scholarly journals Demographic, Husbandry, and Biosecurity Factors Associated with the Presence of Campylobacter spp. in Small Poultry Flocks in Ontario, Canada

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Paige M. Schweitzer ◽  
Leonardo Susta ◽  
Csaba Varga ◽  
Marina L. Brash ◽  
Michele T. Guerin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
Pooled Sample ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

This study is part of a 2 year disease surveillance project conducted to establish the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens, including Campylobacter spp., among small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada. For each post-mortem submission to the Animal Health Laboratory, a pooled sample of cecal tissue was cultured for Campylobacter spp., and a husbandry and biosecurity questionnaire was completed by the flock owner (n = 153). Using both laboratory and questionnaire data, our objective was to investigate demographic, husbandry, and biosecurity factors associated with the presence of Campylobacter spp. in small flocks. Two multivariable logistic regression models were built. In the farm model, the odds of Campylobacter spp. were higher in turkeys, and when birds were housed in a mixed group with different species and/or types of birds. The odds were lower when antibiotics were used within the last 12 months, and when birds had at least some free-range access. The effect of pest control depended on the number of birds at risk. In the coop model, the odds of Campylobacter spp. were lower when owners wore dedicated clothing when entering the coop. These results can be used to limit the transmission of Campylobacter spp. from small poultry flocks to humans.

Demographic factors associated with missed follow-up among solid tumor patients treated at a large multi-site academic institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 2635-2643
Author(s):  
Samantha L Freije ◽  
Jordan A Holmes ◽  
Saleh Rachidi ◽  
Susannah G Ellsworth ◽  
Richard C Zellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
African American Race

Aim: To identify demographic predictors of patients who miss oncology follow-up, considering that missed follow-up has not been well studies in cancer patients. Methods: Patients with solid tumors diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed (n = 16,080). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of missed follow-up. Results: Our study revealed that 21.2% of patients missed ≥1 follow-up appointment. African–American race (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17–1.51), Medicaid insurance (OR 1.59; 1.36–1.87), no insurance (OR 1.66; 1.32–2.10) and rural residence (OR 1.78; 1.49–2.13) were associated with missed follow-up. Conclusion: Many cancer patients miss follow-up, and inadequate follow-up may influence cancer outcomes. Further research is needed on how to address disparities in follow-up care in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Predictors of chronic opioid therapy in Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GYeon Oh ◽  
Emily S. Brouwer ◽  
Erin L. Abner ◽  
David W. Fardo ◽  
Patricia R. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Opioid Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Medicaid Beneficiaries

AbstractThe factors associated with chronic opioid therapy (COT) in patients with HIV is understudied. Using Medicaid data (2002–2009), this retrospective cohort study examines COT in beneficiaries with HIV who initiated standard combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART). We used generalized estimating equations on logistic regression models with backward selection to identify significant predictors of COT initiation. COT was initiated among 1014 out of 9615 beneficiaries with HIV (male: 10.4%; female: 10.7%). Those with older age, any malignancy, Hepatitis C infection, back pain, arthritis, neuropathy pain, substance use disorder, polypharmacy, (use of) benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, and prior opioid therapies were positively associated with COT. In sex-stratified analyses, multiple predictors were shared between male and female beneficiaries; however, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, any malignancy, and antipsychotic therapy were unique to female beneficiaries. Comorbidities and polypharmacy were important predictors of COT in Medicaid beneficiaries with HIV who initiated cART.

FERTILITY DESIRES OF YORUBA COUPLES OF SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOLAWOLE AZEEZ OYEDIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fertility Desires ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Living Children

Using the matched wife–husband (763) sample from the data collected from Ogbomoso and Iseyin towns in Oyo State, Nigeria, this paper examines factors associated with couples’ fertility intention. The analysis used logistic regression models for predicting the effects of selected socioeconomic background characteristics on a couple’s fertility intention. Results indicate high levels of concurrence among husbands and wives on fertility intention. Where differences exist, husbands are more pronatalists than their wives. About 87% of pairs of partners reported similar fertility preferences. Of these couples, 59·5% wanted more children while only 27·8% reported otherwise. The logistic regression models indicated that a couple’s fertility intention was associated with age, education, place of residence, frequency of television-watching and number of living children. Therefore, programme interventions aimed at promoting fertility reduction in Nigeria should convey fertility regulation messages to both husbands and wives.

