scholarly journals Alleviation of Chlorpyrifos Toxicity in Maize (Zea mays L.) by Reducing Its Uptake and Oxidative Stress in Response to Soil-Applied Compost and Biochar Amendments

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2170
Author(s):  
Humera Aziz ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Compost Amendments ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a pesticide used extensively in agricultural crops. Residual CP has been found in a variety of soils, vegetables and fruits indicating a serious danger to humans. Therefore, it is necessary to restrict its entry into agricultural products for food safety. A wire-house pot experiment was conducted with maize plants in biochar- and compost-amended soil (at 0.25% and 0.50%, respectively, in weight-by-weight composition) contaminated with 100 and 200 mg kg−1 of CP, respectively. Results indicated toxicity at both CP levels (with 84% growth reduction) at CP 200 mg kg−1. However, application of compost and biochar at the 0.50% level improved the fresh weight (2.8- and 4-fold, respectively). Stimulated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) activities and depressed catalase (CAT) activity were recorded in response to CP contamination and were significantly recovered by the amendments. Both amendments significantly decreased the CP phytoavailability. With biochar, 91% and 76% reduction in the CP concentration in maize shoots and with compost 72% and 68% reduction was recorded, at a 0.50% level in 100 and 200 mg kg−1 contaminated treatments respectively. Compost accelerated the CP degradation in postharvest soil. Therefore, biochar and compost amendments can effectively be used to decrease CP entry in agricultural produce by reducing its phytoavailability.

Protective effect of two synthetic compounds against chlorsulfuron injury in maize ( Zea mays L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stoilkova ◽  
P. Yonova
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Urea Derivative ◽  
Thiourea Derivative ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Sulphydryl Group ◽  
Group Treatments ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Derivatives Of

Two new synthetic compounds — urea (B-3) and thiourea (B-6) derivatives of 4-methylpiperazinyl — were investigated as possible antidotes for chlorsulfuron in maize. It was established that the thiourea derivative was a more effective herbicide protector than the urea derivative. The shoot length of maize plants treated with 10 −5 M chlorsulfuron was inhibited 60% compared to the untreated plants, whereas pretreatment with 5×10 −4 M B-6 reduced this inhibition to 23%. Moreover, the decrease of 53% in shoot fresh weight caused by herbicide applied alone was countered almost completely by B-6 with only an 11% loss in fresh weight observed. The results of this investigation show that the urea derivative (B-3) appeared to be ineffective in antidoting the injurious effect of chlorsulfuron. Decreases in root length and fresh weight were also offset by B-6. The more favourable protective activity of the thioureido group in B-6 could be due to the formation of an isomer with isothiourea structure, having a sulphydryl group. Treatments with herbicide and B-3 / B-6 alone or in combination had no significant effect on the parameters of the antioxidative defence system tested.

scholarly journals Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aammar Tufail ◽  
María Touceda-González ◽  
Ilaria Pertot ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Identification of Associations between SSR Markers and Quantitative Traits of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Kamila Nowosad ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Szulc
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have wide applicability for genetic analysis in crop plant improvement strategies. Marker-assisted selection is an important tool for plant breeders to increase the efficiency of a breeding process, especially for multigenic traits, highly influenced by the environment. In this paper, the relationships between SSR markers and 26 quantitative traits of hybrid maize varieties (Zea mays L.) were analyzed. Association analyses were performed based on 30 SSR primers in a set of thirteen hybrid maize varieties. A total of 112 SSR markers were detected in these genotypes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 17, with the average number of alleles per locus equal to 3.7. The number of molecular markers associated with observed traits ranged from 1 (for the number of kernels in row, ears weight and fresh weight of one plant) to 14 (for damage of maize caused by P. nubilalis) in 2016 as well as from 1 (for soil plant analysis development—SPAD, the number of grains in ear and fresh weight of one plant) to 12 (for carotenoids content) in 2017. The sum of statistically significant associations between SSR markers and at least one trait was equal to one hundred sixty in 2016 as well as one hundred twenty-five in 2017. Marker trait associations (MTAs) were found on the basis of regression analysis. The proportion of the total phenotypic variances of individual traits explained by the marker ranged from 24.4% to 77.7% in the first year of study and from 24.3% to 77.9% in 2017. Twenty-two SSR markers performed a significant effect on at least one tested trait in both years of experiment. The three markers (phi021/4, phi036/3, and phi061/2) can be a good tool in marker-assisted selection because they allow simultaneous selection for multiple traits in both years of study, such as the number of kernels in row and the number of grains in ear (phi021/4), the number of plant after germination, the number of plants before harvest, and the number of ears (phi036/3), as well as moisture of grain and length of ears (phi061/2).

