scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis Unravels Key Factors Involved in Response to Potassium Deficiency and Feedback Regulation of K+ Uptake in Cotton Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3133
Author(s):  
Doudou Yang ◽  
Fangjun Li ◽  
Fei Yi ◽  
A. Egrinya Eneji ◽  
Xiaoli Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

To properly understand cotton responses to potassium (K+) deficiency and how its shoot feedback regulates K+ uptake and root growth, we analyzed the changes in root transcriptome induced by low K+ (0.03 mM K+, lasting three days) in self-grafts of a K+ inefficient cotton variety (CCRI41/CCRI41, scion/rootstock) and its reciprocal grafts with a K+ efficient variety (SCRC22/CCRI41). Compared with CCRI41/CCRI41, the SCRC22 scion enhanced the K+ uptake and root growth of CCRI41 rootstock. A total of 1968 and 2539 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the roots of CCRI41/CCRI41 and SCRC22/CCRI41 in response to K+ deficiency, respectively. The overlapped and similarly (both up- or both down-) regulated DEGs in the two grafts were considered the basic response to K+ deficiency in cotton roots, whereas the DEGs only found in SCRC22/CCRI41 (1954) and those oppositely (one up- and the other down-) regulated in the two grafts might be the key factors involved in the feedback regulation of K+ uptake and root growth. The expression level of four putative K+ transporter genes (three GhHAK5s and one GhKUP3) increased in both grafts under low K+, which could enable plants to cope with K+ deficiency. In addition, two ethylene response factors (ERFs), GhERF15 and GhESE3, both down-regulated in the roots of CCRI41/CCRI41 and SCRC22/CCRI41, may negatively regulate K+ uptake in cotton roots due to higher net K+ uptake rate in their virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants. In terms of feedback regulation of K+ uptake and root growth, several up-regulated DEGs related to Ca2+ binding and CIPK (CBL-interacting protein kinases), one up-regulated GhKUP3 and several up-regulated GhNRT2.1s probably play important roles. In conclusion, these results provide a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in basic response to low K+ stress in cotton roots and feedback regulation of K+ uptake, and present several low K+ tolerance-associated genes that need to be further identified and characterized.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of Two Tomato Genotypes in Response to Potassium-Deficiency Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zhao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Low K ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Tomato is a crop that requires a sufficient supply of potassium (K) for optimal productivity and quality. K+-deficiency stress decreases tomato yield and quality. To further delve into the mechanism of the response to K+-deficiency and to screen out low-K+ tolerant genes in tomatoes, BGISEQ-500-based RNA sequencing was performed using two tomato genotypes (low-K+ tolerant JZ34 and low-K+ sensitive JZ18). We identified 1936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in JZ18 and JZ34 at 12 and 24 h after K+-deficiency treatment. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, the DEGs that changed significantly primarily included transcription factors, transporters, kinases, oxidative stress proteins, and hormone signaling-and glycometabolism-related genes. The experimental results confirmed the induced expression of the responsive genes in the low-K+ signaling pathway. The largest group of DEGs comprised up to 110 oxidative stress-related genes. In total, 19 ethylene response factors (ERFs) demonstrated differential expression between JZ18 and JZ34 in response to K+-deficiency. Furthermore, we confirmed 20 DEGs closely related to K+-deficiency stress by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), some of which affected the root configuration, these DEGs could be further studied for use as molecular targets to explore novel approaches, and to acquire more effective K acquisition efficiencies for tomatoes. A hypothesis involving possible cross-talk between phytohormone signaling cues and reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to root growth in JZ34 is proposed. The results provide a comprehensive foundation for the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of tomatoes to low K+ stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Banana (Musa acuminate L.) in Response to Low-Potassium Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Can-Bin Zeng ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Zhen Yan ◽  
Zhao Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Gene Functional Classification ◽  
Low K

Potassium (K+) is an abundant and important macronutrient for plants. It plays crucial roles in many growth and developmental processes, and growth is inhibited under low −K+ conditions. The molecular mechanisms operating under K+ starvation have been little reported in banana, which is a non-model plant. We conducted a transcriptome analysis of banana (Musa acuminata L. AAA group, cv. Cavendish) in response to low −K+ stress. The phenotypic traits and transcriptomic profiles of banana leaves and roots were compared between low −K+ (LK) and normal −K+ (NK) groups. The phenotypic parameters for the LK group, including fresh and dry weight, were lower than those for the NK group, which suggested that low −K+ stress may inhibit some important metabolic and biosynthetic processes. K+ content and biomass were both decreased in the LK group compared to the NK group. Following ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-Seq), a total of 26,796 expressed genes were detected in normal −K+ leaves (NKL), 27,014 were detected in low −K+ leaves (LKL), 29,158 were detected in normal −K+ roots (NKR), and 28,748 were detected in low −K+ roots (LKR). There were 797 up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 386 down-regulated DEGs in NKL versus LKL, while there were 1917 up-regulated DEGs and 2830 down-regulated DEGs in NKR versus LKR. This suggested that the roots were more sensitive to low −K+ stress than the leaves. DEGs related to K+ transport and uptake were analyzed in detail. Gene functional classification showed that the expression of genes regarding ABC transporters, protein kinases, transcription factors, and ion transporters were also detected, and may play important roles during K+ deficiency.