Forced Sexual Victimization Among Youth in Custody: Do Risk Factors Vary by Gender and Perpetrator?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

There is relatively little literature examining risk factors associated with sexual victimization among youth in custody. The current study explored whether risk of forced sexual victimization among youth in custody differs by gender or perpetrator. Using data from a sample of 8,659 youth who participated in the National Survey of Youth in Custody, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate gender differences in risk factors associated with overall forced sexual victimization and staff-on-inmate and inmate-on-inmate forced sexual victimization. Findings suggest that gender differences are more pronounced when perpetrator type is considered.

Prevalence and adverse impact of extended antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic oncology surgery.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 294-294
Author(s):  
Matthew Mossanen ◽  
Josh Calvert ◽  
Sarah Holt ◽  
Andrew Callaway James ◽  
Jonathan L. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Urologic Oncology ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Provider Characteristics ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Postoperative Length ◽  
Hospital Acquired

294 Background: Providers exhibit variation in the selection of the class, dose, and duration of prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) to prevent postsurgical infections. We sought to evaluate ABP practice patterns for common inpatient urologic oncology surgeries and ascertain the association between extended ABP and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infections. Methods: From the PREMIER database for 2007–2012, we identified patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP), radical or partial nephrectomy (Nephx), or radical cystectomy (RC). We defined extended ABP from charges for antibiotics ≥ 2 days after surgery; exclusive of patients with a switch in antibiotic class within 2 postoperative days for presumption of infection. We identified postoperative C. diff infections using ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Hierarchical linear regression models were constructed by procedure to identify patient and provider factors associated with extended ABP. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between extended ABP and postoperative C. diff infection, adjusting for patient and provider characteristics. Results: We identified 59,184 RP patients, 27,921 Nephx patients, and 5,425 RC patients. RC patients were more likely to receive extended ABP (56%) than RP (18%) or Nephx (29%) patients (p<0.001). Other factors associated with extended ABP included prolonged postoperative length of stay (OR ≥ 1.69, p<0.001 for all procedures), and surgical volume (p<0.001 for highest vs. lowest volume quartiles). Hospital identity explained 35% of the variability in ABP after RP, 23% after Nephx, and 20% after RC. Among Nephx and RC patients, extended ABP was associated with significantly higher odds of postoperative C. diff infection (OR 3.79, 95% CI 2.46–5.84, and OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.12–2.39, respectively). Conclusions: We identified marked hospital-level variability in extended ABP following RP, Nephx, and RC, which was associated with significantly increased odds of hospital-acquired C. diff infections. Efforts to increase provider compliance with national ABP guidelines may decrease preventable hospital-acquired infections after urologic cancer surgery.

scholarly journals Leishmania infection in a population of dogs: an epidemiological investigation relating to visceral leishmaniasis control

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klauber Menezes Penaforte ◽  
Vinícius Silva Belo ◽  
Rafael Gonçalves Teixeira-Neto ◽  
Renata Aparecida Nascimento Ribeiro ◽  
Robson Bruniera de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Actions

Identification of factors associated with Leishmaniainfection in dogs is essential for targeting visceral leishmaniasis control actions. Thus, the present study analyzed some of these factors in a population of dogs in a Brazilian municipality, along with the limitations of control strategies implemented there. The association between the exposure variables and occurrences of infection was analyzed through logistic regression models. The disease control interventions were treated qualitatively. Out of the 755 animals examined, 13.6% (103/755) were seropositive. Of these, 23.3% (24/103) were asymptomatic and 76.7% (79/103) presented at least one clinical sign possibly associated with visceral leishmaniasis. With weak associations, purebred, shorthaired, over 5 years of age, male and large dogs were more prone to infection. The latter two variables formed the final regression model and the association with dog size was statistically significant. The control strategies developed presented limitations and a great number of seronegative dogs was culled. The data presented contribute towards better understanding of the dynamics of infection in canine visceral leishmaniasis and indicate that actions aimed towards adequate implementation of Visceral Leishmaniasis control program in Brazilian endemic areas should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Cryptosporidium spp. on dairy farms in Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arifin Budiman Nugraha ◽  
Umi Cahyaningsih ◽  
Etih Sudarnika
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Area Data

