scholarly journals How Does Mechanical Pearling Affect Quinoa Nutrients and Saponin Contents?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Sifeddine Rafik ◽  
Mohamed Rahmani ◽  
Juan Pablo Rodriguez ◽  
Said Andam ◽  
Amine Ezzariai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Codex Standard ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fast Adaptation

Agriculture is facing many challenges, such as climate change, drought, and salinity, which call for urgent interventions for fast adaptation and crop diversification. The introduction of high-value and stress tolerant crops such as quinoa would be a judicious solution to overcome constraints related to abiotic stress and to increase land productivity and farmers’ incomes. The implementation of quinoa in Morocco has not been supported by a full valorization program to control the quality of quinoa seeds. The novelty of this work is to assess the pearling operation as an efficient method of saponins removal as well as the determination of total residual saponins. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of several pearling durations on nutrient and saponin content of quinoa seeds of three tested varieties (Puno, Titicaca, and ICBA-Q5). Five pearling durations were tested (0, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 min) using a locally manufactured pearling machine. The results indicated that a pearling duration of two minutes was enough to reduce total saponin content from 0.49% to 0.09% for Puno variety, from 0.37% to 0.07% for Titicaca variety, and from 0.57% to 0.1% for ICBA-Q5 variety. Our results showed that pearling slightly reduced protein, total fat, and moisture contents for all varieties except for Puno, where total fat content slightly increased with the pearling. Puno variety had the highest seed content in terms of protein and total fat; the ICBA-Q5 variety had the lowest. Titicaca had the highest bran content in terms of protein and total fat, ICBA-Q5 had the highest bran content in terms of ash and the lowest bran content in terms of protein and total fat, and Puno had the lowest bran content in terms of ash. Pearling had no significant effect on macronutrient contents in the processed seed, but it resulted in a very highly significant difference for most of them in the bran except for Mg and S. Regarding seed content in terms of micro-nutrients, statistical analysis showed significant differences between varieties in terms of Zn, Cu, and Mn contents, but no significant difference was recorded for Fe or B. Pearling had no significant effect on seed micronutrient contents. Therefore, to retain maximum nutritional content in the quinoa and maintain quinoa integrity, it is necessary to limit the pearling duration of quinoa to two minutes, which is enough to reduce saponin content below the Codex Standard threshold (0.12%).

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of preparations based on Döner Kebab sold in two towns of Veneto Region, Italy: preliminary results

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Panozzo ◽  
Luciano Magro ◽  
Ilario Erle ◽  
Stefano Ferrarini ◽  
Riccardo Murari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Analytical Determination ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serving Sizes

The sampling activity for this study was performed between September and October 2012. It involved seven shops in Verona, eleven in Vicenza and two in its province (Bassano del Grappa), northern Italy. The scope was to measure the values of energy and nutritional components and to identify the profile of fatty acids in a serving of ready to eat Döner Kebab. The samples were collected according to the usual proportions of this preparation, keeping all the components (bread, meat, vegetables and sauces) separated in different bags. In the laboratory, each component was weighed and, after pooling, processed for the analytical determination of humidity, crude protein, lipid content and fatty acid profile, ashes, sodium (salt), carbohydrate, collagen (measured only in meat) and fibre. The results showed a highly standardized recipe, while the comparison between the two towns showed a significant difference in carbohydrate concentration (mainly due to the quantity of bread used). By observing data on the serving sizes sampled (274 to 618 g) and the nutritional values obtained, Döner Kebab can be seen as a ready to eat dish providing much energy: on average a serving size covers 45 and 36% of the recommended daily intake of energy, 95.7 and 82.1% of protein, 42.5 and 33.4% of saturated fatty acids for females and males, respectively, and 85.5% of salt regardless of gender. Döner Kebab can be considered as an occasional substitute to one of the two main meals of the day.

scholarly journals The effect of slaughter age and aging period on water-holding capacity and tenderness of mutton

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
Ana Kaić ◽  
◽  
Ivan Širić ◽  
Silvester Žgur ◽  
Gordan Šubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Water Holding

