amalin ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Dionisio G. Alvindia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Positive Externality

Biological control is considered as a promising alternative to pesticide and plant resistance to manage plant diseases, but a better understanding of the interaction of its natural and societal functions is necessary for its endorsement. The introduction of biological control agents (BCAs) alters the interaction among plants, pathogens, and environments, leading to biological and physical cascades that influence pathogen fitness, plant health, and ecological function. These interrelationships generate a landscape of tradeoffs among natural and social functions of biological control, and a comprehensive evaluation of its benefits and costs across social and farmer perspectives is required to ensure the sustainable development and deployment of the approach. Consequently, there should be a shift of disease control philosophy from a single concept that only concerns crop productivity to a multifaceted concept concerning crop productivity, ecological function, social acceptability, and economical accessibility. To achieve these goals, attempts should make to develop “green” BCAs used dynamically and synthetically with other disease control approaches in an integrated disease management scheme, and evolutionary biologists should play an increasing role in formulating the strategies. Governments and the public should also play a role in the development and implementation of biological control strategies supporting positive externality.

scholarly journals The Role of Bacillus-Based Biological Control Agents in Integrated Pest Management Systems: Plant Diseases

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1272-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Jacobsen ◽  
N. K. Zidack ◽  
B. J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Management Tools

Bacillus-based biological control agents (BCAs) have great potential in integrated pest management (IPM) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other IPM management tools. Unfortunately, most research has focused on BCAs as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. IPM has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for IPM definition: “A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks.” This review will examine the integrated use of Bacillus-based BCAs with disease management tools, including resistant cultivars, fungicides or bactericides, or other BCAs. This integration is important because the consistency and degree of disease control by Bacillus-based BCAs is rarely equal to the control afforded by the best fungicides or bactericides. In theory, integration of several tools brings stability to disease management programs. Integration of BCAs with other disease management tools often provides broader crop adaptation and both more efficacious and consistent levels of disease control. This review will also discuss the use of Bacillus-based BCAs in fungicide resistance management. Work with Bacillus thuringiensis and insect pest management is the exception to the relative paucity of reports but will not be the focus of this review.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of the First European Bacteriophages with Depolymerase Activity and Biocontrol Efficacy Against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Biosca ◽  
José F. Català-Senent ◽  
Àngela Figàs-Segura ◽  
Edson Bertolini ◽  
María M. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most destructive plant diseases. While chemical control has an environmental impact, biological control strategies can allow sustainable agrosystems. Three lytic bacteriophages (phages) of R. solanacearum with biocontrol capacity in environmental water and plant were isolated from river water in Europe but not fully characterized, their genomic characterization being fundamental to understand their biology. In this work, the phage genomes were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The morphology was also observed by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with a selection of phages able to infect R. solanacearum and the closely related phytopathogenic species R. pseudosolanacearum. The results indicated that the genomes of vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 range from 40,688 to 41,158 bp with almost 59% GC-contents, 52 ORFs in vRsoP-WF2 and vRsoP-WM2, and 53 in vRsoP-WR2 but, with only 22 or 23 predicted proteins with functional homologs in databases. Among them, two lysins and one exopolysaccharide (EPS) depolymerase, this type of depolymerase being identified in R. solanacearum phages for the first time. These three European phages belong to the same novel species within the Gyeongsanvirus, Autographiviridae family (formerly Podoviridae). These genomic data will contribute to a better understanding of the abilities of these phages to damage host cells and, consequently, to an improvement in the biological control of R. solanacearum.

Ecological succession and biological control in the phyllosphere

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Marois ◽  
P. M. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Understanding biological control of plant diseases is dependent on an understanding of succession in microbial communities. The colonization of aboveground plant parts by saprophytic microbes is not well understood, but it appears to follow the same model as that in soil communities. When a nutrient source is added, such as plant debris, there is a succession of organisms organized along a spectrum of complexity of carbohydrate utilization. A similar phenomenon may occur during the colonization of plant parts newly exposed by natural development or by wounds, upon which many pathogens depend to serve as sites of infection. These nutrient utilization strategies have been interpreted as indicative of r (rapidly utilizing simple sugars) and K (slowly utilizing lignin) life strategies. If the concepts of r and K species are applicable to microbes, it could indicate what type of interaction would be most likely to be successful for biological control. For example, pathogens that are r species may be better controlled by competition, and K pathogenic species better controlled by parasitism. However, for any interaction to take place, the control agent's environmental requirements, both biotic and abiotic, must overlap with that of the pathogen. The concepts of ecological succession and r and K species, if appropriate for microorganisms, may prove very valuable when developing biological control strategies. Key words: antibioses, competition, island biogeography, parasitism.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Plant Diseases in Changing Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2000
Author(s):  
Mukesh Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Health Related

