scholarly journals Activity of Liquid and Volatile Fractions of Essential Oils against Biofilm Formed by Selected Reference Strains on Polystyrene and Hydroxyapatite Surfaces

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Ruth Dudek-Wicher ◽  
Justyna Paleczny ◽  
Beata Kowalska-Krochmal ◽  
Patrycja Szymczyk-Ziółkowska ◽  
Natalia Pachura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Reference Strains

Biofilms are surface-attached, structured microbial communities displaying higher tolerance to antimicrobial agents in comparison to planktonic cells. An estimated 80% of all infections are thought to be biofilm-related. The drying pipeline of new antibiotics efficient against biofilm-forming pathogens urges the search for alternative routes of treatment. Essential Oils (EOs), extracted from medicinally important plants, are a reservoir of bioactive compounds that may serve as a foothold in investigating novel antibiofilm compounds. The aim of this study was to compare antimicrobial activity of liquid and volatile fractions of tested EOs against biofilm-forming pathogens using different techniques. In this research, we tested five EOs, extracted from Syzygium aromaticum L., Boswelia serrata Roxb., Juniperus virginiana L., Pelargonium graveolens L. and Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel., against planktonic and biofilm forms of five selected reference strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. To obtain cohesive results, we applied four various methodological approaches: to assess the activity of the liquid fraction of EOs, disc diffusion and the microdilution method were applied; to test EOs’ volatile fraction, the AntiBioVol assay and modified Antibiofilm Dressing Activity Measurement (A.D.A.M.) were used. The molecular composition and dynamics of antimicrobial substances released from specific EOs was measured using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial potency of EO’s volatile fraction against biofilm formed by tested strains differed from that of the liquid fraction and was related to the molecular weight of volatile compounds. The liquid fraction of CW-EO and volatile fraction of F-EO acted in the strongest manner against biofilm of C. albicans. The addition of 0.5% Tween 20 to liquid phase, enhanced activity of G-EO against E. coli and K. pneumoniae biofilm. EO activity depended on the microbial species it was applied against and the chosen assessment methodology. While all tested EOs have shown a certain level of antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect, our results indicate that the choice of EO to be applied against a specific biofilm-forming pathogen requires careful consideration with regard to the above-listed aspects. Nevertheless, the results presented in this research contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating the beneficial effects of EOs, which may be applied to fight biofilm-forming pathogens.

scholarly journals Development of Mosquito Protective Textiles Using Nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus Globulus and Syzygium Aromaticum Essential Oils Against Malaria Vector, Anopheles Stephensi (Liston)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheikh ◽  
Amir Amani ◽  
Hamid Reza Basseri ◽  
Seyed Hassan MoosaKazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Nano Emulsion

Abstract Background The aim of current study was to determine the protection efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aromaticum essential oils nanoemulsions-loaded textiles versus bulk essential oil- treated textiles against the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Methods The components of E. globulus and S. aromaticum essential oils were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Then, the nanoemulsions of both essential oils were prepared using a low energy emulsification method. Their stability and droplet sizes were determined, and the repellent efficacy against landings/bites of the starve mosquito females was examined using textile panels of polyester/cotton, impregnated with serial concentrations of the nano-emulsion. Results The main compositions of E. globulus essential oil were 1, 8-cineol (64.58%) and alpha-pinene (10.63%), whereas those of S. aromaticum essential oil were 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl) (77.04%) and trans-caryophyllene (11.99%). Transparent oil in water nanoemulsion system consisting of essential oils, Tween-20, Tween-80 and propylene glycol was developed. The median droplet size was 11.2-23.1nm depending on dilution ratio. Protection time of nanoemulsion-loaded textile (285 ± 30 min) was noticeably higher than that of bulk essential oils (< 5 min). Conclusions It was concluded that nanoemulsion of essential oils may be interesting options in control of mosquito-related diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Several Cineole-Rich Western Australian Eucalyptus Essential Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Aldoghaim ◽  
Gavin Flematti ◽  
Katherine Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Western Australian

