scholarly journals Revealing the Role of the Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase 9 (CIPK9) in Rice Adaptive Responses to Salinity, Osmotic Stress, and K+ Deficiency

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Sergey Shabala ◽  
Mohammad Alnayef ◽  
Jayakumar Bose ◽  
Zhong-Hua Chen ◽  
Gayatri Venkataraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Calcineurin B ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

In plants, calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins and their interacting protein kinases (CIPK) form functional complexes that transduce downstream signals to membrane effectors assisting in their adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. This study addresses the issue of the physiological role of CIPK9 in adaptive responses to salinity, osmotic stress, and K+ deficiency in rice plants. Whole-plant physiological studies revealed that Oscipk9 rice mutant lacks a functional CIPK9 gene and displayed a mildly stronger phenotype, both under saline and osmotic stress conditions. The reported difference was attributed to the ability of Oscipk9 to maintain significantly higher stomatal conductance (thus, a greater carbon gain). Oscipk9 plants contained much less K+ in their tissues, implying the role of CIPK9 in K+ acquisition and homeostasis in rice. Oscipk9 roots also showed hypersensitivity to ROS under conditions of low K+ availability suggesting an important role of H2O2 signalling as a component of plant adaptive responses to a low-K environment. The likely mechanistic basis of above physiological responses is discussed.

scholarly journals The physiological role of SYP4 in the salinity and osmotic stress tolerances

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Uemura ◽  
Takashi Ueda ◽  
Akihiko Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Physiological Role

scholarly journals Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Ling Hao ◽  
Biping Zhu ◽  
Zhonghao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Calcium Sensors ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K+ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. Various K+ shortage-activated signaling cascades exist. Among these, calcium signaling is the most important signaling system within plant cells. This review is focused on the possible roles of calcium signaling in plant responses to low-K+ stress. In plants, intracellular calcium levels are first altered in response to K+ deficiency, resulting in calcium signatures that exhibit temporal and spatial features. In addition, calcium channels located within the root epidermis and root hair zone can then be activated by hyperpolarization of plasma membrane (PM) in response to low-K+ stress. Afterward, calcium sensors, including calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like protein (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), can act in the sensing of K+ deprivation. In particular, the important components regarding CBL/CBL-interacting protein kinase (CBL/CIPK) complexes-involved in plant responses to K+ deficiency are also discussed.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) in Health and Disease

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1609
Author(s):  
Emily E. Oliver ◽  
Erin K. Hughes ◽  
Meaghan K. Puckett ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
W. Todd Lowther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Neuronal Distribution ◽  
And Function

Endocannabinoid signaling depends upon the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and intracellular proteins that mediate responses via the C-terminal and other intracellular receptor domains. The CB1 receptor regulates and is regulated by associated G proteins predominantly of the Gi/o subtypes, β-arrestins 1 and 2, and the cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a). Evidence for a physiological role for CRIP1a is emerging as data regarding the cellular localization and function of CRIP1a are generated. Here we summarize the neuronal distribution and role of CRIP1a in endocannabinoid signaling, as well as discuss investigations linking CRIP1a to development, vision and hearing sensory systems, hippocampus and seizure regulation, and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. We also examine the genetic and epigenetic association of CRIP1a within a variety of cancer subtypes. This review provides evidence upon which to base future investigations on the function of CRIP1a in health and disease.

scholarly journals Cellular IAPs inhibit a cryptic CD95-induced cell death by limiting RIP1 kinase recruitment

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Geserick ◽  
Mike Hupe ◽  
Maryline Moulin ◽  
W. Wei-Lynn Wong ◽  
Maria Feoktistova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Death Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Inhibitory Protein ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Complex Ii ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
Iap Antagonist ◽  
Cellular Inhibitors

