scholarly journals Impact of a Regional Campus on the Placements of Students at Rural Pharmacy Experiential Sites

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kiser ◽  
Elizabeth Ramsaur ◽  
Charlene R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Influence Strategies ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regional Campus ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Rural Sites

Pharmacist shortages in rural communities underscore the need to focus on increasing the pipeline of pharmacists practicing rurally. Experiential placement in rural communities is one method to approach this challenge. Regional pharmacy campuses may facilitate rural experiential placements. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a regional campus on the number of rural experiential placements. This retrospective analysis compared experiential student placements in the five-year periods before and after the addition of a regional school of pharmacy campus. Experiential placements in the designated time periods were compared with respect to numbers of overall pharmacy practice experiences, experiences in rural locations, and rural counties with rotation sites. The average distance to rural sites was also compared. Differences in rural experiential placements were not statistically different. The number of rural counties with pharmacy experiential placements grew from eight to twelve, and driving distance increased. While institution of a regional campus contributed to an increase in the number of rural counties with experiential placements, overall rural experiential placements did not statistically differ versus suburban placements. Additional inquiry into factors that affect rural placement is needed to influence strategies to develop and maintain rural experiential sites and consistently place students at those sites.

scholarly journals EPID-07. ACCESS TO GLIOBLASTOMA CLINICAL TRIALS FOR RURAL PATIENTS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 2010–2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii79-ii79
Author(s):  
Kathryn Nevel ◽  
Samuel Capouch ◽  
Lisa Arnold ◽  
Katherine Peters ◽  
Nimish Mohile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Treatment Trials ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Rural Patients ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients in rural communities have less access to optimal cancer care and clinical trials. For GBM, access to experimental therapies, and consideration of a clinical trial is embedded in national guidelines. Still, the availability of clinical trials to rural communities, representing 20% of the US population, has not been described. METHODS We queried ClinicalTrials.gov for glioblastoma interventional treatment trials opened between 1/2010 and 1/2020 in the United States. We created a Structured Query Language database and leveraged Google application programming interfaces (API) Places to find name and street addresses for the sites, and Google’s Geocode API to determine the county location. Counties were classified by US Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC 1–3 = urban and RUCC 4–9 = rural). We used z-ratios for rural-urban statistical comparisons. RESULTS We identified 406 interventional treatment trials for GBM at 1491 unique sites. 8.7% of unique sites were in rural settings. Rural sites opened an average of 1.7 trials/site and urban sites 2.8 trials/site from 1/2010–1/2020. Rural sites offered more phase II trials (63% vs 57%, p= 0.03) and fewer phase I trials (22% vs 28%, p= 0.01) than urban sites. Rural locations were more likely to offer federally-sponsored trials (p< 0.002). There were no investigator-initiated or single-institution trials offered at rural locations, and only 1% of industry trials were offered rurally. DISCUSSION Clinical trials for GBM were rarely open in rural areas, and were more dependent on federal funding. Clinical trials are likely difficult to access for rural patients, and this has important implications for the generalizability of research as well as how we engage the field of neuro-oncology and patient advocacy groups in improving patient access to trials. Increasing the number of clinical trials in rural locations may enable more rural patients to access and enroll in GBM studies.

Student Pharmacists Self-Perceived Confidence in Communication Skills With Healthcare Practitioners Before and After a Seminar Course

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110184
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Barefield ◽  
Caroline Champion ◽  
Lucy Yang ◽  
Brent Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Course Evaluation ◽  
Internship Experience ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Pharmacy Curriculum ◽  
Question Survey

Introduction: Competent pharmacy practice requires the ability to critically evaluate the medical literature and communicate pharmacotherapy information and recommendations to healthcare practitioners. Given the limited research on how these skills are taught, a seminar course in the third year of the pharmacy curriculum was designed to strengthen these skills and abilities. Methods: This was a prospective, pre- and post-cohort survey design. Students were informed of the study’s intent with participation being voluntary and not affecting their course grade. Students received the same survey at the beginning and end of the semester. The 20-question survey assessed self-perceived confidence in the domains of communication and literature evaluation using a 5-point, Likert-type Strongly Disagree-Strongly Agree Scale. Demographic information and students’ previous pharmacy work and internship experience were collected as a part of the survey. Descriptive statistics and Student’s t-test were used to assess the research question and comparisons of student demographics. Results: Sixty-eight of a possible 91 students (75% response rate) completed both the pre- and post-survey. There was no statistically significant differences between any of the measured demographics. Overall, students slightly agreed they were confident in their communication and literature evaluation skills in the pre-course evaluation, with communicating drug interactions as the least confident area. Post-course, students were significantly more confident in all but 5 of 20 measured areas. Conclusion: The Seminar course resulted in a positive change in students’ perception of confidence to communicate with healthcare professionals and ability to evaluate drug literature.