Essential oils from the Western Australian (WA) Eucalyptus mallee species Eucalyptus loxophleba, Eucalyptus polybractea, and Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima and subsp. borealis were hydrodistilled from the leaves and then analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in addition to a commercial Eucalyptus globulus oil and 1,8-cineole. The main component of all oils was 1,8-cineole at 97.32% for E. kochii subsp. borealis, 96.55% for E. kochii subsp. plenissima, 82.95% for E. polybractea, 78.78% for E. loxophleba 2, 77.02% for E. globulus, and 66.93% for E. loxophleba 1. The Eucalyptus oils exhibited variable antimicrobial activity determined by broth microdilution, with E. globulus and E. polybractea oils showing the highest activities. The majority of microorganisms were inhibited or killed at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 8.0% (v/v). Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were the least susceptible organisms, whilst Acinetobacter baumannii was the most sensitive. In conclusion, all oils from WA Eucalyptus species showed microorganism inhibitory activity, although this varied according to both the Eucalyptus species and the microorganism tested. These data demonstrate that WA Eucalyptus oils show activity against a range of medically important pathogens and therefore have potential as antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Enhanced Antibacterial Efficiency of Cellulosic Fibers: Microencapsulation and Green Grafting Strategies

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorra Dridi ◽  
Aicha Bouaziz ◽  
Sondes Gargoubi ◽  
Abir Zouari ◽  
Fatma B’chir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers

We report an analysis of chemical components of essential oils from barks of Ceylon cinnamon and cloves of Syzygium aromaticum and an investigation of their antibacterial activity. The components of oils were determined by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and the antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disk diffusion test. The synergic effect of essential oils mixture (cinnamon oil and clove oil) was evaluated. Antimicrobial properties were conferred to cellulosic fibers through microencapsulation using citric acid as a green binding agent. Essential oil mixture was encapsulated by coacervation using chitosan as a wall material and sodium hydroxide as a hardening agent. The diameter of the produced microcapsules varies between 12 and 48 μm. Attachment of the produced microcapsules onto cotton fabrics surface was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transformed Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results show that microcapsules were successfully attached on cotton fabric surfaces, imparting antibacterial activity without significantly affecting their properties. The finished cotton fabrics exhibited good mechanical properties and wettability.

scholarly journals Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maccelli ◽  
Luca Vitanza ◽  
Anna Imbriano ◽  
Caterina Fraschetti ◽  
Antonello Filippi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Ft Icr ◽  
Satureja Montana

Chemical fingerprints of four different Satureja montana L. essential oils (SEOs) were assayed by an untargeted metabolomics approach based on Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with either electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion sources. Analysis and relative quantification of the non-polar volatile fraction were conducted by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS. FT-ICR MS confirmed significant differences in the polar metabolite composition, while GC-MS analyses confirmed slight fluctuations in the relative amount of major terpenes and terpenoids, known to play a key role in antimicrobial mechanisms. Oil in eater (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) composed by SEOs and Tween 20 or Tween 80 were prepared and analyzed in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential and polydispersity index. The results confirm the formation of stable NEs homogeneous in size. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of SEOs were determined towards Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus) and Gram-negative clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens). Commercial SEO showed strongest antibacterial activity, while SEO 3 was found to be the most active among the lab made extractions. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.39 to 6.25 mg·mL−1. Furthermore, a SEO structured in NEs formulation was able to preserve and improve antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Flowers, Leaves, Rhizomes, and Bulbs of the Wild Iraqi Kurdish Plant Iris Persica

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽  
Ahmed Anwar Amin ◽  
Solveig Tosi ◽  
Giorgio Giacomo Mellerio ◽  
Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Main Component