Cryptosporidial infection is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in humans and livestock worldwide. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and to identify potential risk factors associated with shedding of oocysts in Bogor. A total of 308 faecal samples were collected from 136 calves less than 6 months, 44 from those 6-12 months and 128 from those than 12 months. Data of factors potentially associated with the likelihood of Cryptosporidium spp. infection were recorded (i.e., enviromental status, size of herd, and herd management). Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst was identified by using modified acid fast (Ziehl Neelsen) staining technique and microscopically examined under 400x magnifition. Results showed that the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Bogor was 21.1% (CI 95%; 16.5%-25.6%). The highest prevalence was 29% (CI 95%; 26.8%-31.7%) in cattle aged less than 6 months. The oocysts abundance were around <5 oocysts per microscopy visual area. Data was analyzed using logistic regression models.  Statistical analysis showed that there were association between cryptosporidiosis and calves aged less than 6 months with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.7 (CI 95%; 1.5-5.2) times compared with cattle aged more than 12 months.

scholarly journals 2018 Survey of factors associated with antimicrobial drug use and stewardship practices in adult cows on conventional California dairies: immediate post-Senate Bill 27 impact

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius S. Ekong ◽  
Essam M. Abdelfattah ◽  
Emmanuel Okello ◽  
Deniece R. Williams ◽  
Terry W. Lehenbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Senate Bill ◽  
Silver Spring

Background Antimicrobial drugs (AMD) are critical for the treatment, control, and prevention of diseases in humans and food-animals. Good AMD stewardship practices and judicious use of AMD are beneficial to the preservation of animal and human health from antimicrobial resistance threat. This study reports on changes in AMD use and stewardship practices on California (CA) dairies, following the implementation of CA Senate Bill 27 (SB 27; codified as Food and Agricultural Code, FAC 14400–14408; here onward referred to as SB 27), by modeling the associations between management practices on CA conventional dairies and seven outcome variables relating to AMD use and stewardship practices following SB 27. Methods A survey questionnaire was mailed to 1,282 grade A licensed dairies in CA in spring of 2018. Responses from 132 conventional dairies from 16 counties were included for analyses. Multivariate logistic regression models were specified to explore the associations between survey factors and six outcome variables: producers’ familiarity with the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA), Silver Spring, WA, USA medically important antimicrobial drugs (MIAD) term; change in over-the-counter (OTC) AMD use; initiation or increased use of alternatives to AMD; changes to prevent disease outbreaks; changes in AMD costs; and better animal health post SB 27. We employed machine learning classification models to determine which of the survey factors were the most important predictors of good-excellent AMD stewardship practices of CA conventional dairy producers. Results Having a valid veterinary-client-patient-relationship, involving a veterinarian in training employees on treatment protocols and decisions on AMDs used to treat sick cows, tracking milk and/or meat withdrawal intervals for treated cows, and participating in dairy quality assurance programs were positively associated with producers’ familiarity with MIADs. Use or increased use of alternatives to AMDs since 2018 was associated with decreased use of AMDs that were previously available OTC prior to SB 27. Important variables associated with good-excellent AMD stewardship knowledge by CA conventional dairy producers included having written or computerized animal health protocols, keeping a drug inventory log, awareness that use of MIADs required a prescription following implementation of SB 27, involving a veterinarian in AMD treatment duration determination, and using selective dry cow treatment. Conclusions Our study identified management factors associated with reported AMD use and antimicrobial stewardship practices on conventional dairies in CA within a year from implementation of SB 27. Producers will benefit from extension outreach efforts that incorporate the findings of this survey by further highlighting the significance of these management practices and encouraging those that are associated with judicious AMD use and stewardship practices on CA conventional dairies.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoai Nam ◽  
Peerapol Sukon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different risk factors on stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1121 piglets born from 74 Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows from a herd. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between stillbirth and different risk factors including parity (1, 2, 3-5, and 6-10), gestation length (GL) (112-113, 114-116, and 117-119 days), litter size, birth order (BO), sex, birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration, birth weight (BW), crown rump length, BW deviation, body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and the use of oxytocin during expulsive stage of farrowing. Results: The incidence of stillbirth at litter level and stillbirth rate was 59.5% (44/74) and 8.1% (89/1094), respectively. The final multivariate logistic regression selected BO, BI, PI, GL, and parity as the five most significant risk factors for stillbirth. Increased BO and BI, GL <114 and >116 days, parity 6-10, and low PI increased the stillbirth rate in piglets. Conclusion: Several factors previously determined as risks for stillbirth in exogenous oxytocin-free parturitions also existed in exogenous oxytocin-assisted parturitions. One dose of oxytocin at fairly high BO did not increase stillbirth, whereas two doses of oxytocin were potentially associated with increased values.

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