Mutton samples (m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum; LL) originating from 30 Istrian ewes were used to determine EZ drip loss (DL), thaw loss (TL), cooking loss (CL), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) in relation to age at slaughter and different post mortem aging periods (1, 7, and 14 days). DL was measured according to the EZ method after storage periods of 24 and 48 h. Determination of TL, CL, and WBSF was performed for samples aged prior to freezing for 1, 7, and 14 days. A significantly lower TL (P<0.05) was observed in the mutton samples that aged for 1 day (7.76%) prior to freezing compared to the mutton samples that aged for 7 days (9.91%) and 14 days (9.32%) prior to freezing. The WBSF revealed significant differences between the aging periods (P<0.05), indicating that mutton aged 7 (33.92 N) and 14 (28.23 N) days showed greater tenderness than mutton with a shorter aging period (43.89 N). Considering that there was no significant difference between mutton aged for 7 and 14 days in water-holding capacity and shear force, there is no reasonable reason for aging mutton longer than 7 days. Therefore, further research into shorter aging periods, the sensory quality of mutton, and its acceptability by consumers is needed.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of commercial butters

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritiele Naissinger da Silva ◽  
Bruna Lago Tagliapietra ◽  
Franciele Pozzebon Pivetta ◽  
Vinicius do Amaral Flores ◽  
Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos Richards
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Chemical Difference ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regional Influence

Abstract The consumption and consequent production of butter has increased considerably in recent years. In order to know the butters sold in Brazil, the study aimed to analyze butters of Brazilian, French, Italian and Argentine origin. The samples were analyzed for fat content, moisture, Defatted Dry Extract (DDE), and total acidity for comparison with Brazilian legislation. The levels of chlorides, protein, ash, total dry extract, water activity, color and determination of the lipid profile were also determined. In all analyses, there was a statistically significant difference between the samples. Some samples showed disagreement with the quality requirements recommended in Brazilian legislation for commercialization. Indeed, 10 samples did not present the minimum fat content required, varying from 68.53% to 77.31% in butters with salt and from 71.64% to 81.72% in those without salt. Eight samples presented humidity levels above the legal recommendations, varying from 17.05% to 20.28%. All products were in agreement with acidity levels. The predominant fatty acids in all samples were myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitic acid (C16: 0), stearic acid (C18: 0) and oleic acid (C18: 1n9). The regional influence, breed and handling of the animals and season of the year in which the milk was obtained for butter production, were suggested to be the main reason for the physical-chemical difference found between the samples.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Bentonite Lokal Terhadap Nilai Compressive dan Shear Bond Strength Suspensi Semen Sumur Minyak

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Idham Khalid ◽  
Ali Musnal ◽  
Adi Novriansyah ◽  
Kurniawan Sitanggang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results