scholarly journals Identification of DNA of pathogens from Fusarium genus in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Tumanova ◽  
◽  
Cristina Grajdieru ◽  
Valentin Mitin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Plants

scholarly journals Effects of nano copper used in seed treatment for germination, growth, and productivity of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Thi Hien ◽  
Nguyen Tuong Van
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Treatment Technology

Recently, metal and other nanoparticles have been widely used to improve crop growth and development, reduce used chemical amount, increase safety of agricultural products and prevent soil and water pollution. Seed treatment technology with metal nanoparticles to stimulate seed germination and improve crop yields has been reported in several studies. In order to assess the safety of the use of metal nanoparticles in agriculture production, in this study the effect and safety of seed treatment with nanoparticles (nCu) prior to sowing on the germination, growth, development, productivity and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) were evaluated in the field conditions. Seeds of maize cultivar LVN 092 were treated with nCu at different concentrations before planting. Germination and plant growth rates, plants yield and grain nutrition were monitored and evaluated. The obtained results showed that treatment of maize seed with nCu at a concentration of 20 mg/kg seed increased germination after 7 days of sowing as well as the theoretical and actual yields compared to the control and the treatment of 1000 mg nCu/1 kg seeds. Other agricultural characteristics, such as the development rate, plant height, grain nutritional content including moisture, ash, total fiber, crude protein, minerals were not significantly between treatments and the control. Therefore, the seed treatments with metal nanoparticles can be contribute to improve agriculture production without impact to quality of crops. 

scholarly journals Use of a Biostimulant to Mitigate Salt Stress in Maize Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Roberto D’Amato ◽  
Daniele Del Buono
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The Impact

Salinity is considered among the abiotic stresses most impacting agriculture for its ability to interfere with crop development and quality. For this reason, practices and innovations that could contain the deleterious effects of such stress are of pivotal importance for maintaining acceptable crop yields. In this context, this work has concerned the study of severe salt stress (100 mM NaCl) on maize seedlings and the effects of a plant biostimulant (Megafol–Meg) in helping plants to cope with this adversity. Biomass production, pigments, the content Na+ and K+, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation products (MDA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were investigated in control samples, in samples treated with NaCl alone, and in samples treated with NaCl in combination with the biostimulant. The results showed that the biostimulant significantly mitigated the impact of the salt stress on shoot length and fresh weight, on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and reduced the amount of Na+ taken up by the species. Regarding the oxidative status, the biostimulated samples revealed lower amounts of H2O2 and MDA, while maize seedlings grown with NaCl alone exhibited the highest increases in the TPC, ABTS, and FRAP. The explanation for these effects is provided by highlighting the effectiveness of the biostimulant in avoiding Na+ accumulation, which resulted in a lower content of H2O2, MDA, TPC, and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Conditions for increasing the export of agricultural products in our country in the context of a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2/S) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Hojiakbar Fayzullaev ◽  
Umidjon Dadabaev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Dignified Life

This article examines the sectors of the economy of countries during the pandemic, as well as the issues of growing and exporting agricultural products. The article examines the processes of production of vegetables and fruits in the agricultural sector, their processing high - quality supply of the population, and export. In this article, the authors emphasize the importance of reforms and measures taken in our country not only to save the economy in the event of a pandemic but also to protect our greatest wealth from threats, to ensure their dignified life and long-term development.

The Environmental Awareness Influence Urban Female's Purchasing Intention of Organic Agricultural Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Lai ◽  
Nai-Yuan Pai ◽  
Wen-Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Online Shops

In 2018, the number of internet users in Taiwan reached 18.66 million. The online rate was 79.2%, which was 0.4% higher than that in 2017. Moreover, the annual growth rate of Taiwan's online shopping market is double digits, suggesting the rapid expansion of online shops and the popular trend in online shopping. Managing a store on the internet platform offers many advantages, such as low operating cost, cheaper fees, greater sources of customers, and keyword marketing. As online shopping becomes prevalent in Taiwan, online shops are considered effective sales channels. Among the online shops, there are many small organic shops operated by farmers, as well as chain organic stores. However, researches on Taiwan's online purchase and sales of organic agricultural products (vegetables and fruits) are very sparse. The subjects were mostly urban women, who are white-collar workers, have middle to upper income levels, a high level of education, and are highly frequent internet shoppers. The findings indicate that in the booming online shopping market, urban women's attitude and perceived behavioral control positively, affect their intention to buy organic agricultural products (vegetables and fruits) online. Chain stores and farmers should consider internet marketing as an important sales channel targeting urban women.

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