Antiprotozoal Effect of Snake Venoms and Their Fractions: A Systematic Review

Background: Protozoal infection is a lingering public health issue of great concern, despite efforts to produce drugs and vaccines against it. Recent breakthrough research has discovered alternative antiprotozoal agents encompassing the use of snake venoms and their components to cure these infections. This study collated the existing literature to examine the antiprotozoal effect of snake venoms and their fractions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched from their inception until 13 October 2021. Articles were screened at the title, abstract and full-text phases. Some additional studies were obtained through the manual search process. Results: We identified 331 studies via the electronic database and manual searches, of which 55 reporting the antiprotozoal effect of snake venoms and their components were included in the review. Around 38% of studies examined the effect of whole crude venoms, and a similar percentage evaluated the effect of a proportion of enzymatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In particular, this review reports around 36 PLA2 activities and 29 snake crude venom activities. We also report the notable phenomenon of synergism with PLA2 isoforms of Bothrops asper. Importantly, limited attention has been given so far to the antiprotozoal efficacies of metalloproteinase, serine protease and three-finger toxins, although these venom components have been identified as significant components of the dominant venom families. Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of snake venoms and their fractions on controlling protozoal infections and suggests the need to examine further the effectiveness of other venom components, such as metalloproteinase, serine protease and three-finger toxins. Future research questions in this field must be redirected toward synergism in snake venom components, based on pharmacological usage and in the context of toxicology. Ascertaining the effects of snake venoms and their components on other protozoal species that have not yet been studied is imperative.

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THU0528 NAILFOLD VIDEOCAPILLAROSCOPY REPORTING IN CLINICAL RESEARCH: INTERNATIONAL DELPHI BASED CONSENSUS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2415 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 503.1-504

Author(s):

F. Ingegnoli ◽

T. Schioppo ◽

A. Herrick ◽

A. Sulli ◽

F. Bartoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Future Research ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Delphi Consensus ◽

Research Support ◽

The Impact ◽

Research Studies

Background:Nailfold capillaroscopy (NVC), a non-invasive technique to assess microcirculation, is increasingly being incorporated into rheumatology routine clinical practice. Currently, the degree of description of NVC methods varies amongst research studies, making interpretation and comparison between studies challenging. In this field, an unmet need is the standardization of items to be reported in research studies using NVC.Objectives:To perform a Delphi consensus on minimum reporting standards in methodology for clinical research, based on the items derived from a systematic review focused on this topic.Methods:The systematic review of the literature on NVC methodology relating to rheumatic diseases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42018104660) to July 22nd2018 using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus. Then, a three-step web-based Delphi consensus was performed in between members of the EULAR study group on microcirculation in rheumatic diseases and the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium. Participants were asked to rate each item from 1 (not appropriate) to 9 (completely appropriate).Results:In total, 3491 references were retrieved in the initial search strategy, 2862 were excluded as duplicates or after title/abstract screening. 632 articles were retrieved for full paper review of which 319 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Regarding patient preparation before the exam, data were scarce: 38% reported acclimatization, 5% to avoid caffeine and smoking, 3% to wash hands and 2% to avoid manicure. Concerning the device description: 90% reported type of instrument, 77% brand/model, 72% magnification, 46% oil use, 40% room temperature and 35% software for image analysis. As regards to examination details: 76% which fingers examined, 75% number of fingers examined, 15% operator experience, 13% reason for finger exclusion, 9% number of images, 8% quality check of the images and 3% time spent for the exam. Then, a three-round Delphi consensus on the selected items was completed by 80 participants internationally, from 31 countries located in Australia, Asia, Europe, North and South America. Some items reached the agreement at the second round (85 participants), and other items were suggested as important to consider in a future research agenda (e.g. temperature for acclimatization, the impact of smoking, allergies at the application of the oil to the nailbed, significance of pericapillary edema, methods of reporting hemorrhages, ramified and giant capillaries). The final agreement results are reported below:Conclusion:On the basis of the available literature the description of NVC methods was highly heterogeneous and individual published studies differed markedly. These practical suggestions developed using a Delphi process among international participants provide a guidance to improve and to standardize the NVC methodology in future clinical research studies.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Ariane Herrick: None declared, Alberto Sulli Grant/research support from: Laboratori Baldacci, Francesca Bartoli: None declared, Nicola Ughi: None declared, John Pauling: None declared, Maurizio Cutolo Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Actelion, Celgene, Consultant of: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Sigma-Alpha, Vanessa Smith Grant/research support from: The affiliated company received grants from Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Belgian Fund for Scientific Research in Rheumatic diseases (FWRO), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and Janssen-Cilag NV, Consultant of: Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, Speakers bureau: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co and UCB Biopharma Sprl

