scholarly journals Wheat and Cereal Rye Inter-Row Living Mulches Interfere with Early Season Weeds in Soybean

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2276
Author(s):  
Charles M. Geddes ◽  
Robert H. Gulden
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Rapid growth of cool-season weeds in the spring exacerbates weed interference during early soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) establishment in northern climates. This study tested the utility of spring-seeded inter-row living mulches in soybean for early season weed suppression using volunteer canola (Brassica napus L.) as a representative model weed species. The effects of the presence or absence of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) living mulches (mulch type) that had been seeded simultaneously with soybean grown using 38 or 76 cm row spacing (spatial arrangement) and the presence or absence of herbicides used for mid-season mulch termination (herbicide regime) were evaluated in three environments in Manitoba, Canada, in 2013 and 2014. Soybean yield was similar in the presence and absence of the living mulches. In the environment that received the lowest precipitation (Carman 2013), the mulches terminated with post-emergence glyphosate resulted in a 55% greater soybean yield compared to the mulches that remained live throughout the growing season. Inter-row mulches that had been living or terminated mid-season reduced volunteer canola seed production by about one-third (up to 9000 seeds m−2). This study demonstrates the utility of wheat or cereal rye inter-row living mulches for enhanced interference with weeds during early soybean establishment.

Influence of Shading by Soybeans (Glycine max) on Weed Suppression

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Murphy ◽  
B. J. Gossett
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field studies were conducted at Florence and Clemson, South Carolina to measure the influence of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] planting dates on the length of early-season weed control needed to prevent yield reductions, the rate of shade development, and suppression of annual weeds by soybeans. The rate of shade development was similar for both planting dates during the 9- to 11-week period after planting for Florence and Clemson, respectively. The period of weed-free maintenance required to prevent soybean yield reductions was not affected by planting dates. With cultivation between rows, early- and late-planted soybeans required 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance to achieve maximum yields. Lower weed weights resulted from late than early soybean plantings. At Clemson, 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for early and late plantings reduced weed weights 97 and 91%, respectively. Weed weights at Florence were reduced 85% with 3 weeks of weed-free maintenance for the late plantings, whereas 5 weeks were required to reduce weed weights 88% for early plantings.

scholarly journals Research on the Allelophatic Effect Between the Invasive Species Ambrosia Artemisiifolia L. (“Floarea Pustei”) and Some Agricultural Crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae HODIŞAN ◽  
Gavrilă MORAR ◽  
Cristina-Maria NEAG
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Germination And Growth

The paper presents the results of the allelopathic effect on the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, in the interaction between the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) and five crop species: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The tests consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from young Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. plants, as well as from different vegetative organs harvested from mature plants (roots, leaves and seeds). The results show a highly significant inhibiting effect on the germination of wheat, rye, barley and rape seeds and an insignificant one in lucerne seeds. A strong inhibiting effect upon the growth of plants in early stages of vegetation was established in wheat and rape and a stimulation of growth in the same stage of vegetation in barley and lucerne.

scholarly journals Results of the Research on the Allelopathic Effect Between the Neophyte Species, Iva Xanthiifolia Nutt. (“Ierboaia”) and Some Agricultural Crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae HODIŞAN
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Germination And Growth

Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., popularly known as “ierboaie”, is a neophyte invasive species notorious for being an allergenic weed, identified in the west of Romania, in two locations near Oradea, in Bihor County, near the border with Hungary. This species belongs to the allergenic weeds, being considered by some even more dangerous than Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., the two representing in summer the primary source of allergies, or diseases like hay fever, due to the pollen released in the atmosphere.The research is about the results of the allelophatic effect upon the germination and growth of plants, immediately after springing, viewed as the interaction between the species of Iva xanthiifolia and five other crop plants: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rape (Brassica napus L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa). The experiments that were performed consisted in applying treatments with aqueous extracts obtained from different vegetative organs (roots, leaves, stems and seeds) harvested from Iva xanthiifolia plants. In all cases, the results indicate a rather large inhibitor effect, no matter if the aqueous extracts were obtained from green plants or dehydrated ones.

