scholarly journals Potential Markers for Selecting Self-Eliminating Apple Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1612
Author(s):  
Aurelijus Starkus ◽  
Birute Frercks ◽  
Dalia Gelvonauskiene ◽  
Ingrida Mazeikiene ◽  
Rytis Rugienius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cultivar Groups ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Biological Differences ◽  
Selection Of

The heavy blooming of apple trees results in the inefficient usage of energy and nutritional material, and additional expenditure on fruitlet thinning is required to maintain fruit quality. A possible solution for controlling the fruit load on trees is the development of new cultivars that self-eliminate excess fruitlets, thus controlling yield. The aim of our study was to identify biological differences in apple cultivars in terms of blooming intensity and fruitlet load self-regulation. In total, 19 apple cultivars were studied in the years 2015–2017. The dynamics of fruitlet self-elimination, seed development in fruitlets and fruits, photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrates, and plant hormones were evaluated. We established that apple cultivars self-eliminating a small number of fruitlets need a lower number of well-developed seeds in fruit, and their number of leaves and area per fruit on a bearing branch are larger, compared to cultivars, self-eliminating large numbers of fruitlets. A higher carbohydrate amount in the leaves may be related to smaller fruitlet self-elimination. The amount of auxin and a high indole-3-acetic acid/zeatin ratio between leaves of cultivar groups with heavy blooming were higher than in cultivars with moderate blooming. A lower amount of abscisic acid was found in heavy-blooming cultivars during drought stress. All these parameters may be used as markers for the selection of different apple genotypes that self-eliminate fruitlets.

SAMUEL J. BROADS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary John Previts ◽  
Thomas R. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Securities Laws ◽  
Analogous Reasoning ◽  
Independent Audit ◽  
Selection Of

In the decade following the passage of the Federal Securities Laws of 1933 and 1934, the reform of accounting and auditing practices directed authority for selection of accounting principles and auditing procedures away from the discretion of the individual accountant and auditor. Instead, a self-regulatory peer driven process to establish general acceptance for a more limited set of principles and procedures was being initiated. Two events which occurred in 1938 indelibly affected this process, the SEC's decision to issue Accounting Series Release No. 4, which empowered non-governmental entities as potential sources of authoritative support, and the McKesson & Robbins fraud which called into question the value of the independent audit and the role of external auditing at the very time a momentum had been established for self-regulation by the nascent and recently reunified accounting profession. The contributions of Samuel J. Broad in both the initiatives for self-regulation of accounting principles and of auditing procedures is examined in this paper. Further, several examples of Broad's rhetorical technique of employing analogous reasoning to facilitate dissemination of complex economic and accounting issues are examined.

Changing Patterns in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Prehistory of Southern Africa as Seen from the Nelson Bay Cave Stone Artifact Sequence

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Later Stone Age ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stone Artifact

The dating of the Stone Age sequence in southern Africa has been considerably revised over the last decade, and one of the anomalies which has resulted is that the Middle Stone Age, now dated to beyond 30,000 B.P., does not immediately precede the Later Stone Agesensu stricto. The excavation and analysis of occupation horizons dating between the most recent Middle Stone Age assemblages and the Holocene is therefore of particular interest. Nelson Bay Cave, situated on the southern coast of South Africa, contains deposits which partly fill the “gap” between the Middle and Later Stone Ages, and the occupation horizons dating between about 18,000 and 5000 years ago are described in this paper. Changes in the habitat in the vicinity of the site caused by sea-level and vegetation changes coincident with the amelioration of temperatures at the end of the Pleistocene are clearly marked in the faunal remains at the site. Largely correlated with the faunal changes (which includes the introduction of marine resources to the cave at about 12,000 B.P.) are changes in the stone artifact assemblages. Three industries are recognized in the sequence: the Robberg, characterized by microbladelets produced from bladelet cores and a few small scrapers and backed tools; the Albany, characterized by large scrapers and an absence of backed tools; and the Wilton, characterized by a variety of Formal Tools including relatively large numbers of small scrapers and backed tools. These changes in artifact-manufacturing traditions are interpreted as signaling adjustments to changing environmental conditions. An explanation for these adjustments is not sought in a simple cause-and-effect relationship between the environment and the cultural response; artifact changes are seen instead as the result of a twofold process, with the environment acting as an external stimulus to change, and the direction of the artifact change governed by the selection of a range of possibilities offered by the technology of the Later Stone Agesensu latothat was widespread in subequatorial Africa during the last 20,000 years.