[ID] Pelaksanaaan proses penyemenan yang baik pada sumur minyak merupakan aspek penting yang berpengaruh pada suskesnya produksi minyak ke permukaan. Untuk itu, penggunaan additif dalam suspense semen direkomendasikan supaya kulitas suspense semen tetap stabil selama proses penyemenan berlangsung. Melakui penelitian ini kualitas bentonite lokal dan bentonite komersial terhadap parameter compressive strength(CS) dan shear bond strength (SBS) akan dibandingkan. Pengukuran CS dan SBS dilkukan berdasarkan rekomendasi dari American Petroleum Institute (API) pada tujuh buah sampel suspense semen dengan konsentrasi aditif yang bervariasi.  Hasil penelitian terhadap bentonite lokal menunjukkan penurunan nilai CS dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi aditif. Konsentrasi optimum bentonite lokal adalah 1.6% dengan nilai CS sebesar 1649 psi, 6%  dibawah nilai CS untuk sampel suspense semen dan bentonite komersial pada konsentrasi yang sama. Untuk nilai SBS, konsentrasi optimum untuk aditif bentonite lokal adalah 4.8% dengan nilai SBS sebesar 439 psi, 21 % diatas nilai SBS untuk sampel semen dengan 4.8% bentonite komersial. Dari penentuan nilai CS dan SBS dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan bentonite lokal dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti bentonite komersial dimana hasil pengukuran CS dan SBS tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. [EN] The implementation of a good cementing process in oil wells is an important aspect that affects the success of oil production to the surface. For this reason, the use of additives in semen suspense is thought that the quality of the cement suspension remains stable during the cementing process. By doing this research, the quality of local bentonite and commercial bentonite against the parameters of compressive strength (CS) and shear bond strength (SBS) will be compared. CS and SBS measurements were carried out based on recommendations from the American Petroleum Institute (API) on seven cement suspension samples with varying additive concentrations. The results of research on local bentonite showed a decrease in the value of CS with an increase in additive concentration. The optimum concentration of local bentonite is 1.6% with a CS value of 1649 psi, 6% below the CS value for cement and commercial bentonite suspense samples at the same concentration. For the SBS value, the optimum concentration for local bentonite additives is 4.8% with an SBS value of 439 psi, 21% above the SBS value for cement samples with 4.8% commercial bentonite. From the determination of CS and SBS values, it can be shown that the use of local bentonite can be an alternative to commercial sites where the CS and SBS measurement results do not show a significant difference.

scholarly journals Determination of Saponin Content in Hang Maidong and Chuan Maidong via HPLC-ELSD Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-En Li ◽  
Yu-Xia Wang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Deng-Qun Liao
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Assay ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Ophiopogon Japonicus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Zhejiang and Sichuan are regarded as two genuine producing areas of Ophiopogonis radix in China. To study the difference in the quality of Ophiopogonis radix from these two places, the contents of three reported bioactive saponins, that is, ophiopogonins B, D, and D′, in tubers and fibrous roots ofOphiopogon japonicusfrom Cixi city of Zhejiang and Santai county of Sichuan were quantified using HPLC-ELSD method and compared. Ophiopogonin B and ophiopogonin D′ content in tubers of HMD were higher than those in radix of CMD, whereas ophiopogonin D in HMD was about twice lower than that of CMD. Three ophiopogonins were all detected in fibrous roots of both HMD and CMD. Their averaged content in fibrous roots of CMD was about twice higher than that in tubers of CMD. Ophiopogonin D in fibrous roots of CMD was about five times higher than that of HMD. Our biochemical assay revealed that fibrous roots and tubers of CMD can be of an important saponin source, especially for ophiopogonin D.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil and Crop Qualities under Different Management Systems around Lokoja Metropolis, Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
S. D. Musa ◽  
S. O. Amhakhian ◽  
H. O. Abu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
High K ◽  
P Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kg Medium ◽  
Very High

Soil quality is an essential factor in Agricultural sustainability and its combination with water and human factors substantially determine the quality of the output (crop) within a particular ecosystem. The goal was attained through: identification of the extant management systems; determination of some key properties in the soil, water and vegetable in the area; comparison of the heavy metals content of plants and soil to confirm whether the concentration of metals in soil is in available form for plant uptake. A total of twenty farm plots were sampled randomly at both upland and lowland areas. Soil, plant and water samples were collected and tested for both micro and macro elements. The results of the analysis revealed that the soils possess moderately acidic pH (6.0) with permissive rate of EC (0.45 mm hos/cm), low N (0,08%), very high P content (27.1 mg/kg), very high values of OC (1.65%), cation exchange indicates low levels of Na (0.2 cmol/kg), medium Ca (6.0 cmol/kg), very high K (3.7 cmol/kg), high Mg (4.3 cmol/kg), medium ECEC (16.0 cmol/kg) using FAO 2006. The results of the water analysis show that Cd, Fe, Pb and Mn are within the recommended threshold while Cu, Ni, Zn are above the threshold. No significant difference in the following soil chemical properties: pH, EC, %OC, %TN, Na, K, Mg, Ca, TEB, Exchange acidity, ECEC, Cu and Ni. Conversely, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd show significantly higher value between the lowland and upland areas. Upland areas show significantly higher values in few heavy metals. It was concluded that regular monitoring of the macro and micro elements is critical to sustainable productivity.