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Microvascular decompression for tinnitus: systematic review

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2016.2.jns152913 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 1148-1157 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brenton Nash ◽

Matthew L. Carlson ◽

Jamie J. Van Gompel

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Microvascular Decompression ◽

English Language ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Future Research ◽

Symptom Duration ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Preoperative Symptom ◽

Operative Outcomes ◽

Review Reports

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine operative outcomes in cases of microvascular decompression (MVD) of cranial nerve (CN) VIII for tinnitus through a critical review of the literature. METHODS Forty-three English-language articles were gathered from PubMed and analyzed. In this review, two different case types were distinguished: 1) tinnitus-only symptomatology, which was defined as a patient with tinnitus with or without sensorineural hearing loss; and 2) mixed symptomatology, which was defined as tinnitus with symptoms of other CN dysfunction. This review reports outcomes of those with tinnitus-only symptoms. RESULTS Forty-three tinnitus-only cases were found in the literature with a 60% positive outcome rate following MVD. Analysis revealed a 5-year cutoff of preoperative symptom duration before which a good outcome can be predicted with 78.6% sensitivity, and after which a poor outcome can be predicted with 80% specificity. CONCLUSIONS As the 60% success rate is more promising than several other therapeutic options open to the chronic tinnitus sufferer, future research into this field is warranted.

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Abstract NS6: To Rest or Mobilize... When to Start Early Mobilization in Acute Stroke: a Systematic Review

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.ns6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Whaley ◽

Wendy Dusenbury ◽

Andrei V Alexandrov ◽

Georgios Tsivgoulis ◽

Anne W Alexandrov

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Early Mobilization ◽

Future Research ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Large Artery ◽

Stroke Subtype ◽

Vascular Insufficiency ◽

The Impact

Background: Recent nursing initiatives encourage early mobilization of neurocritical care patients, but whether this intervention can be safely generalized to acute stroke is debatable. We performed a systematic review of findings from recent studies to provide direction for patient management and future research. Methods: An exhaustive literature search was performed in Medline, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify published clinical trial research using a very early mobility intervention (within 24 hours) in acute ischemic stroke patients. The primary efficacy outcome supporting the search was neurologic disability reduction or improved functional outcomes, and the primary safety outcome was neurologic deterioration. Studies were critically reviewed for inclusion by 3 separate investigators, findings were synthesized, and an overall recommendation for very early mobilization use in acute stroke was assigned according to GRADE criteria. Results: We initially identified 12 papers focused on early mobilization in acute stroke; of these, 6 observational studies were excluded, 1 study was excluded due to an ambiguous population, and 3 studies were excluded due to first initial mobilization out of bed occurring greater than 24 hours after admission. Two prospective randomized outcome blinded evaluation (PROBE) studies were retained, consisting of a total 2160 patients; ischemic stroke subtype was not disclosed in either study, limiting an understanding of the impact of very early mobilization on small versus large artery occlusion. Slower mobilization occurring beyond the first 24 hours was associated with higher rates of favorable outcome (mRS 0-2) at 90 days, whereas very early mobilization within the first 24 hours was associated with a number needed to harm of 25. Conclusions: In acute stroke, evidence supports a rested approach to care within the first 24 hours of hospitalization (GRADE: Strong recommendation, high quality of evidence). Similar to acute myocardial infarction, vascular insufficiency experienced in stroke likely warrants a more guarded approach to mobility. Additional studies exploring timing beyond 24 hours and dose of mobility interventions are warranted in discreet populations.

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The Imposter Phenomenon in the Medical Profession

Gender Equity in the Medical Profession - Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9599-1.ch011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 148-166

Author(s):

Rebecca C. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Ethnic Minorities ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Future Research ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Imposter Phenomenon ◽

Internal Experience ◽

The Impact

The imposter phenomenon, or imposter syndrome, is defined as an internal experience of feeling like an intellectual fraud, despite external evidence of an individual's accomplishments, and results in an inability to internalise a sense of success. It is common among high-achieving people, and appears to be more common in women and ethnic minorities. In this chapter, a systematic review of the literature will be presented on imposter syndrome in the medical profession. Topics covered include purported aetiology, implications (including the impact on mental health and career progression), limitations of research, potential coping strategies, and avenues for future research.