Human mobility models reveal the underlying mechanism of seasonal movements across China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Song ◽  
Xiao-Yong Yan ◽  
Suoyi Tan ◽  
Bin Sai ◽  
Shengjie Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Engineering ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Periods

Understanding the spatial interactions of human mobility is crucial for urban planning, traffic engineering, as well as for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Although many models have been developed to model human mobility, it is not clear whether such models could also capture the traveling mechanisms across different time periods (e.g. workdays, weekends or holidays). With one-year long nationwide location-based service (LBS) data in China, we investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of population movements during different time periods, and make thorough comparisons for the applicability of five state-of-the-art human mobility models. We find that population flows show significant periodicity and strong inequality across temporal and spatial distribution. A strong “backflow” effect is found for cross-city movements before and after holidays. Parameter fitting of gravity models reveals that travels in different type of days consider the attractiveness of destinations and cost of distance differently. Surprisingly, the comparison indicates that the parameter-free opportunity priority selection (OPS) model outperforms other models and is the best to characterize human mobility in China across all six different types of days. However, there is still an urgent need for development of more dedicated models for human mobility on weekends and different types of holidays.

Treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain with electron modulation procedure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
William J Nahm ◽  
Kelsey Waite ◽  
Therese Recidoro ◽  
Luke Lowell ◽  
Zechariah C Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Ankle Pain ◽  
Before And After

Aim: To assess the efficacy of the electron modulation procedure (EMP) in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain acutely over distinct anatomical areas. Materials & methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 223 patients who received a single EMP treatment for various chronic musculoskeletal pain issues. Pain levels, recorded before and after receiving EMP, were analyzed at distinct anatomical musculoskeletal areas. Results & conclusion: The effect of the EMP treatments in reducing musculoskeletal pain was statistically significant at the 5% level. Those with hip/gluteal and ankle pain had the highest (92%) and lowest (58%) pain elimination rate, respectively. Statistical evidence supported the idea that EMP treatment can quickly reduce musculoskeletal pain. Distinct anatomical musculoskeletal areas responded differently to EMP treatment.

scholarly journals The Impact Of Defeasance On Bond Prices

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
James A. Seifert ◽  
David E. Mielke
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Corporate Debt ◽  
Bond Prices ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
The Impact

This study reports on the financial markets reaction to the defeasance of corporate debt and whether the market perceives a changes in risk as a result of this activity. The prices of seventeen bonds both before and after defeasance were analyzed using t-tests to determine if any significant price changes related to the act of defeasance occurred between these two time periods. Contrary to what might be expected no significant differences were found.

scholarly journals MODEL MANAJEMEN PEMASARAN BERSAMA BERBASIS INTERNET DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN SISTEM PENJUALAN PRODUK MASYARAKAT DESA DI KABUPATEN SERANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Deviyantoro Deviyantoro ◽  
Wahyudin ◽  
Amarul
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Performance Effectiveness ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Product Sales

The research purpose was to produce a model of marketing management, the model is  joint marketing management of Internet-based for village product. The results of this research are expected to overcome the deadlock village product marketing that is less extensive and often trapped by realtor marketing system. This research method used is research and development approach.The results of comparative hypotheses on marketing management model shown significant differences product sales performance effectiveness of rural communities in the district Waringin Kurung and Keramatwatu before and after implementation of the model joint marketing management based onInternet or the  joint marketing management of Internet-based for village product is effective   Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan suatu model manajemen pemasaran, hasil inovasi berupa cara pengelolaan pemasaran bersama produk unggulan desa berbasis internet. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi kebuntuan pemasaran produk desa yang kurang luas dan sering terjebak oleh sistim makelar pemasaran. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development).Berdasarkan hasil pengamartan serta analisis data penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengujian hipotesis atas penerapan model yang dilakukan secara terbatas hanya pada 2 kecamatan menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan efektifitas kinerja penjualan produk masyarakat desa di kecamatan Waringin Kurung dan Kecamatan Keramatwatu  sebelum dan setelah penerapan model Pemasaran bersama berbasis Internet.