scholarly journals Associations between morphological and agronomic characteristics in garlic crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Valter C de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Amanda G Guimarães ◽  
Tiago D Firme ◽  
Aline Aparecida A Costa ◽  
Márcia Regina da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Bulb Yield

ABSTRACT Correlations and path analysis between characteristics can aid the selection of important attributes in breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform genotypic, phenotypic correlations and path analysis under commercial yield of garlic bulbs, depending on morphological and agronomic variables. The experiment was carried out in 2017 at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri and Universidade Federal de Lavras, using ten garlic genotypes, eight trials and two commercial cultivars, Caçador and Jonas. We evaluated: plant height; number of leaves, total bulb number; total bulb mass, total bulb yield, marketable bulb yield and number of cloves per bulb. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant between marketable yield of bulbs with bulb mass, total yield and number of cloves per bulb, indicating that selection based on these characteristics will help increase the yield of garlic. However, only the number of cloves per bulb had a direct effect and a relevant indirect effect on the marketable yield of garlic.

scholarly journals Multiple Correspondence and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses for the Profiling of Fresh Apple Customers Using Data from Two Marketplaces

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Bejaei ◽  
Margaret A. Cliff ◽  
Amritpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Special Event ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Purchase behavior and preferences for consumers of fresh apples were investigated using a consumer survey conducted at a special-event apple market. Survey respondents were asked to list apple cultivars they had purchased at the retail market and the special-event market. The special-event market offered many uncommon cultivars packed in clear plastic bags with a fixed weight and price. Respondents were also asked to identify their reasons for selection of each apple cultivar and answer demographic questions. A total of 169 customers completed the survey. Profiles of customers were identified using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and the impact of the change in available apple cultivars on consumers’ purchase behavior was explored. Consumers primarily indicated four main reasons in the selection of their apples: visual appearance, previous experience, taste/aroma, and texture. The first two reasons, evaluated before eating an apple, were loaded on the first MCA dimension, while the last two reasons (i.e., eating quality) were loaded on the second dimension in data from both marketplaces. HCA identified five classes of customers in both markets, and results indicated that similar market segments existed within the two marketplaces, regardless of the availability of apple cultivars.

Selection of wheat breeders' lines for improved baking quality based on their free lipid content

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Panozzo ◽  
F Bekes ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Free Lipid ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wheat Lines

To determine if a relationship exists between the amount of extracted lipid and loaf volume, the free lipid content in wholemeal wheat and flour samples was extracted using n-hexane. Three different extraction methods, classical Soxhlet, a commercial Soxhlet instrument known as the Soxtec and batch extraction at room temperature, were used. The aim was to ascertain which method could best be applied to screen large numbers of wheat lines in a breeding program. The results showed that the Soxhlet and Soxtec methods extracted similar amounts of lipid while the batch method extracted a lower amount. The relationships between loaf volume and free lipid extracted from either flour or wholemeal were highly significant. A protocol for screening wheat lines in a breeding program was developed. When evaluated over 2 years, measurement of free lipid content was sufficiently accurate to be used as a small scale test to select wheat lines for baking quality.

scholarly journals Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
B. Gelvonauskis ◽  
D. Gelvonauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Selection Of

Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.

scholarly journals MSX Sources in the LMC: Dust-Enshrouded AGB Stars, Post-AGB Stars and PN

2003 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
P. R. Wood ◽  
M. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Red Supergiants ◽  
Selection Of

The Midcourse Space (MSX) Experiment (Price 1995) detected large numbers of point sources in the LMC at 8.28 μm (Egan et al. 2001). Near-infrared J H K L imaging and monitoring of the 504 MSX sources in a region of size 3° x 3.5° covering most of the LMC bar has been carried out. Spectra have been taken for most of the post-AGB stars and a selection of the AGB stars and red supergiants.