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of different parts of Iris persica L. were investigated for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS; moreover, their antifungal activities were determined. 34, 32, 27, and 17 compounds were identified in the oils from air-dried flowers, leaves, rhizomes and fresh bulbs, respectively, representing ≥ 98% each oil. The major constituents of the flower essential oil were phenylethanol (24.8%) and furfural (13.8%), which, as the main component, constituted also 39.0% and 22.2% of the leaf and rhizome volatile fractions, respectively. Phenylacetaldehyde (37.1%) was the main constituent of the bulb volatile fraction. In in vitro tests, moderate antifungal activity was detected for the oils against strains of the human pathogenic fungal species Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the plant-fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae, and the fungal food contaminant Aspergillus carbonarius,. The highest activity was exhibited by the essential oils from leaves and flowers, suggesting that they could be considered natural antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions, Mosquito Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Essential Oils of Eleven Species of Lauraceae from Vietnam

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Thi Minh Chau ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Chung ◽  
Le Thi Huong ◽  
Nguyen Huy Hung ◽  
Isiaka A. Ogunwande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Eleven Species

The Lauraceae is a family rich in aromatic and medicinal plants. Likewise, essential oils derived from members of this family have demonstrated a myriad of biological activities. It is hypothesized that members of the Lauraceae from Vietnam will yield essential oils that may be useful in controlling mosquito populations and treating microbial infections. In this work, the leaf essential oils of eleven species of Lauraceae (Beilschmiedia erythrophloia, B. robusta, B. yunnanensis, Cryptocarya concinna, C. impressa, C. infectoria, Litsea viridis, Machilus balansa, M. grandifolia, Neolitsea ellipsoidea, and Phoebe angustifolia) have been obtained by hydrodistillation and the chemical compositions analyzed by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The essential oils were screened for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, and for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans. The leaf essential oil of N. ellipsoidea, rich in (E)-β-ocimene (87.6%), showed excellent larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti with a 24 h LC50 of 6.59 μg/mL. The leaf essential oil of C. infectoria, dominated by germacrene D (55.5%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.4%), exhibited remarkable larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus (48 h LC50 = 0.40 μg/mL). N. ellipsoidea leaf essential oil also demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and B. cereus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 16 μg/mL, while the leaf essential oil of C. impressa showed excellent anticandidal with an MIC of 16 μg/mL. Leaf essential oils from the Lauraceae should be considered for utilization as alternative agents for controlling mosquito populations and as antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of essential oils and their volatile constituents against respiratory tract pathogens causing Aspergilloma and Aspergillosis by gaseous contact

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Uniyal ◽  
R. P. Bhatt ◽  
Seema Saxena ◽  
Amitabh Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
The Body ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Trachyspermum Ammi ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Gaultheria Procumbens

Aspergillosis is an acute chronic and rapidly fatal disease which is not contagious. Invasive Aspergillosis is often found in severely immuno-suppressed patients, and is characterized by invasion of blood vessels which can result into dissemination to other organs. Aspergilloma is a fungal ball that develops in previous cavitary lung lesions. Essential oils and their volatile constituents have been used as antifungal, anti-infectious and antimicrobial agents. Inhalation of vapours of the essential oils kill invaders attached to the inner respiratory lining and worksynergistically with the body defences. In this study, 16 essential oils were used against Aspergillus niger and A. fumigatus of which about 14 oils proved to be effective. Results showed that the most effective oils against both Aspergillus species were found to be of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), Carum carvi (Caraway), Cymbopogon citrates (Lemongrass), Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) and Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg). Moderately effective oils were of Gaultheria procumbens (Wintergreen), Pinus palustris (Turpentine), Sesamum indicum (Sesame), Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowain) and Origanum vulgare (Oregano). The oils of Lavandula augustifolia (Lavender), Elletaria cardamomum (Cardamon) and Cymbopogon nardus (Citronella) showed minimum activity. Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Linum usitatissimum (Linseed) showed no activity giving no inhibition zones.