Do we trust scientific evidence? A multicentre retrospective analysis of first IVF/ICSI cycles before and after the OPTIMIST trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375
Author(s):  
E Papaleo ◽  
A Revelli ◽  
M Costa ◽  
M Bertoli ◽  
S Zaffagnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Competing Interest

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Has the practice of individualizing the recombinant-FSH starting dose been superseded after the largest randomized controlled trial (RCT) in assisted reproduction technology (ART), the OPTIMIST trial? SUMMARY ANSWER The OPTIMIST trial has influenced our ART daily practice to a limited degree, but adherence is still generally poor. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Although the ‘one size fits all’ approach has been discouraged for decades by most authors, the OPTIMIST study group demonstrated in a large prospective RCT that, in general, dosage individualization does not improve the prospects for live birth, although it may decrease ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) risk in expected high responders. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective analysis of all first in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018, before and after the OPTIMIST publication on November 2017. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Two thousand six hundred and seventy-seven patients, between 18 and 42 years old, undergoing their first IVF-ICSI cycle in seven Italian fertility centres, were included. Patients were allocated to three groups according to their ovarian reserve markers: predicted poor ovarian responders (POR), predicted normo-responders (NR) and expected hyper-responders (HRs). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Between 2017 and 2018, there was an overall increase in prescription of the standard 150 IU dose proposed by the OPTIMIST trial and a reduction in the use of a starting dose >300 IU. After subgroup analysis, the decrease in doses >300 IU remained significant in the POR and NR sub-groups. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The retrospective nature of the study. Physicians need time to adapt to new scientific evidence and a comparison between 2017 and 2019 may have found a greater impact of the Optimist trial, although other changes over the longer time span might have increased confounding. We cannot be sure that the observed changes can be attributed to knowledge of the OPTIMIST trial. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Clinicians may be slow to adopt recommendations based on RCTs; more attention should be given to how these are disseminated and promoted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was used for this study. E.P. reports grants and personal fees from MSD, grants from Ferring, from IBSA, grants and personal fees from Merck, grants from TEVA, grants from Gedeon Richter, outside the submitted work. E.S. reports grants from Ferring, grants and personal fees from Merck-Serono, grants and personal fees from Theramex, outside the submitted work. All other authors do not have conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.

Incidental Prostatic Adenocarcinomas and Putative Premalignant Lesions in TURP Specimens Collected Before and After the Introduction of Prostrate-Specific Antigen Screening

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454-1456
Author(s):  
Kien T. Mai ◽  
Phillip A. Isotalo ◽  
Jerome Green ◽  
D. Garth Perkins ◽  
Christopher Morash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Psa Screening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Detection ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Prostrate Specific Antigen ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract Background.—Since the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for the detection of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA), there has been an increase in the incidence of stage T1c PCA. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of incidental PCA found in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) specimens for a 14-month period during 1989–1990 (before PSA screening was available) with the incidence of PCA for a 32-month period during 1997–1999 (after PSA screening became available). Design.—Consecutive TURP specimens from the 2 time periods were reviewed to identify incidental PCA, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Cases of TURP for palliative treatment of known advanced PCA were excluded from the study. All TURP specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and were processed according to the same protocol. Results.—We reviewed 533 and 449 TURP specimens for the time periods 1989–1990 and 1997–1999, respectively. Comparison of the results for these 2 time periods revealed that the combined prevalence of T1a and T1b PCA decreased over time from 12.9% to 8.0% (P = .06) with the introduction of PSA screening. A new group of T1c PCA was established in the post-PSA screening period of 1997–1999. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of T1a PCA, PIN, and AAH in TURP specimens for the 2 time periods. Conclusion.—The decreased incidence of T1b PCA in TURP specimens for the 1997–1999 period represents a shift in PCA staging. Some PCAs previously staged as T1b are now staged as T2 carcinomas, as a result of PSA screening and earlier clinical detection. The introduction of PSA screening has had no influence on the incidence of T1a PCA, PIN, or AAH in TURP specimens.

Adolescent Birth Rates and Rural–Urban Differences by Levels of Deprivation and Health Professional Shortage Areas in the United States, 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Sylvester O. Orimaye ◽  
Nathan Hale ◽  
Edward Leinaar ◽  
Michael G. Smith ◽  
Amal Khoury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Adolescent Birth ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To examine the differences in adolescent birth rates by deprivation and Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs) in rural and urban counties of the United States in 2017 and 2018. Methods. We analyzed available data on birth rates for females aged 15 to 19 years in the United States using the restricted-use natality files from the National Center for Health Statistics, American Community Survey 5-year population estimates, and the Area Health Resources Files. Results. Rural counties had an additional 7.8 births per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years (b = 7.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.13, 8.55) compared with urban counties. Counties with the highest deprivation had an additional 23.1 births per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years (b = 23.12; 95% CI = 22.30, 23.93), compared with less deprived counties. Rural counties with whole shortage designation had an additional 8.3 births per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years (b = 8.27; 95% CI = 6.86, 9.67) compared with their urban counterparts. Conclusions. Rural communities across deprivation and HPSA categories showed disproportionately high adolescent birth rates. Future research should examine the extent to which contraceptive access differs among deprived and HPSA-designated rural communities and the impact of policies that may create barriers for rural communities.

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