scholarly journals Polymorphism in the Chloroplast ATP Synthase Beta-Subunit Is Associated with a Maternally Inherited Enhanced Cold Recovery in Cucumber

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Madeline W. Oravec ◽  
Michael J. Havey
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Chloroplast Transformation ◽  
Beta Subunit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Dh Lines

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a warm-season crop that is sensitive to chilling temperatures and a maternally inherited cold tolerance exists in the heirloom cultivar ‘Chipper’ (CH). Because the organelles of cucumber show differential transmission (maternal for chloroplast and paternal for mitochondrion), this cold tolerance is hypothesized to be chloroplast-associated. The goal of this research was to characterize the cold tolerant phenotype from CH and determine its genetic basis. Doubled haploid (DH) lines were produced from CH and cold susceptible cucumbers, reciprocal hybrids with identical nuclear genotypes were produced, and plants were subjected to cold treatments under lights at 4 °C for 5.5 h. Hybrid plants with CH as the maternal parent had significantly higher fresh and dry weights 14 days after cold treatment compared to the reciprocal hybrid, revealing an enhanced cold recovery phenotype maternally conferred by CH. Results from analyses of the nuclear transcriptome and reactive oxygen species (ROS) between reciprocal hybrids were consistent with the cold recovery phenotype. Sequencing of the chloroplast genome and transcriptome of the DH parents and reciprocal hybrids, respectively, revealed one maternally transmitted non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the chloroplast F1FO-ATP synthase (CF1FO-ATPase) beta-subunit gene (atpB) of CH which confers an amino acid change from threonine to arginine. Protein modeling revealed that this change is located at the interface of the alpha- and beta-subunits in the CF1FO-ATPase complex. Polymorphisms in the CF1FO-ATPase complex have been associated with stress tolerances in other plants, and selection for or creation of polymorphic beta-subunit proteins by chloroplast transformation or gene editing could condition improved recovery from cold stress in plants.

In vitro and in vivo screening for cold tolerance in winter × spring wheat-derived doubled haploids following the wheat × maize system

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Ttc Test

Seventy-eight doubled haploid (DH) lines, derived from 21 elite and diverse winter × spring wheat F 1 hybrids, following the wheat × maize system, were screened along with the parental genotypes under in vitro and in vivo conditions for cold tolerance. Under in vitro conditions, the 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test was used to characterize the genotypes for cold tolerance. Based on the TTC test, only one doubled haploid, DH 69, was characterized as cold-tolerant, seven DH and five winter wheat parents were moderately tolerant, while the rest were susceptible. Analysis of variance under in vivo conditions also indicated the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes (DH lines + parents) for all the yield-contributing traits under study. The correlation and path analysis studies underlined the importance of indirect selection for tillers per plant, harvest index and grains per spike in order to improve grain yield. It was also concluded that selection should not be practised for grain weight per spike as it would adversely affect the grain yield per plant. When comparing the field performance of the genotypes with the in vitro screening parameters, it was concluded that in addition to the TTC test, comprising a single parameter, other physiological and biochemical in vitro parameters should be identified, which clearly distinguish between cold-tolerant and susceptible genotypes and also correlate well with their performance under field conditions.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization of GRAS Family and Their Potential Roles in Cold Tolerance of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Lu ◽  
Wenqian Liu ◽  
Chenggang Xiang ◽  
Xiaojun Li ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Evolutionary Tree ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Gras Family ◽  
Biological Stress

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most important cucurbit vegetables but is often subjected to stress during cultivation. GRAS (gibberellic acid insensitive, repressor of GAI, and scarecrow) genes encode a family of transcriptional factors that regulate plant growth and development. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, GRAS family genes function in formation of axillary meristem and root radial structure, phytohormone (gibberellin) signal transduction, light signal transduction and abiotic/biological stress. In this study, a gene family was comprehensively analyzed from the aspects of evolutionary tree, gene structure, chromosome location, evolutionary and expression pattern by means of bioinformatics; 37 GRAS gene family members have been screened from cucumber. We reconstructed an evolutionary tree based on multiple sequence alignment of the typical GRAS domain and conserved motif sequences with those of other species (A. thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum). Cucumber GRAS family was divided into 10 groups according to the classification of Arabidopsis and tomato genes. We conclude that tandem and segmental duplication have played important roles in the expansion and evolution of the cucumber GRAS (CsaGRAS) family. Expression patterns of CsaGRAS genes in different tissues and under cold treatment, combined with gene ontology annotation and interaction network analysis, revealed potentially different functions for CsaGRAS genes in response to cold tolerance, with members of the SHR, SCR and DELLA subfamilies likely playing important roles. In conclusion, this study provides valuable information and candidate genes for improving cucumber tolerance to cold stress.

