scholarly journals The Breeding of Winter-Hardy Malting Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Eric J. Stockinger
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

In breeding winter malting barley, one recurring strategy is to cross a current preferred spring malting barley to a winter barley. This is because spring malting barleys have the greatest amalgamation of trait qualities desirable for malting and brewing. Spring barley breeding programs can also cycle their material through numerous generations each year—some managing even six—which greatly accelerates combining desirable alleles to generate new lines. In a winter barley breeding program, a single generation per year is the limit when the field environment is used and about two generations per year if vernalization and greenhouse facilities are used. However, crossing the current favored spring malting barley to a winter barley may have its downsides, as winter-hardiness too may be an amalgamation of desirable alleles assembled together that confers the capacity for prolonged cold temperature conditions. In this review I touch on some general criteria that give a variety the distinction of being a malting barley and some of the general trends made in the breeding of spring malting barleys. But the main objective of this review is to pull together different aspects of what we know about winter-hardiness from the seemingly most essential aspect, which is survival in the field, to molecular genetics and gene regulation, and then finish with ideas that might help further our insight for predictability purposes.

scholarly journals Comparison of important parameters of spring and winter barley cultivated in sugar beet production area of Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
J. Špunar ◽  
K. Vaculová ◽  
M. Špunarová ◽  
Z. Nesvadba
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Reduction Of Area

Both spring and winter barley were sown after a forecrop of winter rape. Three registered model varieties of six row and two row winter barley reached in the period 1999–2001 significantly higher yield than three model varieties of spring barley. Two row spring and winter varieties produced significantly higher thousand grain weight (TGW) than six row winter barley. The resistance to diseases and lodging (correlation coefficient with resistance to powdery mildew represent 0.68**, rust 0.72*, lodging 0.61**) was the most important factor determining the yield. Resistance to rust has influenced sieving on 2.5 mm, correlation coefficient reached value 0.88**. No significant differences were determined in any malting quality parameter when varieties of two row winter barley variety (Tiffany), and spring barley varieties (Akcent and Tolar) were compared. Variety Tolar reached higher parameters for friability and a beta glucan content. Between years, significant differences were found in following parameters: protein content and apparent degree of attenuation. Due to reduction of area sown with spring barley and reduced yield potential, two row winter barley varieties with comparable malting parameters are recommended to be cultivated as the reserve crop for malting barley industry demands.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Algė Leistrumaitė ◽  
Vanda Paplauskienė ◽  
Audronė Mašauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Extract Yield ◽  
Growing Conditions

Evaluation and Use of Genetic Resources in Spring Malting Barley Breeding in Lithuania During the period 2004-2006, grain yield stability and malt quality characteristics of 47 spring barley varieties and 55 promising breeding lines from the collection of spring barley genetic resources were investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture (LIA). The growing conditions in 2004 were fairly normal compared with the long-term mean, and the years 2005 and 2006 were rather dry. The varieties and breeding lines tested showed from medium to high variation of grain > 2.5 mm yield (CV 11.5-34.3%) and medium variation of grain yield (CV 4.39-13.33%). However, high temperatures and drought in June of 2006 caused a low grain > 2.5 mm yield (by on average 55.0-67.8%). Promising breeding lines were characterised as having higher grain yield and extract output per ha compared with barley varieties. However, the data showed that grain grading 2.5 mm should be improved for the breeding lines. Using the software STABLE we estimated the stability of malting barley quality traits in relation to weather conditions during the crop year, genotype properties for varieties and breeding lines, as well as the interactions of variety and weather conditions. The selection of lines promising in terms of grain yield, > 2.5 mm grain yield and extract yield, was based on their ability to realise the genetic potential in various growing conditions. The highest score in integral assessment of grain yield, grain > 2.5 mm yield and extract yield was identified for the varieties Tocada', Sebastian', Scarlett' and breeding lines: 7939-1, 7661-1, and 8080-4. The varieties and breeding lines that exhibited high grain stability, high grain quality and other agronomic traits were utilised in further breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Resistance To Powdery Mildew In Selected Czech Winter Barley Breeding Lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding

Powdery mildew resistances in Czech winter barley breeding lines were postulated on the basis of their reaction types to 32 pathotypes of the pathogen with different combinations of virulence genes. The results from testing 38 lines represent a substantial part of found variability in the examined trait with 13 found resistances. The resistances typical of winter barley cultivars dominated in six-row lines whereas the resistances typical of spring barley cultivars were more frequent in two-row lines. None of these resistances was effective enough to all used pathotypes. Desired effectiveness is present neither in the lines with a combination of corresponding resistances nor in the cases when their resistance is controlled by more (up to six) postulated genes. Resistances “Ch” (detected in the line CH 669) and “Lu” (detected in the line LU 1258/A/02) are novel, the former without any practical importance. A need of breeding winter barley cultivars resistant to powdery mildew is discussed since they are required for both conventional and particularly low-input farming systems.