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Arts-Based Interventions for Professionals in Caring Roles During and After Crisis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Dominik Havsteen-Franklin ◽

Megan Tjasink ◽

Jacqueline Winter Kottler ◽

Claire Grant ◽

Veena Kumari

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Future Research ◽

Safe Place ◽

Practice Elements ◽

Qualitative Approaches ◽

The Arts ◽

Crisis Events ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

Crisis events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can have a devastating effect on communities and the care professionals within them. Over recent years, arts-based interventions have helped in a wide range of crisis situations, being recommended to support the workforce during and after complex crisis but there has been no systematic review of the role of arts-based crisis interventions and whether there are cogent themes regarding practice elements and outcomes. We, therefore, conducted a systematic review to (i) define the arts-based change process used during and after crisis events, and (ii) explore the perceptions of intermediate and long-term mental health benefits of arts-based interventions for professionals in caring roles. Our search yielded six studies (all qualitative). All data were thematically aggregated and meta-synthesized, revealing seven practice elements (a safe place, focusing on strengths and protective factors, developing psychosocial competencies to support peers, emotional expression and processing, identifying and naming the impact of the crisis, using an integrative creative approach, and cultural and organizational sensitivity) applied across all six studies, as well as a range of intermediate and long-term benefits shared common features (adapting, growing, and recovering; using the community as a healing resource; reducing or preventing symptoms of stress or trauma reactions, psychophysiological homeostasis). The ways in which these studies were designed independently from one another and yet used the same practice elements in their crisis interventions indicates that there is comparability about how and why the arts-based practice elements are being used and to what effect. Our findings provide a sound basis and meaningful parameters for future research incorporating quantitative and qualitative approaches to firmly establish the effectiveness of art-based interventions, and how arts can support cultural sensitivity, acceptability and indicated outcomes, particularly those relating to stress and trauma during or following a crisis.

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Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 (15) ◽

pp. 1142-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Xintao Li ◽

Bo Guan ◽

Tong Su ◽

Wei Liu ◽

Mengyao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cardiac Injury ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Future Research ◽

Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽

The Impact

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has produced a significant health burden worldwide, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and acute cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality risk.MethodsPubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for publications that reported the relationship of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and myocardial injury with in-hospital fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The ORs were extracted and pooled. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 10 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including eight studies for CVD, seven for hypertension and eight for acute cardiac injury. The presence of CVD and hypertension was associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.07 to 7.70; I2=29%; unadjusted OR 3.67, 95% CI 2.31 to 5.83; I2=57%, respectively). Acute cardiac injury was also associated with a higher unadjusted odds of 21.15 (95% CI 10.19 to 43.94; I2=71%).ConclusionCOVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities, including CVD and hypertension, may face a greater risk of fatal outcomes. Acute cardiac injury may act as a marker of mortality risk. Given the unadjusted results of our meta-analysis, future research are warranted.

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A Systematic Review of Communication in Distributed Crews in High-Risk Environments

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1541931218621023 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

Justine Rockwood ◽

Dan Nathan-Roberts

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

High Risk ◽

Team Performance ◽

Task Complexity ◽

Distributed Teams ◽

Future Research ◽

Team Members ◽

Risk Environments ◽

The Impact ◽

High Risk Environments

Effective communication is critical to team performance but can be impacted by the distribution of team members. Distribution is increasingly found in high-risk environments where task complexity necessitates geographic and/or temporal separation of team members. Understanding the impact of distribution on communication is critical to ensuring effective team performance. We review the research examining communication in distributed teams in high-risk environments to provide an overview of the literature to date. Articles examining communication in distributed teams were analyzed in a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Themes relevant to the research question were extracted from the studies using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: updating shared mental models, effects of transmission lags, content of communication, communication protocols, and technological advances. The five themes identify directions for future research.

