scholarly journals Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maccelli ◽  
Luca Vitanza ◽  
Anna Imbriano ◽  
Caterina Fraschetti ◽  
Antonello Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Ft Icr ◽  
Satureja Montana

Chemical fingerprints of four different Satureja montana L. essential oils (SEOs) were assayed by an untargeted metabolomics approach based on Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with either electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion sources. Analysis and relative quantification of the non-polar volatile fraction were conducted by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS. FT-ICR MS confirmed significant differences in the polar metabolite composition, while GC-MS analyses confirmed slight fluctuations in the relative amount of major terpenes and terpenoids, known to play a key role in antimicrobial mechanisms. Oil in eater (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) composed by SEOs and Tween 20 or Tween 80 were prepared and analyzed in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential and polydispersity index. The results confirm the formation of stable NEs homogeneous in size. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of SEOs were determined towards Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus) and Gram-negative clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens). Commercial SEO showed strongest antibacterial activity, while SEO 3 was found to be the most active among the lab made extractions. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.39 to 6.25 mg·mL−1. Furthermore, a SEO structured in NEs formulation was able to preserve and improve antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Effect on Lipase and Biosurfactant Induction in Rhodotorula Glutinis CMGB-RG5

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ortansa Csutak ◽  
Viorica Corbu ◽  
Ileana Stoica ◽  
Tatiana Vassu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Microbial Lipases

AbstractFatty acids represent important substrates for obtaining microbial lipases and biosurfactants. The yeast strain CMGBRG5 was identified as Rhodotorula glutinis using the BIOLOG MicroLog System. The opacity screening tests showed that R. glutinis CMGB-RG5 was able to produce lipases in presence of 1% Tween 80 after three days of incubation. Lipase induction was estimated as cell growth in presence of Tween 80, Tween 20, olive oil and tributyrin. After 48 hours, best results were obtained in presence of butyric acid, respectively, oleic acid: 2.2 × 107cells/ml on tributyrin and 1.0 × 107cells/ml on olive oil. Biosurfactant production was evaluated as emulsification index (E24%). After one week, high E24 values were obtained on fried sunflower oil (53%) and olive oil (35%). Crude and concentrated biosurfactants were tested against nine Candida strains. Best antimicrobial activity was observed for [20X] biosurfactants against C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii and C. krusei. In conclusion, R. glutinis CGB-RG5 shows high potential for using fatty acids from various sources as unique carbon substrates for synthesis of biocompounds with high economic and biotechnological value.

scholarly journals Effect of the Distillation Time on the Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Different Cannabis sativa L. Cultivars

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4770
Author(s):  
Sara Palmieri ◽  
Francesca Maggio ◽  
Marika Pellegrini ◽  
Antonella Ricci ◽  
Annalisa Serio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
First Time

Within the unavoidable variability of various origins in the characteristics of essential oils, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the distillation time on the chemical composition and biological activity of Cannabis sativa essential oils (EOs). The dry inflorescences came from Carmagnola, Kompolti, Futura 75, Gran Sasso Kush and Carmagnola Lemon varieties from Abruzzo region (Central Italy), the last two being new cultivar here described for the first time. EOs were collected at 2 h and 4 h of distillation; GC/MS technique was applied to characterize their volatile fraction. The EOs were evaluated for total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AOC) and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens and spoilage bacteria. The time of distillation particularly influenced EOs chemical composition, extracting more or less terpenic components, but generally enriching with minor sesquiterpenes and cannabidiol. A logical response in ratio of time was observed for antioxidant potential, being the essential oils at 4 h of distillation more active than those distilled for 2 h, and particularly Futura 75. Conversely, except for Futura 75, the effect of time on the antimicrobial activity was variable and requires further investigations; nevertheless, the inhibitory activity of all EOs against Pseudomonas fluorescens P34 was an interesting result.

Inhibition of the Citrus Bacterial Pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri through Aloysia gratissima Essential Oil and Flourensia spp. Extracts and Prenylflavonoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Castillo ◽  
María Guadalupe Reyes ◽  
Elsa Mónica Farfán Torres ◽  
María Laura Uriburu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Pure Compounds

Background: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is a gram-negative bacterium that affects citrus crops, causing a disease known as citrus canker. Although essential oils and other compounds isolated from plants represent a natural alternative to treat this disease, they have the disadvantage of having low solubility in the media in which the bioassays to determine antimicrobial activity are performed. This has led several researchers to evaluate the solubility of plant essential oils in alternative solvents. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the solubility of the essential oil from Aloysia gratissima as well as that of low-polarity extracts and pure compounds of the genus Flourensia in diluted agar/Tween 80 solutions to test and improve their antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Methods: Antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was determined by bioautography, agar diffusion, and microdilution methods. Results: The A. gratissima oil showed increased activity in the agar (0.15 % m/v)/Tween80 (0.5 % v/v) 1:1 mixture, with MIC values ranging from 75 to 100 µL/mL, while Flourensia spp. extracts were more soluble in agar solution (0.15 % m/v). The pure compounds tested presented MIC values ranging from 50 to 150 µg/mL. Conclusion: The proven antimicrobial activity of both Aloysia gratissima essential oil and Flourensia spp. extracts and pure compounds allows proposing these natural products as potential antimicrobial agents in the control of citrus canker.