OAC Elmira winter barley

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Falk ◽  
E. Reinbergs ◽  
G. Meatherall
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The University

OAC Elmira is a high-yielding, disease-resistant, hardy winter barley adapted to Southern Ontario. OAC Elmira has good winter hardiness and high hectoliter weight. It has better disease resistance than any of the check cultivars and long straw with a lax, nodding head. It was developed by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food through the Crop Science Department of the University of Guelph. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., high yield, disease resistance, winter hardiness

ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MALTING QUALITY IN BARLEY BREEDING

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. BENDELOW
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

A procedure that provides information on the suitability of barley for malting and, brewing purposes is described. Three parameters are measured: mash filtration rate, wort viscosity and wort-reducing sugar content, as maltose. Maltose is determined by an auto-analyzer method and this is a satisfactory alternative to the specific gravity procedure for the estimation of percent extract. The addition of these criteria to those already in use enables more discriminatory selection at early generations of barley-breeding programs. The technique requires only one sample extraction and 18 g of laboratory malt.

XXXVIII.—Observations with a Current Meter in Loch Ness

1909 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 619-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Wedderburn ◽  
W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Fixed Point ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Deep Lakes ◽  
Small Lake ◽  
Stormy Weather ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

One of the authors having made an experimental investigation on the currents produced in a trough of water by a blast of air driven along the surface of the water, it was desired to test the correctness of his deductions by actual observations in a large lake. Loch Ness was chosen on account of its length and uniformity of basin, as it was thought that the length and narrowness of the loch would lead to clearly defined currents being set up in the lake. The sequel showed, as in the case of observations on seiches, that it would have been better to confine attention to a smaller lake, for a twofold reason, (1) because in a large lake the difficulties of observations are much greater than in a small lake during stormy weather, and in very deep lakes the difficulties in the way of obtaining a fixed point from which to use the current meter are formidable, and (2) because it would seem from a few observations made in Loch Garry (Ness Basin) that currents are more defined and more regular in small than in great lakes.

scholarly journals Vienan naisia tutkimassa – rajan ja perinteen jäljillä

Elore ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Hyry
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Made In

The article is based on the fieldwork made in Kemi (Finland) and Kiestinki (Dvina Karelia) in 1989. The topic of the research is the biographic tradition of the Karelian refugees. The article opens the experiences of the fieldwork, the experiences of two generations in the fieldwork together, and the ethical dilemmas which arose during the fieldwork. One topic of the article is the problem related to the cult of the rune singers which had a strong effect on the informants as well as on the fieldwork.

The use of random amplified microsatellite polymorphic DNA and coefficients of parentage to determine genetic relationships in barley

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Dávila ◽  
M P Sánchez de la Hoz ◽  
Y Loarce ◽  
E Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare Ssp

Seventy European barley lines (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) and 29 Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum accessions were evaluated for random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP). PCR was performed with 5'-anchored primers complementary to microsatellites in combination with random primers. Of 20 primers assayed in barley, only 9 produced well-resolved fragment patterns in H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum. On the basis of 56 polymorphic fragments, genetic distances between the two subspecies were calculated. Barley samples were subdivided according to growth habit and spike morphology. The smallest genetic distance was found between winter cultivars and accessions of H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum. The 20 primers assayed in the barley lines produced 140 polymorphic fragments that were used to calculate genetic similarity between lines. Mean genetic similarity within groups of lines ranged from 0.693 for 6-rowed winter barley to 0.657 for 6-rowed spring barley. Within these groups, mean values were significantly higher than mean genetic similarity between groups. Principal-coordinate analysis clearly separated the 2-rowed spring and 6-rowed winter types. Cluster analysis of spring and winter types showed subclustering consistent with the available pedigrees. Coefficients of parentage (COPs) were calculated for 29 spring and 20 winter lines. Mean values of 0.0741 for spring barley and 0.0458 for winter barley were obtained. RAMP-based genetic similarity matrices were compared with the corresponding COP-based matrices by the Mantel test. The correlation between them was poor (r = 0.21, P < 0.05), indicating little relationship between these two estimators of genetic similarity. The relative influence of factors involved in the calculation of these two estimators is discussed.Key words: genetic diversity, microsatellites, simple sequence repeats, fingerprinting, barley.

Application of molecular techniques to studies in Rhizobium ecology: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Thies ◽  
E. M. Holmes ◽  
A. Vachot
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Signaling ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

The symbiosis between legumes and their specific root-nodule bacteria, rhizobia, has been employed to improve agricultural productivity for most of the 20th century. During this time, great advances have been made in our knowledge of both plant and bacterial genomes, the biochemistry of the symbiosis, plant and bacterial signaling and the measurement of nitrogen fixation. However, knowledge of the ecology of the bacterial symbiont has lagged behind, largely due to a lack of practical techniques that can be used to monitor and assess the performance of these bacteria in the field. Most techniques developed in the last few decades have relied on somehow ‘marking’ individual strains to allow us to follow their fate in the field environment. Such techniques, while providing knowledge of the success or failure of specific strains in a range of environments, have not allowed insight into the nature of the pre-existing rhizobial populations in these sites, nor the interaction between marked strains and the background population. The advent of molecular techniques has revolutionised the study of Rhizobium ecology by allowing us to follow the flux of a variety of ecotypes within a particular site and to examine how introduced rhizobia interact with a genetically diverse background. In addition, molecular techniques have increased our understanding of how individual strains and populations of root-nodule bacteria respond to changes in the environment and how genetic diversity evolves in field sites over time. This review focuses on recently developed molecular techniques that hold promise for continuing to develop our understanding of Rhizobium ecology and how these can be used to address a range of applied problems to yield new insights into rhizobial life in soil and as legume symbionts.

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