A role for cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs [cIAPs]) in preventing CD95 death has been suspected but not previously explained mechanistically. In this study, we find that the loss of cIAPs leads to a dramatic sensitization to CD95 ligand (CD95L) killing. Surprisingly, this form of cell death can only be blocked by a combination of RIP1 (receptor-interacting protein 1) kinase and caspase inhibitors. Consistently, we detect a large increase in RIP1 levels in the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and in a secondary cytoplasmic complex (complex II) in the presence of IAP antagonists and loss of RIP1-protected cells from CD95L/IAP antagonist–induced death. Cells resistant to CD95L/IAP antagonist treatment could be sensitized by short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP). However, only cFLIPL and not cFLIPS interfered with RIP1 recruitment to the DISC and complex II and protected cells from death. These results demonstrate a fundamental role for RIP1 in CD95 signaling and provide support for a physiological role of caspase-independent death receptor–mediated cell death.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Key Factors Involved in Response to Potassium Deficiency and Feedback Regulation of K+ Uptake in Cotton Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Doudou Yang ◽  
Fangjun Li ◽  
Fei Yi ◽  
A. Egrinya Eneji ◽  
Xiaoli Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

To properly understand cotton responses to potassium (K+) deficiency and how its shoot feedback regulates K+ uptake and root growth, we analyzed the changes in root transcriptome induced by low K+ (0.03 mM K+, lasting three days) in self-grafts of a K+ inefficient cotton variety (CCRI41/CCRI41, scion/rootstock) and its reciprocal grafts with a K+ efficient variety (SCRC22/CCRI41). Compared with CCRI41/CCRI41, the SCRC22 scion enhanced the K+ uptake and root growth of CCRI41 rootstock. A total of 1968 and 2539 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the roots of CCRI41/CCRI41 and SCRC22/CCRI41 in response to K+ deficiency, respectively. The overlapped and similarly (both up- or both down-) regulated DEGs in the two grafts were considered the basic response to K+ deficiency in cotton roots, whereas the DEGs only found in SCRC22/CCRI41 (1954) and those oppositely (one up- and the other down-) regulated in the two grafts might be the key factors involved in the feedback regulation of K+ uptake and root growth. The expression level of four putative K+ transporter genes (three GhHAK5s and one GhKUP3) increased in both grafts under low K+, which could enable plants to cope with K+ deficiency. In addition, two ethylene response factors (ERFs), GhERF15 and GhESE3, both down-regulated in the roots of CCRI41/CCRI41 and SCRC22/CCRI41, may negatively regulate K+ uptake in cotton roots due to higher net K+ uptake rate in their virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants. In terms of feedback regulation of K+ uptake and root growth, several up-regulated DEGs related to Ca2+ binding and CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinases), one up-regulated GhKUP3 and several up-regulated GhNRT2.1s probably play important roles. In conclusion, these results provide a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in basic response to low K+ stress in cotton roots and feedback regulation of K+ uptake, and present several low K+ tolerance-associated genes that need to be further identified and characterized.

scholarly journals Thymol ameliorates ammonium toxicity via repressing polyamine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and modulating ammonium transporters in rice root

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Guo ◽  
Guangchi An ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Bingdong Pang ◽  
Zhiqi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Polyamine Oxidase ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Ammonium Toxicity ◽  
Calcineurin B ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Ammonium Stress

Abstract Background Ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth, but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in soil. Excessive ammonium causes phytotoxicity. Thymol is a kind of natural phenolic compound with anti-microbial properties. However, little is known about the role of thymol in modulating plant physiology. Here we find the novel role of thymol in protecting rice from ammonium toxicity. Results Thymol remarkably rescued rice seedlings growth from ammonium stress, which may resulted from the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, oxidative injury, and cell death in both shoots and roots. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) metabolizes polyamines to produce ROS in plants in response to stress conditions. Thymol blocked ammonium-induced upregulation of a set of rice PAOs, which contributed to the decrease in ROS content. In rice seedlings upon ammonium stress, thymol downregulate the expression of ammonium transporters (AMT1;1 and AMT1;2); thymol upregulated the expression of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) and calcineurin B-like binding protein 1 (CBL1), two negative regulators of AMTs. This may help rice avoid ammonium overload in excessive ammonium environment. Correlation analysis indicated that PAOs, AMTs, and CBL1 were the targets of thymol in the detoxification of excessive ammonium. Conclusion Thymol facilitates rice tolerance against ammonium toxicity by decreasing PAO-derived ROS and modulating ammonium transporters. Such findings may be applicable in the modulation of nutrient acquisition during crop production. Graphical abstract

Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like proteins differentially regulate phosphorylation activity of CBL-interacting protein kinase 9

2018 ◽  
Vol 475 (16) ◽  
pp. 2621-2636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh K. Yadav ◽  
Saroj K. Jha ◽  
Sibaji K. Sanyal ◽  
Sheng Luan ◽  
Girdhar K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Calcineurin B ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Metal Cofactors ◽  
Two Hybrid

Calcium (Ca2+) is a versatile and ubiquitous second messenger in all eukaryotes including plants. In response to various stimuli, cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) is increased, leading to activation of Ca2+ sensors including Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs). CBLs interact with CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) to form CBL–CIPK complexes and transduce the signal downstream in the signalling pathway. Although there are many reports on the regulation of downstream targets by CBL–CIPK module, knowledge about the regulation of upstream components by individual CIPKs is inadequate. In the present study, we have carried out a detailed biochemical characterization of CIPK9, a known regulator of K+ deficiency in Arabidopsis, with its interacting CBLs. The present study suggests that CIPK9 specifically interacts with four CBLs, i.e. CBL1, CBL2, CBL3 and CBL9, in yeast two-hybrid assays. Out of these four CBLs, CBL2 and CBL3, specifically enhance the kinase activity of CIPK9, while the CBL1 and CBL9 decrease it as examined by in vitro kinase assays. In contrast, truncated CIPK9 (CIPK9ΔR), without the CBL-interacting regulatory C-terminal region, is not differentially activated by interacting CBLs. The protein phosphorylation assay revealed that CBL2 and CBL3 serve as preferred substrates of CIPK9. CBL2– and CBL3–CIPK9 complexes show altered requirement for metal cofactors when compared with CIPK9 alone. Moreover, the autophosphorylation of constitutively active CIPK9 (CIPK9T178D) and less active CIPK9 (CIPK9T178A) in the presence of CBL2 and CBL3 was further enhanced. Our study suggests that CIPK9 differentially phosphorylates interacting CBLs, and furthermore, the kinase activity of CIPK9 is also differentially regulated by specific interacting CBLs.

scholarly journals Response of Fission Yeast to Toxic Cations Involves Cooperative Action of the Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Spc1/Sty1 and the Hal4 Protein Kinase

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 3945-3955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-yu Wang ◽  
Koichi Shimada ◽  
Masayo Morishita ◽  
Kazuhiro Shiozaki
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Cellular Resistance ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), members of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) subfamily, are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Studies of yeasts demonstrated that SAPKs play pivotal roles in survival responses to high osmolarity, oxidative stress, and heat shock. Here we report a novel physiological role of the fission yeast Spc1 SAPK in cellular resistance to certain cations, such as Na+, Li+, and Ca2+. Strains lacking Spc1 or its activator, Wis1 MAPK kinase, are hypersensitive to these cations. Spc1 positively regulates expression of sod2 + encoding a Na+/H+ antiporter through Atf1 and other transcription factors. In addition, we have identified a novel Spc1-interacting protein, Hal4, which is highly homologous to the budding yeast Sat4/Hal4 protein kinase. Like its budding yeast counterpart, the fission yeast Hal4 kinase is essential for cellular resistance to Na+, Li+, and Ca2+. The hal4-null phenotype is complemented by overexpression of the Trk1 potassium transporter or increased K+ in the growth medium, suggesting that Hal4 promotes K+ uptake, which consequently increases cellular resistance to other cations. Interestingly, the Spc1-Hal4 interaction appears to be required for cellular resistance to Ca2+ but not Na+ and Li+. We propose that Spc1 SAPK and Hal4 kinase cooperatively function to protect cells from the toxic cations.

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