Determination Of Total Fat In Meat And Meat Products By Solvent Extraction After Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis: NmkL Interlaboratory Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Börje Croon ◽  
Harriet C Wallin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract A gravimetric method including acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction according to SBR (Schmid, Bondzynski, and Ratzlaff) for the determination of total fat in meat and meat products was collaboratively studied in 12 laboratories. The study aimed at investigating whether an older SBR method for the determination of fat in meat and meat products, published by the Nordic Committee on Food Analysis in 1974, could be simplified without significant losses in precision. The study samples consisted of 12 materials in the form of 6 matched pairs of meat types: ham, beef trimmings, pork loin, black pudding, sausage, and liver pate. The fat contents of the samples varied between 2.6 and 44.4 g fat per 100 g. The participating laboratories were asked to analyze the samples by both the old and the new methods. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the results obtained by the 2 methods. The precision of the revised method in most respects meets the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service requirements on methods for the analysis of meat and meat products. The relative standard deviation for repeatability of the method varied from 0.93% for the 44.5 g/100 g level of fat to 4.5% for the 2.5 g/100 g level. The relative standard deviation for reproducibility varied correspondingly between 1.2 and 6.1%. For samples with a fat content &lt;5 g/100 g, the revised method gave somewhat lower fat concentrations than the older method. However, the mean differences were small and did not exceed the precision (repeatability and reproducibility) of the method. Ten of the 12 participating laboratories found the revised method easier to work with than the original method

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis of Ostrich Meat to Assess the Quality in Chilled and Frozen Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
R.P. Yadav ◽  
A. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Proximate Analyses

Ostrich meat is very popular due to its healthy composition thereby increasing its demand globally. Therefore, one study has been made on quality of ostrich meats of different ages at chilled and frozen conditions by targeting product development. Meat samples from two differently aged, 10- and 14-months ostriches were collected and divided into three parts for each type. One part was analyzed immediately, one part was put in chilling at 4°C for 72 hours and next part was put in deep fridge at -20°C for 30 days. Proximate analyses were carried out for moisture (73.98 to 75.22%), protein (21.08 to 22.46%), total fat (2.43 to 3.27%) and total minerals (0.83 to 1.82%). There was subsequent decrement in moisture at cold storage practices, at 72 hours chilling by 1% and one month freezing by 2.3% and there was no significant (?) difference in water content due to the age of bird. The amount of protein was found increasing at chilling, freezing and ageing? total fat was significantly different due to the age as well as meat storage practices and total ash was in decreasing trend in case of chilling and freezing conditions but found no difference due to the age.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Likopen Buah Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Terblending dalam Minyak Padat Ikan Lele (Clarias sp)

KOVALEN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Eka Surya Wahyuningsih ◽  
Syamsuddin ◽  
Prismawiryanti ◽  
Dwi Juli Pusptasari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Frying Fat

Research on the antioxidant lycopene of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) blended in frying fat from catfish (Clarias sp) oil has been done. The purpose of this research is to determine the antioxidant activity of tomato lycopene before and after being grounded into frying fat and determine the quality of frying fat after being grounded with tomato lycopene. The antioxidant activity of tomato lycopene is determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Analysis of frying fat quality includes determination of pH, determination of FFA (free fatty acid) levels, determination of total fat content, measurement of water content, peroxide number and organoleptic observation. Antioxidant activity of tomato lycopen was very high, namely with inhibition value of 89.79%; 90.34%; 91.49% and 92.10%. Frying fat analysis showed high antioxidant activity of lycopene tomatoes with 50.67% inhibition; 51.63%; 51.39% and 51.23%. The results of the analysis of the quality of frying fat are nearly same with SNI quality standards, except for peroxide numbers. Keywords: tomato, lycopene, antioxidants, frying fat, catfish, DPPH

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

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