Changes in Membrane Fatty Acids in Cold-acclimated Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453c-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenith Cyril ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
W.V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Three genotypes of seashore paspalum, `PI 299042', `Adalayd', and `PI 509018-1' considered to be cold-sensitive, intermediately cold-tolerant and cold-tolerant, respectively, were analyzed to investigate the biochemical basis of cold tolerance. The cultivars were acclimated to 8/4 °C day/night temperatures and rhizomes nodes and crowns were harvested at 7-day intervals over the 4-week experiment. Total lipid was extracted from these tissues, and the fatty acids present in the lipid fraction were identified by gas chromatography. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major fatty acids present. In cold acclimated tissues, the level of palmitic acid and stearic acid did not change significantly during the treatment period. There was a decrease in the level of linoleic acid by the second week of cold treatment. The amount of linolenic acid increased significantly during the second week of cold treatment corresponding to the decrease in linoleic acid. The change in the amount was significantly greater in `PI 509018-1' than in `Adalayd' or `PI 299042'. These results are similar to what was found for cultivars of bermudagrass that differ in their cold-tolerance phenotypes. Desaturases are enzymes involved in introducing the double bonds into the fatty acid chains. Research is underway to characterize and clone the genes encoding the Ω3, Ω6, and Ω9 desaturases, which may have an important role in affecting the cold tolerance by altering the degree of membrane lipid fatty acid saturation.

scholarly journals Cold tolerance in rice plants is partially controlled by root responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Geraldine Sierra Rativa ◽  
Artur Teixeira de Araújo Junior ◽  
Daniele da Silva Friedrich ◽  
Rodrigo Gastmann ◽  
Thainá Inês Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerant

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) ssp. indica is the most cultivated species in the South of Brazil. However, these plants face low temperature stress from September to November, which is the period of early sowing, affecting plant development during the initial stages of growth, and reducing rice productivity. This study aimed to characterize the root response to low temperature stress during the early vegetative stage of two rice genotypes contrasting in their cold tolerance (CT, cold-tolerant; and CS, cold-sensitive). Root dry weight and length, as well as number of root hairs, were higher in CT than CS when exposed to cold treatment. Histochemical analyses indicated that roots of CS genotype present higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, along with lower levels of plasma membrane integrity than CT under low temperature stress. RNAseq analyses revealed that the contrasting genotypes present completely different molecular responses to cold stress. The number of over-represented functional categories was lower in CT than CS under cold condition, suggesting that CS genotype is more impacted by low temperature stress than CT. Several genes might contribute to rice cold tolerance, including the ones related with cell wall remodeling, cytoskeleton and growth, signaling, antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, and stress response. On the other hand, high expression of the genes SRC2 (defense), root architecture associated 1 (growth), ACC oxidase, ethylene-responsive transcription factor, and cytokinin-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (hormone-related) seems to be related with cold sensibility. Since these two genotypes have a similar genetic background (sister lines), the differentially expressed genes found here can be considered candidate genes for cold tolerance and could be used in future biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to low temperature.

scholarly journals SSR Mapping of QTLs Conferring Cold Tolerance in an Interspecific Cross of Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Tengxia Zhou ◽  
Haiyan Ge ◽  
Wen Pang ◽  
Lijie Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Chilling Temperature ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Molecular Linkage Map ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Fine Position ◽  
Simple Sequence