scholarly journals Potential Interaction between the Volatile and Non-volatile Fractions on the In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Three South African Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Y. Lalli ◽  
Alvaro M. Viljoen ◽  
Sandy F. Van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Interaction

Previous studies have reported promising antimicrobial efficacy for the essential oils and solvent extracts of several indigenous Pelargonium species. This study aimed to determine if any pharmacological interaction (e.g. synergism or antagonism) exists between the volatile and non-volatile components when the different fractions were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of the following fractions were tested; the essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation (EO), non-volatile fraction (NV), prepared by extraction of plant material remaining in the distilling apparatus (having no or negligible volatile constituents) and solvent extracts prepared from fresh (FC) and dried (DC) plant material containing both volatile and non-volatile constituents. Pelargonium quercifolium oil was dominated by p-cymene (42.1%) and viridiflorol (16.9%), while P. graveolens and P. tomentosum oil had high levels of isomenthone (84.0 and 58.8%, respectively). Menthone was noted as a major constituent in the P. tomentosum EO sample. It was evident from the results that the presence of volatile constituents in the three species; P. graveolens, P. quercifolium and P. tomentosum is generally not a prerequisite for antimicrobial activity. The most significant variations of antimicrobial activity were noted for P. tomentosum where poorer activity was noted for the FC and EO fractions against Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. Studies on Staphylococcus aureus, however, showed the converse, where best activity was noted for the FC fraction (3.0 mg/mL). For P. quercifolium, the DC fraction indicated a notable increase in anti-staphylococcal activity (2.0 mg/mL) when compared with the FC (8.0 mg/mL) and EO (16.0 mg/mL) fractions. For P. tomentosum, the FC fraction indicated much lower antimicrobial activity (against both B. cereus and C. albicans) when compared with all other fractions, suggesting that the essential oils may impact negatively on the antimicrobial activity when tested against these two pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of matrix pretreatment on the supercritical CO2 extraction of Satureja montana essential oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Damjanovic-Vratnica ◽  
Svetlana Perovic ◽  
Tiejun Lu ◽  
Regina Santos
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Supercritical Co2 Extraction ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Satureja Montana

The effect of different matrix pretreatment of winter savory(Satureja montana L.) on the supercritical CO2(SC-CO2) extraction - yield, composition and antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oil (EO) was investigated. Herb matrix was submitted to conventional mechanical grinding, physical disruption by fast decompression of supercritical and subcritical CO2 and physical disruption by mechanical compression. The analyses of the essential oil obtained by SC-CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation were done by GC/FID method. Major compounds in winter savory EO obtained by SC-CO2 extraction and hydrodistillation were: thymol (30.4-35.4% and 35.3%), carvacrol (11.5-14.1% and 14.1%), ?-terpinene (10.2-11.4% and 9.1%) and p-cymene (8.3-10.1% and 8.6%), respectively. The gained results revealed that physical disruption of essential oils glands by fast CO2 decompression in supercritical region (FDS) achieved the highest essential oil yield as well as highest content of thymol, carvacrol and thymoquinone. Antimicrobial activity of obtained winter savory SC-CO2 extracts was the same (FDS) or weaker compared to essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation, Chemical Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of Mexican (Lippia graveolensH.B.K.) and European (Origanum vulgareL.) Oregano Essential Oils

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvia Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Carlos Regalado-González ◽  
Pedro Vázquez-Landaverde ◽  
Isabel Guerrero-Legarreta ◽  
Blanca E. García-Almendárez
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta ◽  
Main Component

The effect of solvent polarity (methanol and pentane) on the chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oils (EO’s) ofLippia graveolensH.B.K. (MXO) andOriganum vulgareL. (EUO) was studied by GC-MS. Composition of modified starch microencapsulated EO’s was conducted by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The antimicrobial activity of free and microencapsulated EO’s was evaluated. They were tested againstSalmonellasp.,Brochothrix thermosphacta,Pseudomonas fragi, Lactobacillus plantarum, andMicrococcus luteus. Thymol and carvacrol were among the main components of EO’s and their free and microencapsulated inhibitory activity was tested againstM. luteus, showing an additive combined effect. Chemical composition of EO’s varied according to the solvent used for GC analysis and to volatile fraction as evaluated by HS-SPME. Thymol (both solvents) was the main component in essential oil of MXO, while carvacrol was the main component of the volatile fraction. EUO showedα-pinene (methanol) andγ-terpinene (pentane) as major constituents, the latter being the main component of the volatile fraction. EO’s showed good stability after 3 months storage at 4°C, where antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated EO’s remained the same, while free EO’s decreased 41% (MXO) and 67% (EUO) from initial activity. Microencapsulation retains most antimicrobial activity and improves stability of EO’s from oregano.

