scholarly journals Rapidly Deployable Algae Cleaning System for Applications in Freshwater Reservoirs and Water Bodies

Phycology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Sirius Pui-Kam Tse ◽  
Ka-Fu Yung ◽  
Pak-Yeung Lo ◽  
Cheok-Kei Lam ◽  
Tsz-Wang Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Centrifugal Force ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Cleaning System

Occurrence of large-scale harmful algal blooms (HABs) in our reservoirs and water bodies threaten both quality of our drinking water and economy of aquaculture immensely. Hence, rapid removal of HAB biomass during and after a bloom is crucial in protecting the quality of our drinking water and preserve our water resources. We reported here a rapidly deployable algae cleaning system based on a high-capacity high-throughput (HCHT) spiral blade continuous centrifuge connected with inlet and effluent water tanks and a series of feed-in and feed-out pumps as well as piping, all fitted into a standard 20 feet metal shipping container. The system separates algal biomass from algae-laden water with a maximum flow rate of 4000 L/h and a centrifugal force of 4500× g. Cells collected by the system are still intact due to the low centrifugal force used. We showed that after HCHT centrifugation, cellular contents of HAB biomass were not found in the effluent water, and hence, could be discharged directly back to the water body. Furthermore, the addition of flocculants and chemicals prior to the separation process is not required. The system could operate continuously with proper programmed procedures. Taken overall, this system offered a much better alternative than the traditional flocculation- and sonication-based methods of HAB removal in a freshwater environment. This deployable system is the first of its kind being built and had been field-tested successfully.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Cauvery Delta Region and Palar Region, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
R. Sophia Porchelvi ◽  
P. Selvavathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Cauvery Delta

Delta regions of the Cauvery River basin are one of the significant areas of rice production in India. In spite of large-scale utilization of the river basin for irrigation and drinking purposes, the lack of appropriate water management has seemingly deteriorated the water quality due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Vellore is the second most populous district of Tamil Nadu in India where the Palar River flowing towards east for about 295 Km. Vellore is surrounded by many leather tanneries and small scale dying industries and their effluents are discharged into the Palar river causing impact on the quality of the underground water. To assess the extent of deterioration, physicochemical characteristics of surface water were analyzed select regions of Cauvery Delta River basin and Palar region, Tamil Nadu, during March 2016 to May 2016. This study aimed to examine quality of drinking groundwater. The results represented whether the water was suitable or unsuitable for drinking purposes in this area. It was also observed that some areas like Tiruvarur, Needamangalam, Kamalapuram, Arcot, Soraiyur, Ranipet had low quality drinking water. It is suggested to take some necessary measures for supplying desirable water to the people living in these areas.

Adequacy analysis of drinking water treatment technologies in regard to the parameter turbidity, considering the quality of natural waters treated by large-scale WTPs in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Duarte Ventura Melo ◽  
Elizângela Pinheiro da Costa ◽  
Carolina Cristiane Pinto ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Barroso ◽  
Sílvia Corrêa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Conservation of tanks/lakes in the Bangalore metropolitan area

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishne Gowda ◽  
M.V. Sridhara
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The City

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to build up perspectives for the conservation and restoration of the various spoilt water bodies within the Bangalore metropolitan area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes how Bangalore city is typical of the features of peninsular India in that it is made up of ridges, valleys and undulating terrain. Monsoon rainfall is substantial and the tanks and lakes can receive and contain substantial amounts of water from rains. Only thing is to de‐clog the natural water flow routes and to restore the bunds of tanks and repair the spillways and put in place legal and administrative measures to preserve the interiors of tanks; free them from construction activities and launch suitable afforestation programs to contain soil erosion, improve the quality of subsoil water and raise if possible medicinal and ornamental trees so that Bangalore gains in its aesthetic appeal.FindingsThe study reveals that the existence of water bodies is an important asset to the environment of Bangalore. It has a beneficial impact on the microclimate of the city and serves as outdoor recreational areas, which are very much needed as a source of change and relief for the city dwellers. It is good for developing open spaces with greenery along the valleys. There is much scope for water‐front developments to enhance urban aesthetics in the surrounding areas. It is possible to improve the ground water table, so that there will be scope for tapping ground water through bore wells all through the year, particularly during summers.Practical implicationsThis work will draw the attention of government authorities as well as local residents, NGOs and experts to keep the tanks/lakes conserved in and around the BMA and to prevent silting of tanks by offshore development and large‐scale tree planting and also removal of encroachments within the study area.Originality/valueThis study will stimulate interest in recreation, conservation, open space beautification, pollution abatement and a myriad other ways to improve the quality of urban environment.