scholarly journals Revealing the Role of the Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase 9 (CIPK9) in Rice Adaptive Responses to Salinity, Osmotic Stress, and K+ Deficiency

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Sergey Shabala ◽  
Mohammad Alnayef ◽  
Jayakumar Bose ◽  
Zhong-Hua Chen ◽  
Gayatri Venkataraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Calcineurin B ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

In plants, calcineurin B-like (CBL) proteins and their interacting protein kinases (CIPK) form functional complexes that transduce downstream signals to membrane effectors assisting in their adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. This study addresses the issue of the physiological role of CIPK9 in adaptive responses to salinity, osmotic stress, and K+ deficiency in rice plants. Whole-plant physiological studies revealed that Oscipk9 rice mutant lacks a functional CIPK9 gene and displayed a mildly stronger phenotype, both under saline and osmotic stress conditions. The reported difference was attributed to the ability of Oscipk9 to maintain significantly higher stomatal conductance (thus, a greater carbon gain). Oscipk9 plants contained much less K+ in their tissues, implying the role of CIPK9 in K+ acquisition and homeostasis in rice. Oscipk9 roots also showed hypersensitivity to ROS under conditions of low K+ availability suggesting an important role of H2O2 signalling as a component of plant adaptive responses to a low-K environment. The likely mechanistic basis of above physiological responses is discussed.

Overexpression of HvAKT1 improves drought tolerance in barley by regulating root ion homeostasis and ROS and NO signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6587-6600
Author(s):  
Xue Feng ◽  
Wenxing Liu ◽  
Fangbin Cao ◽  
Yizhou Wang ◽  
Guoping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
K Channel ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Drought Treatment

Abstract Potassium (K+) is the major cationic inorganic nutrient utilized for osmotic regulation, cell growth, and enzyme activation in plants. Inwardly rectifying K+ channel 1 (AKT1) is the primary channel for root K+ uptake in plants, but the function of HvAKT1 in barley plants under drought stress has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we conducted evolutionary bioinformatics, biotechnological, electrophysiological, and biochemical assays to explore molecular mechanisms of HvAKT1 in response to drought in barley. The expression of HvAKT1 was significantly up-regulated by drought stress in the roots of XZ5—a drought-tolerant wild barley genotype. We isolated and functionally characterized the plasma membrane-localized HvAKT1 using Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of HvAKT1 in barley. Evolutionary bioinformatics indicated that the K+ selective filter in AKT1 originated from streptophyte algae and is evolutionarily conserved in land plants. Silencing of HvAKT1 resulted in significantly decreased biomass and suppressed K+ uptake in root epidermal cells under drought treatment. Disruption of HvAKT1 decreased root H+ efflux, H+-ATPase activity, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, but increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in the roots under drought stress. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of HvAKT1 improves K+ uptake and increases drought resistance in barley. Our results highlight the importance of HvAKT1 for root K+ uptake and its pleiotropic effects on root H+-ATPase, and H2O2 and NO in response to drought stress, providing new insights into the genetic basis of drought tolerance and K+ nutrition in barley.

scholarly journals Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wang ◽  
Ling Hao ◽  
Biping Zhu ◽  
Zhonghao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Calcium Signaling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Calcium Sensors ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K+ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. Various K+ shortage-activated signaling cascades exist. Among these, calcium signaling is the most important signaling system within plant cells. This review is focused on the possible roles of calcium signaling in plant responses to low-K+ stress. In plants, intracellular calcium levels are first altered in response to K+ deficiency, resulting in calcium signatures that exhibit temporal and spatial features. In addition, calcium channels located within the root epidermis and root hair zone can then be activated by hyperpolarization of plasma membrane (PM) in response to low-K+ stress. Afterward, calcium sensors, including calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like protein (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), can act in the sensing of K+ deprivation. In particular, the important components regarding CBL/CBL-interacting protein kinase (CBL/CIPK) complexes-involved in plant responses to K+ deficiency are also discussed.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Pyrus betulaefolia Seedling Root Responses to Short-Term Potassium Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8857
Author(s):  
Han Yang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yumeng Jin ◽  
Liping Kan ◽  
Changwei Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K ◽  
Potassium Deprivation

Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in multiple physiological and developmental processes in plants. Its deficiency is a common abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and reduces crop productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant responses to low K could help to improve the efficiency of K use in plants. However, such responses remain poorly characterized in fruit tree species such as pears (Pyrus sp). We analyzed the physiological and transcriptome responses of a commonly used pear rootstock, Pyrus betulaefolia, to K-deficiency stress (0 mM). Potassium deprivation resulted in apparent changes in root morphology, with short-term low-K stress resulting in rapidly enhanced root growth. Transcriptome analyses indicated that the root transcriptome was coordinately altered within 6 h after K deprivation, a process that continued until 15 d after treatment. Potassium deprivation resulted in the enhanced expression (up to 5-fold) of a putative high-affinity K+ transporter, PbHAK5 (Pbr037826.1), suggesting the up-regulation of mechanisms associated with K+ acquisition. The enhanced root growth in response to K-deficiency stress was associated with a rapid and sustained decrease in the expression of a transcription factor, PbMYB44 (Pbr015309.1), potentially involved in mediating auxin responses, and the increased expression of multiple genes associated with regulating root growth. The concentrations of several phytohormones including indoleacetic acid (IAA), ABA, ETH, gibberellin (GA3), and jasmonic acid (JA) were higher in response to K deprivation. Furthermore, genes coding for enzymes associated with carbon metabolism such as SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE (SDH) and SUCROSE SYNTHASE (SUS) displayed greatly enhanced expression in the roots under K deprivation, presumably indicating enhanced metabolism to meet the increased energy demands for growth and K+ acquisition. Together, these data suggest that K deprivation in P. betulaefolia results in the rapid re-programming of the transcriptome to enhance root growth and K+ acquisition. These data provide key insights into the molecular basis for understanding low-K-tolerance mechanisms in pears and in other related fruit trees and identifying potential candidates that warrant further analyses.

NH4+-stimulated low-K+ uptake is associated with the induction of H+ extrusion by the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in sorghum roots under K+ deficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (14) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Alvarez-Pizarro ◽  
Enéas Gomes-Filho ◽  
José Tarquínio Prisco ◽  
Maria Fátima Grossi-de-Sá ◽  
Osmundo Brilhante de Oliveira-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Low K

scholarly journals Nanocomposite scaffolds for accelerating chronic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Reza Aramideh Khouy ◽  
Ali Nosrati ◽  
Mohammad Khodaei ◽  
Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

AbstractSkin is the body’s first barrier against external pathogens that maintains the homeostasis of the body. Any serious damage to the skin could have an impact on human health and quality of life. Tissue engineering aims to improve the quality of damaged tissue regeneration. One of the most effective treatments for skin tissue regeneration is to improve angiogenesis during the healing period. Over the last decade, there has been an impressive growth of new potential applications for nanobiomaterials in tissue engineering. Various approaches have been developed to improve the rate and quality of the healing process using angiogenic nanomaterials. In this review, we focused on molecular mechanisms and key factors in angiogenesis, the role of nanobiomaterials in angiogenesis, and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches for accelerated wound healing based on improved angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Feedback Regulation of O-GlcNAc Transferase through Translation Control to Maintain Intracellular O-GlcNAc Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Lin ◽  
Chen-Chung Liao ◽  
Mei-Yu Chen ◽  
Teh-Ying Chou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Translation Control ◽  
Glcnac Transferase

Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involving the attachment of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the hydroxyl groups of Ser/Thr residues on numerous nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Two enzymes are responsible for O-GlcNAc cycling on substrate proteins: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes the addition while O-GlcNAcase (OGA) helps the removal of GlcNAc. O-GlcNAcylation modifies protein functions; therefore, dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation affects cell physiology and contributes to pathogenesis. To maintain homeostasis of cellular O-GlcNAcylation, there exists feedback regulation of OGT and OGA expression responding to fluctuations of O-GlcNAc levels; yet, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. In this study, we investigated the O-GlcNAc-feedback regulation of OGT and OGA expression in lung cancer cells. Results suggest that, upon alterations in O-GlcNAcylation, the regulation of OGA expression occurs at the mRNA level and likely involves epigenetic mechanisms, while modulation of OGT expression is through translation control. Further analyses revealed that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) contributes to the downregulation of OGT induced by hyper-O-GlcNAcylation; the S5A/S6A O-GlcNAcylation-site mutant of 4E-BP1 cannot support this regulation, suggesting an important role of O-GlcNAcylation. The results provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms through which cells may fine-tune intracellular O-GlcNAc levels to maintain homeostasis.

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