Excessive pesticide application for plant disease control can result in environmental and health-related problems [...]

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of the First European Bacteriophages with Depolymerase Activity and Biocontrol Efficacy against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
Elena G. Biosca ◽  
José Francisco Català-Senent ◽  
Àngela Figàs-Segura ◽  
Edson Bertolini ◽  
María M. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt, one of the most destructive plant diseases. While chemical control has an environmental impact, biological control strategies can allow sustainable agrosystems. Three lytic bacteriophages (phages) of R. solanacearum with biocontrol capacity in environmental water and plants were isolated from river water in Europe but not fully analysed, their genomic characterization being fundamental to understand their biology. In this work, the phage genomes were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatic analysis. The morphology was also observed by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with a selection of phages able to infect R. solanacearum and the closely related phytopathogenic species R. pseudosolanacearum. The results indicated that the genomes of vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 range from 40,688 to 41,158 bp with almost 59% GC-contents, 52 ORFs in vRsoP-WF2 and vRsoP-WM2, and 53 in vRsoP-WR2 but, with only 22 or 23 predicted proteins with functional homologs in databases. Among them, two lysins and one exopolysaccharide (EPS) depolymerase, this type of depolymerase being identified in R. solanacearum phages for the first time. These three European phages belong to the same novel species within the Gyeongsanvirus, Autographiviridae family (formerly Podoviridae). These genomic data will contribute to a better understanding of the abilities of these phages to damage host cells and, consequently, to an improvement in the biological control of R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals Multiple strategies for effective pathogen control

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Spiers ◽  
R.A.G. Elmer ◽  
R.N. Wood ◽  
T. Reglinski ◽  
K.G. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Fruit Disease

Market tolerance of fungicide residues on fruit is declining and alternative disease control strategies are required An integrated management system to reduce and ultimately replace fungicides with acceptable alternatives is being developed The components include improved knowledge of pathogen epidemiology thereby optimising the timing of fungicides manipulation of tree nutrition to enhance fruit disease resistance biological control inoculum removal strategies to reduce disease risk and postharvest treatment for improved storage life The integration of these disease management tools provides the basis for consistent and more effective disease control This paper describes research with Monilinia fructicola the cause of brown rot in summerfruit to highlight the benefits of this multifaceted approach Green immature fruit (prepit hardening) were susceptible to infection highlighting the need for fruit protection at this stage Foliar calcium biological control inoculum removal and postharvest treatment each significantly reduced brown rot incidence but field validation of a combined approach is still required

Reduce Disease Burden of Human Schistosomiasis in Asia Through Biological Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132
Author(s):  
Sidra Saleem ◽  
Haroon Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Siddiqui ◽  
Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc ◽  
Aisha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Neglected Disease ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Near Future

Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by a trematode blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma that belongs to the Schistosomatidae family. It is a neglected disease in different regions of Asia. In this review, 218 articles (between 2000 and 2017) related to the topic were collected from PubMed and Google scholar and reviewed. After thoroughly reading collected articles, due to irrelevant topic requirements, 94 articles were excluded. Articles that have data associated with Asian regions are considered. In Asia, the disease is prevalent in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Yemen, Nepal and Laos, etc. While in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh, the disease is not endemic and very few cases were reported. The disease was eliminated from Japan and Iran. The current review highlights the geographical distribution among Asian countries, transmission patterns, diagnosis, control strategies based on the use of anthelmintic plants and management practices implemented in Asia for the control of schistosomiasis. However, new implementations to treat schistosomiasis in humans should be proved to eliminate the disease finally in the future. This review emphasizes the biological control of schistosomiasis for the eradication of the disease from Asia in the near future.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

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