Winter Annual Weed Suppression in Rye–Vetch Cover Crop Mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Hayden ◽  
Daniel C. Brainard ◽  
Ben Henshaw ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Winter annual weeds can interfere directly with crops and serve as alternative hosts for important pests, particularly in reduced tillage systems. Field experiments were conducted on loamy sand soils at two sites in Holt, MI, between 2008 and 2011 to evaluate the relative effects of cereal rye, hairy vetch, and rye–vetch mixture cover crops on the biomass and density of winter annual weed communities. All cover crop treatments significantly reduced total weed biomass compared with a no-cover-crop control, with suppression ranging from 71 to 91% for vetch to 95 to 98% for rye. In all trials, the density of nonmustard family broadleaf weeds was either not suppressed or suppressed equally by all cover crop treatments. In contrast, the density of mustard family weed species was suppressed more by rye and rye–vetch mixtures than by vetch. Cover crops were more consistently suppressive of weed dry weight per plant than of weed density, with rye-containing cover crops generally more suppressive than vetch. Overall, rye was most effective at suppressing winter annual weeds; however, rye–vetch mixtures can match the level of control achieved by rye, in addition to providing a potential source of fixed nitrogen for subsequent cash crops.

scholarly journals The convergent evolution of aluminium resistance in plants exploits a convenient currency

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Ryan ◽  
Emmanuel Delhaize
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Organic Anions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Aluminium Resistance

Suspicions that soluble aluminium (Al) is detrimental to plant growth were reported more than 100 years ago. The rhizotoxicity of Al3+ is now accepted as the major limitation to plant production on acidic soils. Plants differ in their susceptibility to Al3+ toxicity and significant variation can occur within species, even in some major crops. The physiology of Al3+ resistance in some species has been understood for 15 years but the molecular biology has been elucidated only recently. The first gene controlling Al3+ resistance was cloned from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2004 but others have now been identified in Arabidopsis, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) with strong additional candidates in wheat and oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). These genes confer resistance in different ways, but one mechanism occurs in nearly all species examined so far. This mechanism relies on the release of organic anions from roots which bind with the harmful Al3+ cations in the apoplast and detoxify them. The genes controlling this response come from at least two distinct families, suggesting that convergent evolution has occurred. We discuss the processes driving this convergence of protein function and offer opinions for why organic anions are central to the mechanisms of resistance in disparate species. We propose that mutations which modify protein expression or their activation by Al3+ have played important roles in co-opting different transport proteins from other functions.

scholarly journals Influence of Cereal Rye Management on Weed Control in Soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt M. Vollmer ◽  
Mark J. VanGessel ◽  
Quintin R. Johnson ◽  
Barbara A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Winter Annual

Cereal rye as a cover crop is often used to improve soil health and as part of integrated weed management programs. Despite this, cereal rye biomass is often not managed for optimal weed suppression. This study evaluated the effects of managing cereal rye as part of an integrated weed management strategy in soybean. Factors consisted of levels of cereal rye management (no cereal rye, no nitrogen, or 20 kg/ha of nitrogen); cereal rye termination timing (20 or 10 d before soybean planting); and residual herbicide treatment applied at cereal rye termination (with or without). Winter annual weed control with cereal rye was generally greater compared to no cereal rye. Winter annual weed control was consistently better when cereal rye was terminated at 20 d before soybean planting compared to 10 d; while summer annual weed control was improved if termination was delayed. Effect of cereal rye management on summer annual weed control varied by weed species. In the absence of residual herbicides, Palmer amaranth control responded to the different levels of cereal rye management. However, morningglory spp. only responded to rye with supplemental N applications. Large crabgrass control was similar for treatments containing cereal rye, regardless of nitrogen input. Our results demonstrate the importance of cover crop management when incorporating cereal rye into an integrated weed management program for soybean.

scholarly journals Interseeding Camelina and Rye in Soybean with Varying Maturity Provides Soil Cover without Affecting Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Kory L. Johnson ◽  
Hans J. Kandel ◽  
Dulan P. Samarappuli ◽  
Marisol T. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Low adoption to utilize cover crops interseeded into soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), in the northern Plains in the USA, is due to a short growing season and a few adapted winter-hardy species. The objective was to evaluate the impact of interseeded winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) using different soybean relative maturities on soybean yield, canopy coverage, spring cover crop biomass, and subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Cover crops interseeded into early-maturing (0.4–0.8) soybean cultivars had more fall coverage compared with the 0.9 maturity cultivar, but the spring biomass was similar for all maturities. The soybean yield of the 0.9 cultivar was significantly higher, 2365 kg ha−1 compared with 2037 kg ha−1 for the 0.4 cultivar. Rye outperformed winter camelina and had higher fall canopy cover (15 vs. 7%), spring canopy cover (16% vs. 4%), and higher spring biomass (313 vs. 100 kg ha−1 dry matter). Spring wheat, after rye, yielded 90% of the check. It is not recommended to plant spring wheat following winter rye, but there was no negative yield effect from winter camelina. Interseeding cover crops into soybean in the northern Plains is possible but needs further research to optimize interseeding systems.