scholarly journals Water Monitoring System using Unmanned Surface Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1957-1959
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vehicle ◽  
Continuous Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Water

In today’s world where climate activists focus more on large water bodies like seas and oceans, many smaller water bodies which lie neglected are also being contaminated. These smaller bodies also affect the groundwater, which goes unnoticed. The system checks parameters such as turbidity, temperature and pH levels. In addition to these monitoring, the depth of the water is measured to check whether any unnoticed large dumping/deposition had occurred. It is integrated on a USV so that human intervention is minimized. This system aims to provide continuous quality surveillance of water in places where large scale monitoring is not feasible, with the help of LoRa Communication which ensures low energy consumption and easier to implement compared to IoT technology. It can be implemented in rural as well as urban water bodies to check whether the quality of water has deviated from regular levels due to any external factors

Evaluating citizens concern about the quality of their drinking water

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Contu ◽  
M. Carlini ◽  
A. Maccioni ◽  
P. Meloni ◽  
M. Schintu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
General Public ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
General Information ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Online Queries

Citizens' concern about the quality of their drinking water stems especially from poor or wrong information. A tool allowing consumers to consult the Internet for the “label characteristics” of the tap water they are drinking, and to look for general information on water for human consumption has been developed. The tool allows to carry out online queries contributing to optimising management and using the water resource. Thanks to the implementation of an experimental protocol in secondary schools in Sardinia (Italy), it has been possible to test the efficacy of the tool by adapting its content to a large scale of users and to carry out a didactic-educational drill on the theme of water resources. To assess the weight of the aesthetics (taste, colour, and odour) in determining the degree of acceptability of the water, two tests were carried on both resident and non-resident assessors. This study allowed to survey the perception of the general public and the concerns arising from them.

scholarly journals The protection of water bodies and drinking water supply in Uzbekistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Usmanov I.A. ◽  
KHasanova M.I.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Supply Systems

The following article describes the results of scientific research carried out during the period 2015-2017 years, which was devoted to assessing the efficiency of population’s centralized water supply systems, the quality of drinking water and predicting anthropogenic impact on the quality of the Chirchik and Akhangaran rivers’ water. It was realized that the level of supplying drinking water to population and the efficiency of water supply systems do not fully meet the requirements. The quality of drinking water and sources of water supply in some regions do not meet the standard requirements. As a result, the recommendations on modernization, increasing the efficiency of water supply systems and improving drinking water use conditions were developed in the Republic.

scholarly journals Investigation of Microbiological Quality Changes of Roof-Harvested Rainwater Stored in the Tanks

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Monika Zdeb ◽  
Justyna Zamorska ◽  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Agata Skwarczyńska-Wojsa
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Biological Weapons ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Rainwater has been found to be a valuable source of drinking water in Europe, especially in such crisis situations as those caused by contamination of water uptake into water supply systems, large-scale floods or terrorist attacks (e.g., biological weapons). The microbiological quality of water plays a significant role, which is directly related to the potential health risks associated with harvested rainwater (including rainwater stored in the tanks). Microbial contamination is commonly found in rainwater. However, in the literature, detailed results of qualitative and quantitative microbiological assessments are sparse and remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate and analyze changes in the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater stored in the tanks, depending on the collection conditions (type of roof surface), storage duration and season. Authors elucidate that conditions such as storage duration, the season in which rainwater is collected, the roof-like surface types and morphology of the catchment area highly affect rainwater quality. This study showed that rainwater harvested from a galvanized steel sheet roof had the best microbial quality, regarding the lowest number of bacteria, while rainwater from a flat roof covered with epoxy resin was the worst. Further, it was detected that rainwater collected in autumn and spring obtained the best microbiological quality. Moreover, a decrease in the number of bacteria was observed in correlation to storage duration. The water became sanitary safe after six weeks of storage at 12 °C. Its use for purposes requiring drinking water quality before six weeks of storage required disinfection.