scholarly journals Repellent Efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aro-maticum Essential Oils against Malaria Vector, Anopheles ste-phensi (Diptera: Culicidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sheikh ◽  
Amir Amani ◽  
Hamid Reza Basseri ◽  
Seyed Hassan Moosa Kazemi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose

Background: Mosquito species are highly considering as disease transmission as well as nuisance insects. One of the principal strategy to protect human from the mosquito bites is repellent agents. This study aimed to assess repellency of two organic essential oils, Eucalyptus globulus and Syzygium aromaticum from bites of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi. Methods: The study was conducted in 2019-2020. The components of essential oils of E. globulus and S. aromaticum was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The unfed female mosquitoes aged 2-5 d old were used in all experiments. In vivo Klun and Debboun module bioassays were utilized on human-volunteer skin. The essential oils at serial concentrations were used to find repellent efficacy against Anopheles landings and bites. To find the synergistic effect, four combinations of the essential oils were tested. Results: The main composition of E. globulus essential oil was 1,8-Cineol (78.20%), whereas that of S. aromaticum essential oil was 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl) (77.04%). Based on minimum effective dose (≤1% biting), 10% (v/v) of E. globulus showed high landing repellency (77.78%), whereas minimum effective dose of S. aromaticum at concentration of 1% had high landing repellency (88.89%). Among four combinations, the ratio of 1:1 of E. globulus (10%):S. aromaticum (1%) showed the most landing repellency (94.44%). Conclusion: The combinations of two essential oils had the most potential repellency effect against landing of mosquitoes. As essential oils are eco-friendly with less irritation for human skin, E. globulus and S. aromaticum essential oils are recommended as effective and safe mosquito repellents.

scholarly journals Application of plant essential oils in controlling wood mold and stain fungi

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1325-1334
Author(s):  
La Hu ◽  
Lizhe Qin ◽  
Junkang Xie ◽  
Huilan Xu ◽  
Zhangqi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Plant Essential Oils

The antifungal activities of 19 plant essential oils against six wood mold and stain fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Trichoderma viride, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium moniliforme, and Alternaria alternata) were investigated with the in vitro medium method. The chemical compositions and volatilization rates of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and oven heating, respectively. Antifungal effects of the essential oils on fresh Pinus massoniana wood were evaluated by dipping treatment. The average antifungal efficacies of the essential oils varied from 0.1 to 1.0, and oils of Cinnamomum cassia, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymus mongolicus showed the greatest antifungal activities and completely inhibited the growth of all six fungi. The essential oils presented great differences in their main chemical components, and a significant negative linear correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = -0.627, p < 0.01) was found between antifungal efficacy and volatilization rate, indicating that both chemical composition and volatilization rate are important factors influencing the antifungal activities of essential oils. Eight essential oils effectively inhibited the growth of fungi in Pinus massoniana wood with an absorption of 65.51 g/m2 ± 13.78 g/m2, and they have the potential to be environmentally friendly anti-mildew agents.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Cinnamon, Thyme, Oregano and Clove Essential Oils Against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Božik ◽  
Pavel Nový ◽  
Pavel Klouček
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Essential oils are volatile substances from plants and many of them have antimicrobial activity. For that reason, they have become known as a useful alternative to chemical preservatives and pesticides. In this study, we tested essential oils of four aromatic plants. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) essential oils were investigated for their composition and antimicrobial effect against plant pathogenic bacteria (Pectobacterium spp. and Pseudomonas spp.). Both are commonly associated with diseased fruit trees in orchards and gardens. The chemical composition of the tested essential oils was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The cinnamon essential oil was most effective form tested oil. The experimental results indicated that the wild strains of tested bacteria are more resistant to essential oils than commonly used laboratory strains. In conclusion, certain essential oils could be used for the control of postharvest bacterial pathogens. The findings of the present study suggest that the essential oils have a potential to be used as antimicrobial agents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document