Evaluating cereal rye and crimson clover for weed suppression within buffer areas in dicamba-resistant soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Connor L. Hodgskiss ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Shalamar D. Armstrong ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Crop Biomass

Abstract As herbicide-resistant weeds become more problematic, producers will consider the use of cover crops to suppress weeds. Weed suppression from cover crops may be especially in the label-mandated buffer areas of dicamba-resistant soybean where dicamba use is not allowed. Three cover crops terminated at three timings with three herbicide strategies were evaluated for their effect on weed suppression in dicamba-resistant soybean. Delaying termination to at soybean planting, or after, and using a cereal rye or cereal rye + crimson clover increased cover crop biomass by at least 40% compared to terminating early or using a crimson clover only cover crop. Densities of problematic weed species were evaluated in early-summer prior to a blanket POST application. Plots with cereal rye had 75% less horseweed compared to crimson clover at two of four site-years. Cereal rye or the mix cover crop terminated at, or after soybean planting reduced waterhemp densities by 87% compared to early termination timings of crimson clover and the earliest termination timing of the mix at one of two site-years. Cover crops were not as effective in reducing waterhemp densities as they were in reducing horseweed densities. This difference is due to a divergence in emergence patterns; waterhemp emergence generally peaks after termination of the cover crop while horseweed emergence coincides with establishment and rapid vegetative growth of cereal rye. Cover crops alone were generally not as effective as using a high biomass cover crop combined with herbicide strategy that contained dicamba and residual herbicides. However, within label-mandated buffer areas where dicamba cannot be used, a cover crop containing cereal rye with delayed termination to at soybean planting combined with residual herbicides could be utilized to improve suppression of horseweed and waterhemp.

Differential response of weed and crop species to potassium and sulphur fertilizers

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
H. H. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Sulphur Fertilizer

Fertilization may affect the relative competitive ability of weeds and crops if the growth response to fertilizer differs among species. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the relative biomass yield response of 19 weed species and the crops canola (Brassica napus L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to potassium (K) and sulphur (S) fertilization. Seven weed species showed a significant increase in biomass production at 6 wk with K fertilization, but biomass production of canola and wheat did not increase with K addition. Sulphur fertilizer increased the biomass production of canola, flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), three of the four Cruciferae species evaluated, as well as that of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner), round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla Sm.) and stork’s-bill [Erodium cirutarium (L.) L’Her. Ex. Ait.]. Sulphur fertilizer did not increase the biomass production of spring wheat or of any grass weed species. The data from the greenhouse study support the concept that fertilization may shift the relative competition between a crop and the weed population if the weeds are more responsive than the crop to the type of fertilizer applied. However, this concept should be tested under field conditions. Key words: Integrated weed management, sulphur, potassium

EVOLUTION OF POLYAMINES IN WINTER CEREAL AND FORAGE SPECIES UNDER FIELD COLD ACCLIMATION IN QUEBEC

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NADEAU ◽  
R. PAQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Cold tolerance (LT50) and level of polyamines were measured in crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in two Quebec locations widely different in climates. Putrescine increased in winter cereals and timothy during cold hardening and showed a major peak at the end of winter at both locations (Saint-Hyacinthe and La Pocatière). There was a significant correlation between putrescine levels and cold tolerance during fall. However, in alfalfa, putrescine increased only at the end of winter and, like other species, decreased rapidly as plants underwent spring deacclimation. Levels of spermine and cadaverine remained low and showed little variation during winter. Spermidine levels were higher than spermine but remained stable during fall and winter. No significant correlation was observed between spermine, spermidine and cadaverine levels and cold hardiness.Key words: Polyamines, winter cereals, forage species, cold hardening

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