Biosorption of Heavy Metals

2018 ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Neelesh Babu ◽  
Vinay Mohan Pathak ◽  
Akash ◽  
Navneet
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production

Large-scale production of commodities for mankind by industries did huge damage to the environment. Industrial waste contains lots of toxic materials including heavy metals were drained to water bodies like river, lakes, ponds, etc. These effluents drastically ruin water quality as well as the soil fertility. Type of industry and its raw material decides quantity and quality of the emerged wastes including both biodegradable as well as non-biodegradable. Among non-biodegradable wastes, copper, chromium, nickel, cadmium, etc. are widespread contaminants of soil, water, and these are most common heavy metals. Several heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and lead are highly poisonous and fatal to human as well as animals. Several plants as well as microbes respond to heavy metals by diverse biological processes like biosorption to their cell wall and entrapment in their capsule, oxidation and reduction, precipitation, complexation, etc. These responses may help significantly in the remediation of heavy metals from the contaminated sites.

Effects of intermittent polyelectrolyte addition on water quality in direct filtration

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Murat Eyvaz ◽  
Tugrul S. Aktas ◽  
Ebubekir Yuksel ◽  
A. Mete Saatci
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Dimensionless Number ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Cationic Polyelectrolytes

The effects of intermittent polyelectrolyte addition on the quality of effluent water and on the development of filter headloss were studied. Anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes were applied to two similarly constructed pilot sand filters. The surface water used in the study was obtained from Ömerli, which is one of the main drinking water reservoirs of Istanbul. Six sets of experiments were carried out. The objective of the experiments in the first three sets was to determine the type and dose of suitable polyelectrolyte. The polyelectrolytes were then added intermittently and continuously in the last three sets. Intermittent addition of polyelectrolyte produced better effluent quality and reduced the polyelectrolyte consumption by half with much less headloss. Ives' Filterability Index, which incorporates the important filtration design parameters such as effluent quality, the headloss and the velocity of filtration into a dimensionless number, was used for the comparison of the experimental results.

scholarly journals Driving Factors of Geosmin Appearance in a Mediterranean River Basin: The Ter River Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Espinosa ◽  
Meritxell Abril ◽  
Èlia Bretxa ◽  
Marta Jutglar ◽  
Sergio Ponsá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mediterranean River

In recent decades, human activity coupled with climate change has led to a deterioration in the quality of surface freshwater. This has been related to an increase in the appearance of algal blooms, which can produce organic compounds that can be toxic or can affect the organoleptic characteristics of the water, such as its taste and odor. Among these latter compounds is geosmin, a metabolite produced by certain cyanobacteria that confers an earthy taste to water and which can be detected by humans at very low concentrations (nanogram per liter). The difficulty and cost of both monitoring the presence of this compound and its treatment is a problem for drinking water treatment companies, as the appearance of geosmin affects consumer confidence in the quality of the drinking water they supply. In this field study, the evaluation of four sampling sites with different physicochemical conditions located in the upper part of the Ter River basin, a Mediterranean river located in Catalonia (NE Spain), has been carried out, with the aim of identifying the main triggers of geosmin episodes. The results, obtained from 1 year of sampling, have made it possible to find out that: (i) land uses with a higher percentage of agricultural and industrial activity are related to high nutrient conditions in river water, (ii) these higher nutrient concentrations favor the development of benthic cyanobacteria, (iii) in late winter–early spring, when these cyanobacteria are subjected to both an imbalance of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus ratio, guided by a phosphorus concentration increase, and to cold–mild temperatures close to 10°C, they produce and release geosmin, and (iv) 1–2 weeks after cyanobacteria reach a high relative presence in the whole biofilm, an increase in geosmin concentration in water is observed, probably associated with the cyanobacteria detachment from cobbles and consequent cell lysis. These results could serve as a guide for drinking water treatment companies, indicating under what conditions they can expect the appearance of geosmin episodes and implement the appropriate treatment before it reaches consumers’ tap.

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