scholarly journals Vienan naisia tutkimassa – rajan ja perinteen jäljillä

Elore ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Hyry
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Made In

The article is based on the fieldwork made in Kemi (Finland) and Kiestinki (Dvina Karelia) in 1989. The topic of the research is the biographic tradition of the Karelian refugees. The article opens the experiences of the fieldwork, the experiences of two generations in the fieldwork together, and the ethical dilemmas which arose during the fieldwork. One topic of the article is the problem related to the cult of the rune singers which had a strong effect on the informants as well as on the fieldwork.

scholarly journals Does implicit healthcare rationing impose an unfair legal burden on doctors? A study of Portuguese jurisprudence

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57
Author(s):  
Eva Dias Costa ◽  
Micaela Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Public Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Healthcare Rationing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Healthcare rationing is inevitable, never more so than during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Portugal, rationing is largely implicit and relies too much on bedside decisions, made in stressful circumstances, involving ethical dilemmas and being prone to error. This study uses a qualitative approach by exploring the public records of Portuguese courts for malpractice suits between the years of 2008 and 2019 to ascertain whether the damage suffered by patients in these cases could in any part be attributed to a lack of resources. During this research, we found that a large number of lawsuits against doctors and hospitals might have in fact been the unfortunate result of the constraints of implicit prioritization. We concluded that lawyers and judges must be made aware of the impact of implicit rationing decisions on healthcare professionals, who are judged against a professional standard and an inverse onus rule that places on them a heavy burden of proof.

Selection for resistance to Colletotrichum trifolii in the lucerne cultivars Hunter River and Siro Peruvian

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (105) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAG Irwin ◽  
DL Lloyd ◽  
RA Bray ◽  
PW Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
River Population ◽  
Colletotrichum Trifolii ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Glasshouse Screening ◽  
Made In

Seedlings of lucerne (Medicago sativa) with increased resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, were obtained from cvv. Hunter River and Siro Peruvian by selection through two generations under laboratory conditions. Glasshouse screening of half sib F1 and F2 families confirmed that rapid progress was made in increasing the level of resistance in both populations. In the field, after two years, F1 derivatives had lower percentages of plant mortality and disease indices than their parent cultivars, and F2 derivatives had lower values than their F1 parents. The F2 population of Siro Peruvian, in the second year, yielded 55% and 45% more dry matter than the unselected populations of Siro Peruvian and Hunter River respectively. However, the level of resistance in the field of the Siro Peruvian F2 population was only the equivalent of the unselected Hunter River population, and was inferior to the F1 and F2 populations of Hunter River.

scholarly journals Az emberi lét rétegei és a robotetika kérdései

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Béla Pokol
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Robot Ethics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nicolai Hartmann ◽  
Made In

A tanulmány a robotvilág hatásaival átitatott társadalmi körülmények között felmerülő, új etikai dilemmákat igyekszik elemezni. Ehhez azt a valóságképet veszi alapul, mely Nicolai Hartmann ontológiája nyomán a valóság létrétegei között találja meg az egyre terjedő mesterséges intelligencia helyét. Ebből a kiindulópontból veszi górcső alá a különösen angol nyelven nagy létszámú robotetikai elemzés összegző tanulmányait, és azt vizsgálja, hogy az emberi lét négyrétegűségének elmélete milyen korrekciókat tesz szükségessé e téren az eddigi elemzésekhez képest. --- The layers of human existence and the questions of robot ethics The paper seeks to analyse the new ethical dilemmas that arise in the social contexts of the robot world. It is based on the theoretical foundation of the ontology of Nicolai Hartmann, which finds the place of ever-increasing artificial intelligence among the layers of being of reality. From this starting point, it examines the summative studies of the massive robotics analysis already developed in English and looks at their correction that needs to be made in the theory of four-layered human existence in comparison with the analyses so far. Keywords: artificial intelligence, ontology, evolution, Nicolai Hartmann

Notwendige Sicherung menschlicher Würde im Alter- Sozialethische Überlegungen zur Rentenreform

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Siegtried Keil
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Made In

Abstract In view of the failures made in the past, the necessity of a reform of the old-age pension scheme is pointed out and biblically proved. The new positions of women and men demand ·the organization of an independent social protection of the housewife and mother, the decrease in births the further development of the two-generations-contract to a three-generations-contract. The commonly agreed old-age pension ·reform of 1992 is measured against these elaborated exigencies and criticized in crucial points at issue.

scholarly journals The Breeding of Winter-Hardy Malting Barley

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Eric J. Stockinger
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In

In breeding winter malting barley, one recurring strategy is to cross a current preferred spring malting barley to a winter barley. This is because spring malting barleys have the greatest amalgamation of trait qualities desirable for malting and brewing. Spring barley breeding programs can also cycle their material through numerous generations each year—some managing even six—which greatly accelerates combining desirable alleles to generate new lines. In a winter barley breeding program, a single generation per year is the limit when the field environment is used and about two generations per year if vernalization and greenhouse facilities are used. However, crossing the current favored spring malting barley to a winter barley may have its downsides, as winter-hardiness too may be an amalgamation of desirable alleles assembled together that confers the capacity for prolonged cold temperature conditions. In this review I touch on some general criteria that give a variety the distinction of being a malting barley and some of the general trends made in the breeding of spring malting barleys. But the main objective of this review is to pull together different aspects of what we know about winter-hardiness from the seemingly most essential aspect, which is survival in the field, to molecular genetics and gene regulation, and then finish with ideas that might help further our insight for predictability purposes.