A population of 146 RILs (Recombinant Inbred Line) was derived from the cross between a cold-sensitive cultivatedSolanum lycopersicumL. XF98-7 and a cold-tolerant wildSolanum pimpinellifoliumLA2184. Relative germination ratio (RGR) and chilling index (CI) were used to evaluate the cold tolerance of the parental lines and RILs. It was found that the RGR and CI were significantly different betweenS. lycopersicumXF98-7 andS. pimpinellifoliumLA2184 under cold treatment, indicating that wild species was more adapted to chilling temperature. The continuous and normal distribution of RGR and CI in RIL population suggested that the trait of cold tolerance was a typically quantitative trait controlled by multigenes. The molecular linkage map was constructed by using 120 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers, resulting in 15 linkage groups, with a total distance of 256.8 cM and average interval of 2.14 cM. Five QTLs controlling RGR and four QTLs for CI were detected with genetic contribution ranging from 0.95% to 19.55%. Thus, the nine QTLs will provide references for further fine position mapping for cold tolerance. The polymorphic markers could be used as a way of indirectly selecting the plant trait of interest and would promote developing new tomato variety by marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Relative Tolerance of Three Morphotypes of the Anastrepha fraterculus Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Cold Phytosanitary Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1176-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa S Dias ◽  
Guy J Hallman ◽  
Amanda A S Cardoso ◽  
Nick V Hurtado ◽  
Camilo Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Phytosanitary Treatment

Abstract The Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) complex is currently comprised of at least eight morphotypes, including several that are likely to be described as new species. It is critical to evaluate whether the morphotypes differ in tolerance to phytosanitary treatments. Temperatures from 0 to 3°C are used as a phytosanitary treatment for some commodities exported from the region and at risk of infestation by the A. fraterculus complex. Description of A. fraterculus morphotypes as new species could result in the annulation of phytosanitary treatment schedules for the new species. This study compared the relative cold tolerance of five populations from three morphotypes of the A. fraterculus complex: Andean, Peruvian, and Brazilian-1. Both a laboratory and wild strain of the Brazilian-1 morphotype were studied. Differences in mortality of third instars of the five A. fraterculus populations reared on nectarines were observed only with short treatment durations at temperatures ranging from 1.38 ± 0.04°C to 1.51 ± 0.08°C (mean ± SEM). Estimated times to achieve the LT99.99682 (probit 9) showed that Brazilian-1 wild, Brazilian-1 laboratory, and Cusco population were the most cold tolerant, followed by Andean and Peruvian, the least cold tolerant morphotype (i.e., Brazilian-1 wild = Brazilian-1 laboratory = Cusco population > Andean > Peruvian). These findings suggest that the current cold treatment schedules of 15 d at ≤ 1.11°C and 17 d at ≤ 1.67°C can be applied as cold treatments to any potential new species that may arise from the A. fraterculus complex.

scholarly journals Sex-specific responses to cold in a very cold-tolerant, northern Drosophila species

Heredity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Parker ◽  
Tapio Envall ◽  
Michael G. Ritchie ◽  
Maaria Kankare
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drosophila Montana ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractOrganisms can plastically alter resource allocation in response to changing environmental factors. For example, in harsh conditions, organisms are expected to shift investment from reproduction toward survival; however, the factors and mechanisms that govern the magnitude of such shifts are relatively poorly studied. Here we compared the impact of cold on males and females of the highly cold-tolerant species Drosophila montana at the phenotypic and transcriptomic levels. Although both sexes showed similar changes in cold tolerance and gene expression in response to cold treatment, indicating that the majority of changes are concordant between the sexes, we identified a clear reduction in sexually dimorphic gene expression, suggesting that preparing for the colder season involves reducing investment in sex-specific traits. This reduction was larger in males than females, as expected if male sexual traits are more condition-dependent than female traits, as predicted by theory. Gene expression changes were primarily associated with shifts in metabolic profile, which likely play a role in increasing cold tolerance. Finally, we found that the expression of immune genes was reduced following cold treatment, suggesting that reduced investment in costly immune function may be important in helping flies survive colder periods.

scholarly journals Assessment of Molecular Variation within ‘Raleigh’ St. Augustinegrass using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Kimball ◽  
M. Carolina Zuleta ◽  
Matthew C. Martin ◽  
Kevin E. Kenworthy ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Cold Tolerant

St. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a popular turfgrass in the southern United States as a result of its superior shade tolerance and relatively low input requirements. However, it is the least cold-tolerant of commonly used warm-season turfgrass species. ‘Raleigh’, released in 1980, has superior cold tolerance and is adapted and widely used in U.S. Department of Agriculture hardiness zones 8 to 9. More than 25 years after its release, ‘Raleigh’ is still the industry’s standard in terms of cold tolerance. However, the original foundation and breeder stock fields of the cultivar have been lost, placing the integrity of the cultivar at risk. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether current ‘Raleigh’ production fields across the southern United States are true to the original source. In this study, 15 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations were used to assess levels of genetic variability among three original stocks of ‘Raleigh’ and 46 samples obtained from sod farms and universities in six states. Genetic similarities among the original stocks were Sij = 1, whereas similarities between this group and all other samples ranged from 0.24 to 1.0. Results based on cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis, and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed separation between original stocks of ‘Raleigh’ and some commercial samples. Results from this study offer further evidence that molecular markers provide a useful and powerful technique for identity preservation of clonally propagated cultivars and the detection of genetic variants in sod production fields and turfgrass breeding programs.

scholarly journals Sex-specific responses to cold in a very cold-tolerant, northern Drosophila species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren J. Parker ◽  
Tapio Envall ◽  
Michael G. Ritchie ◽  
Maaria Kankare
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drosophila Montana ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractOrganisms can plastically alter resource allocation in response to changing environmental factors. For example, in harsh conditions organisms are expected to shift investment from reproduction towards survival, however, the factors and mechanisms that govern the magnitude of such shifts are relatively poorly studied. Here we compared the impact of cold on males and females of the highly cold-tolerant species Drosophila montana at the phenotypic and transcriptomic levels. Although both sexes showed similar changes in cold tolerance and gene expression in response to cold treatment, indicating that the majority of changes are concordant between the sexes, we identified a clear reduction in sexually dimorphic gene expression, suggesting that preparing for colder season also involves reducing investment in sex-specific traits. This reduction was larger in males than females, as expected if male sexual traits are more condition-dependent than female traits, as predicted by theory. Gene expression changes were primarily associated with shifts in metabolic profile which likely play a role in increasing cold tolerance. Finally, we found that the expression of immune genes was reduced following cold treatment, suggesting that reduced investment in immunity may be important in helping flies survive colder periods.

scholarly journals Improved cold tolerance in switchgrass by a novel CCCH-type zinc finger transcription factor gene, PvC3H72, associated with ICE1–CBF–COR regulon and ABA-responsive genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheni Xie ◽  
Wenjing Lin ◽  
Guohui Yu ◽  
Qiang Cheng ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Intronless Gene

Abstract Background Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a warm-season perennial grass. Improving its cold tolerance is important for its sustainable production in cooler regions. Through genome-wide bioinformatic analysis of switchgrass Zinc finger-CCCH genes (PvC3Hs), we found that several PvC3Hs, including PvC3H72, might play regulatory roles in plant cold tolerance. The objectives of this study were to characterize PvC3H72 using reverse genetics approach and to understand its functional role in cold signal transduction and cold tolerance in switchgrass. Results PvC3H72 is an intronless gene encoding a transcriptional activation factor. The expression of PvC3H72 was rapidly and highly induced by cold stress. Transgenic switchgrass with over-expressed PvC3H72 driven under maize ubiquitin promoter showed significantly improved chilling tolerance at 4 °C as demonstrated by less electrolyte leakage and higher relative water content than wild-type (WT) plants, as well as significantly higher survival rate after freezing treatment at − 5 °C. Improved cold tolerance of PvC3H72 transgenic lines was associated with significantly up-regulated expression of ICE1–CBF–COR regulon and ABA-responsive genes during cold treatment. Conclusions PvC3H72 was the first characterized switchgrass cold-tolerance gene and also the only Znf-CCCH family gene known as a transcription factor in plant cold tolerance. PvC3H72 was an added signaling component in plant cold tolerance associated with regulation of ICE1–CBF–COR regulon and ABA-responsive genes. Knowledge gained in this study not only added another acting component into plant cold-tolerance mechanism, but also be of high value for genetic improvement of cold tolerance in switchgrass as well as other warm-season grasses.

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