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The role of Guanxi on international business-to-business relationships: a systematic review and future directions

Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing ◽

10.1108/jbim-01-2019-0055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1125-1140 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Birce Dobrucalı

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Exchange ◽

International Business ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Directions ◽

Content Type ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

The Subject ◽

The Impact ◽

Business To Business

Purpose This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the extant empirical body of knowledge regarding the impact of Guanxi on international Business-to-Business (B-to-B) relationships. Design/methodology/approach After the collection and refinement of studies that appeared in marketing, business and management literature during 1995-2018 period, a systematic review was conducted to discover the current situation and future research directions on the subject. Findings Theoretically, vast majority of the reviewed studies lacked a theoretical foundation, with the remainder anchored primarily on the resource-based view, social network theory and social exchange theory. Methodologically, Ganqing, Xinren and Mianzi are the most frequently investigated dimensions, whereas Renqing is the least investigated dimension. Data are mostly obtained from both Chinese and Western counterparts through survey and analyzed through univariate and multivariate data analysis techniques. Empirically, extant research focused on many diverse outcomes including trust, financial performance, cooperation, satisfaction, time orientation, opportunism and liability of foreignness, while under-examining the drives of Guanxi. Research limitations/implications This study provides a synthesis of extant line of research on the subject that are published in peer-reviewed international journals, which publish research in English. A meta-analysis may be conducted for providing a further detailed framework. Originality/value This study contributes to international marketing literature by providing an in-depth and synthesized inventory of knowledge to scholars; deriving a comprehensive analysis of theoretical foundations, methodological approaches and findings addressed by scholars in the field; noticing theoretical, methodological and empirical gaps to be examined; and providing future research directions.

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The Effect of Head Inclination on Intraocular Pressure in the Prone Position

10.28971/532017mv91 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Marzilli

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Care ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

High Reliability ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Information Management System ◽

Future Research ◽

Staff Satisfaction ◽

Patient Handoff ◽

The Impact

Patient safety relies on effective and efficient communication among healthcare providers. Tools, such as standardized checklists, ensure information sharing in a consistent, predictable format. In the perioperative setting, where handoffs occur at several points and among various disciplines, high reliability is essential. This systematic review focused on the impact of standardized communication practices on perioperative staff satisfaction as it relates to sustainability of the new practice. The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used. Six articles met inclusion for the systematic review and of these six, four were determined to be of high quality through the application of The CASE Worksheet. The handoff tools implemented in these four studies were the electronic anesthesia information management system (AIMS), I-PASS mnemonic that described the illness, patient summary, action list, situation awareness and synthesis by receiver, Peri-op Handoff Protocol and a variation of the ‘Surgical Safety Checklist’ originally developed by WHO. Results of this systematic review suggest that these standardized communication methods are effective in improving perioperative staff satisfaction. Further research may prove helpful to determine if one handoff tool design is superior to the others. While future research could be performed to provide a larger sample size, the limited data gathered from this systematic review shows promising results. Implementing a standardized approach to perioperative communication and patient handoff has been shown in these studies to be beneficial in terms of staff satisfaction. Furthermore, it would be valuable to examine the indirect impact these communication tools have on patient care. Healthcare providers have the responsibility and opportunity to improve patient care through the adoption of standardized communication processes.

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The Impact of Childhood Psychological Maltreatment on Mental Health Outcomes in Adulthood: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-102460/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhuoni Xiao ◽

Mina Murat Baldwin ◽

Franziska Meinck ◽

Ingrid Obsuth ◽

Aja Louise Murray

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychological Maltreatment ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Research suggests that childhood psychological maltreatment (i.e., emotional abuse and emotional neglect) is associated with mental and physical health problems that persist into adulthood, for example anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation, and aggression; however, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature would help clarify the magnitude and moderators of these associations, and the extent to which they may be affected by publication bias, as well as the methodological strengths and weakness of studies in this area.Method: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline will be employed to structure the review. Several searches will be carried out via databases including Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstract, ERIC and EMBASE. Empirical peer reviewed research articles that fit pre-specified eligibility criteria will be included in the review. This review will include literature written in either English or Chinese. Two independent reviewers will screen and assess studies for inclusion in the review as well as extract the data, with consensus reached through discussion in cases of discrepancy. A third reviewer will be consulted to resolve any discrepancies that cannot be resolved through discussion between the original reviewers. The relevant Newcastle-Ottawa scales will be used for assessing the quality of studies. If a sufficient number of comparable studies are retrieved, a meta-analysis will be conducted using a random effects model. Discussion: This systematic review will provide an understanding of the long-term effects of childhood psychological maltreatment on adult mental health, which adds to previous reviews focusing primarily on the effects of physical and sexual abuse. The results of the review will help inform clinical practice in approaches to treating those with a history of psychological maltreatment in childhood. The gaps and weaknesses in the evidence identified will also inform recommendations for future research.

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