Ecological characteristics of the eucalypt-defoliating chrysomelid Paropsis atomaria Ol.

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Carne
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Made In

This paper reports part of a study of the llfe system of Paropsis atomaria Ol., and deals with the intrinsic properties of the species, e.g. its behaviour, host preferences, reproductive capacity, rate of growth, diapause phenomena, and distribution. The studies reported were made in plantations of eucalypts in the Australian Capital Territory where two generations of the insect are completed annually. Adults which emerge in autumn were found to enter a form of reproductive diapause in response to shortening day-length, and to hibernate in the litter and soil beneath their host trees. In spring and summer, eggs are laid in batches on young shoots, their distribution conforming to that of a negative binomial. The larvae are highly gregarious in all four instars. Their rate of growth and their final weight are influenced, respectively, by temperature and by intrinsic qualities of the foliage upon which they feed. Pupation occurs in the soil beneath the trees. The fecundity of adult females was found to be a function of their size, this in turn being determined by the level of larval nutrition. The average female can mature more than 600 eggs. Although the adults appear competent to fly for considerable distances, the females tend to oviposit on the first suitable tree they encounter following emergence from the soil or litter.

Spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Progress Report ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Made In

I should like to give you a very condensed progress report on some spectrophotometric measurements of objective-prism spectra made in collaboration with H. Leicher at Bonn. The procedure used is almost completely automatic. The measurements are made with the help of a semi-automatic fully digitized registering microphotometer constructed by Hög-Hamburg. The reductions are carried out with the aid of a number of interconnected programmes written for the computer IBM 7090, beginning with the output of the photometer in the form of punched cards and ending with the printing-out of the final two-dimensional classifications.

Surface Structure in Microtomed Sections Caused by Glass and Diamond Knives

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black ◽  
William G. Boldosser
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Body Angle ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Cutting Direction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Diamond Knife

Ultramicrotomy produces plastic deformation in the surfaces of microtomed TEM specimens which can not generally be observed unless special preparations are made. In this study, a typical biological composite of tissue (infundibular thoracic attachment) infiltrated in the normal manner with an embedding epoxy resin (Epon 812 in a 60/40 mixture) was microtomed with glass and diamond knives, both with 45 degree body angle. Sectioning was done in Portor Blum Mt-2 and Mt-1 microtomes. Sections were collected on formvar coated grids so that both the top side and the bottom side of the sections could be examined. Sections were then placed in a vacuum evaporator and self-shadowed with carbon. Some were chromium shadowed at a 30 degree angle. The sections were then examined in a Phillips 300 TEM at 60kv.Carbon coating (C) or carbon coating with chrom shadowing (C-Ch) makes in effect, single stage replicas of the surfaces of the sections and thus allows the damage in the surfaces to be observable in the TEM. Figure 1 (see key to figures) shows the bottom side of a diamond knife section, carbon self-shadowed and chrom shadowed perpendicular to the cutting direction. Very fine knife marks and surface damage can be observed.

Iron storage sites in the myocardium as revealed by cytohistochemistry

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
F. Thompson ◽  
S. Miki ◽  
P. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Made In

Iron is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury. However, the sources of intracellular iron in myocytes are not yet defined. In this study we have attempted to localize iron at various cellular sites of the cardiac tissue with the ferrocyanide technique.Rat hearts were excised under ether anesthesia. They were fixed with coronary perfusion with 3% buffered glutaraldehyde made in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. Sections, 60 μm in thickness, were cut on a vibratome and were incubated in the medium containing 500 mg of potassium ferrocyanide in 49.5 ml H2O and 0.5 ml concentrated HC1 for 30 minutes at room temperature. Following rinses in the buffer, tissues were dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Spurr medium.The examination of thin sections revealed intense staining or reaction product in peroxisomes (Fig. 1).

Microanalysis of precipitates in a ferritic steel

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
J.M. Titchmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Ferritic Steels ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Made In

The advances in recent years in the microanalytical capabilities of conventional TEM's fitted with probe forming lenses allow much more detailed investigations to be made of the microstructures of complex alloys, such as ferritic steels, than have been possible previously. In particular, the identification of individual precipitate particles with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers in alloys containing high densities of several chemically and crystallographically different precipitate types is feasible. The aim of the investigation described in this paper was to establish a method which allowed individual particle identification to be made in a few seconds so that large numbers of particles could be examined in a few hours.A Philips EM400 microscope, fitted with the scanning transmission (STEM) objective lens pole-pieces and an EDAX energy dispersive X-ray analyser, was used at 120 kV with a thermal W hairpin filament. The precipitates examined were extracted using a standard C replica technique from specimens of a 2¼Cr-lMo ferritic steel in a quenched and tempered condition.

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