Biology of Squat Lobsters

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Red Tides ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Squat Lobsters ◽  
Selection Of

Squat lobsters of the superfamilies Chirostyloidea and Galatheoidea are highly visible crustaceans on seamounts, continental margins, shelf environments, hydrothermal vents and coral reefs. About 1000 species are known. They frequently feature in deep-sea images taken by submersibles and are caught in large numbers by benthic dredges. Some species are so locally abundant that they form ‘red tides’. Others support a variety of important fisheries. The taxonomy of squat lobsters has been intensively studied over the past few decades, making them one of the best known deepwater crustacean groups. As a result, they have attracted the attention of deep-sea ecologists who use them as proxies to test hypotheses about deepwater ecological processes and biogeography. Interest in squat lobsters now extends much more widely than the taxonomic research community and this work is a timely synthesis of what is known about these animals. The Biology of Squat Lobsters provides keys for identification and reviews the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy, evolution, life history, distribution, ecology and fisheries of squat lobsters. A striking feature of squat lobsters is their vivid coloration, which is revealed in a selection of spectacular images of different species. 2012 Whitley Award Commendation for Invertebrate Natural History.

scholarly journals Study of repeatability and phenotypical stabilization in kale using frequentist, Bayesian and bootstrap resampling approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42606
Author(s):  
Orlando Gonçalves Brito ◽  
Valter Carvalho de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Alcinei Mistico de Azevedo ◽  
Luan Mateus Silva Donato ◽  
Lidiane Rodrigues Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bootstrap Resampling ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Bayesian Methodologies ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to obtain information for the genetic improvement of kale through repeatability and phenotypic stabilization studies and to compare methodologies that represent the reliability of the estimated parameters. Thirty-three half-sib progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replicates and six plants per plot. Eight harvests were evaluated in terms of the yield of fresh leaves, number of shoots, number of leaves and average mass of leaves. Then, a phenotypic repeatability and stabilization study was performed, estimating the genetic parameters σ2a, σ²g, σ²e, and the coefficient of environmental variation and repeatability using the frequentist and Bayesian methodologies. To evaluate the reliability of these estimates, intervals were obtained using the frequentist, Bayesian and bootstrap methods. It was verified that the reliable selection of progenies of half-sib of kale can be achieved in four harvests that were realized between 95 and 170 days after planting. It was observed that the frequentist and Bayesian methodologies are better suited to obtain reliable estimates of the genetic parameters evaluated, as the last one provided smaller amplitudes for the obtained intervals. The bootstrap methodologies are not recommended for phenotypic repeatability and stabilization studies in kale.

The Grid Menu: Efficient and Robust Selection of Menu-Items

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (14) ◽  
pp. 1281-1285
Author(s):  
Hong-In Cheng ◽  
Patrick E. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
User Preference ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Menu Item ◽  
Menu Choice ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Business Web ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Selection Of

With the increasing use of e-business web sites, users are often asked to select a menu-item from a large numbers of options. In this research, the pull-down menu, fisheye menu and grid menu were tested to compare the performance time, error rate, user satisfaction, simplicity, user friendliness, usefulness, and overall user preference of each menu type. The grid menu was more efficient in selection speed than the pull-down and fisheye menus when the number of menu-items was 50 and 100. The time needed to choose a menu-item with a grid menu was less affected by the size of menu and the physical location of an item within a menu. The pull-down and the grid menus were considered to be more satisfactory, simple, user friendly, and useful than the fisheye menu. 42.3 percent of subjects indicated that the grid menu was their preferred selection tool among the menus. The grid menu is an efficient and robust alternative menu choice for small and middle size menu lists.

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