scholarly journals Volatile Transference and Antimicrobial Activity of Cheeses Made with Ewes’ Milk Fortified with Essential Oils

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen C. Licon ◽  
Armando Moro ◽  
Celia M. Librán ◽  
Ana M. Molina ◽  
Amaya Zalacain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Natural Flora

During the last decades, essential oils (EOs) have been proven to be a natural alternative to additives or pasteurization for the prevention of microbial spoilage in several food matrices. In this work, we tested the antimicrobial activity of EOs from Melissa officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, and Thymus vulgaris against three different microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and Penicillium verrucosum. Pressed ewes’ cheese made from milk fortified with EOs (250 mg/kg) was used as a model. The carryover effect of each oil was studied by analyzing the volatile fraction of dairy samples along the cheese-making process using headspace stir bar sorptive extraction coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results showed that the EOs contained in T. vulgaris effectively reduced the counts of C. tyrobutyricum and inhibited completely the growth of P. verrucosum without affecting the natural flora present in the cheese. By contrast, the inhibitory effect of M. officinalis against lactic acid bacteria starter cultures rendered this oil unsuitable for this matrix.

scholarly journals Activity of Liquid and Volatile Fractions of Essential Oils against Biofilm Formed by Selected Reference Strains on Polystyrene and Hydroxyapatite Surfaces

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Ruth Dudek-Wicher ◽  
Justyna Paleczny ◽  
Beata Kowalska-Krochmal ◽  
Patrycja Szymczyk-Ziółkowska ◽  
Natalia Pachura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Reference Strains

Biofilms are surface-attached, structured microbial communities displaying higher tolerance to antimicrobial agents in comparison to planktonic cells. An estimated 80% of all infections are thought to be biofilm-related. The drying pipeline of new antibiotics efficient against biofilm-forming pathogens urges the search for alternative routes of treatment. Essential Oils (EOs), extracted from medicinally important plants, are a reservoir of bioactive compounds that may serve as a foothold in investigating novel antibiofilm compounds. The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial activity of liquid and volatile fractions of tested EOs against biofilm-forming pathogens using different techniques. In this research, we tested five EOs, extracted from Syzygium aromaticum L., Boswelia serrata Roxb., Juniperus virginiana L., Pelargonium graveolens L. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel., against planktonic and biofilm forms of five selected reference strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. To obtain cohesive results, we applied four various methodological approaches: to assess the activity of the liquid fraction of EOs, disc diffusion and the microdilution method were applied; to test EOs’ volatile fraction, the AntiBioVol assay and modified Antibiofilm Dressing Activity Measurement (A.D.A.M.) were used. The molecular composition and dynamics of antimicrobial substances released from specific EOs was measured using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial potency of EO’s volatile fraction against biofilm formed by tested strains differed from that of the liquid fraction and was related to the molecular weight of volatile compounds. The liquid fraction of CW-EO and volatile fraction of F-EO acted in the strongest manner against biofilm of C. albicans. The addition of 0.5% Tween 20 to liquid phase, enhanced activity of G-EO against E. coli and K. pneumoniae biofilm. EO activity depended on the microbial species it was applied against and the chosen assessment methodology. While all tested EOs have shown a certain level of antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect, our results indicate that the choice of EO to be applied against a specific biofilm-forming pathogen requires careful consideration with regard to the above-listed aspects. Nevertheless, the results presented in this research contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating the beneficial effects of EOs, which may be applied to fight biofilm-forming pathogens.

scholarly journals Development of Mosquito Protective Textiles Using Nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus Globulus and Syzygium Aromaticum Essential Oils Against Malaria Vector, Anopheles Stephensi (Liston)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheikh ◽  
Amir Amani ◽  
Hamid Reza Basseri ◽  
Seyed Hassan MoosaKazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Abstract Background The aim of current study was to determine the protection efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils nanoemulsions-loaded textiles versus bulk essential oil- treated textiles against the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Methods The components of E. globulus and S. aromaticum essential oils were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Then, the nanoemulsions of both essential oils were prepared using a low energy emulsification method. Their stability and droplet sizes were determined, and the repellent efficacy against landings/bites of the starve mosquito females was examined using textile panels of polyester/cotton, impregnated with serial concentrations of the nano-emulsion. Results The main compositions of E. globulus essential oil were 1, 8-cineol (64.58%) and alpha-pinene (10.63%), whereas those of S. aromaticum essential oil were 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl) (77.04%) and trans-caryophyllene (11.99%). Transparent oil in water nanoemulsion system consisting of essential oils, Tween-20, Tween-80 and propylene glycol was developed. The median droplet size was 11.2-23.1nm depending on dilution ratio. Protection time of nanoemulsion-loaded textile (285 ± 30 min) was noticeably higher than that of bulk essential oils (< 5 min). Conclusions It was concluded that nanoemulsion of essential oils may be interesting options in control of mosquito-related diseases.

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