scholarly journals Variation of Triterpenic Acids in 12 Wild Syzygium formosum and Anti-Inflammation Activity on Human Keratinocyte HaCaT

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2428
Author(s):  
Hyun-ah Park ◽  
Mi Yoon Kim ◽  
Nan-Young Lee ◽  
Jaeyoon Lim ◽  
Kyu-been Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽  
Human Keratinocyte ◽  
Triterpenic Acids ◽  
Wild Tree ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Syzygium formosum (Wall.) Masam leaf is known as a Vietnamese traditional herbal medicine used to treat atopic dermatitis and stomach ulcers. Recently, its potent anti-allergic effects were reported with possible active compounds analysis. Here, we collected S. formosum leaves from 12 wild trees and compared compositions of triterpenic acids (TA) with Centella asiatica. Anti-inflammatory activities of S. formosum leaf extract (SFLE) was compared with C. asiatica extract (CAE) using human keratinocyte, HaCaT. In this study, up to seven TAs were identified in SFLE, while only madecassic and asiatic acids were detected in the CAE. Total TA content varied among SFLE, but asiatic, corosolic, and betulinic acids were the major components. Surprisingly, wild tree sample 12 (S12) contained total TA of 27.2 mg/g dry-leaves that was 5-fold greater than that in the C. asiatica sample, and S4 had the highest content of asiatic acid (12.6 mg/g dry-leaves) that accounted for 50% of the total TA. S4 and S12 showed more than 3-fold higher anti-oxidative power than the CAE. In the UVB irradiation model, S4 and S12 (5 μg/mL) strongly repressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) and COX-2, while the CAE at the same condition showed moderate or weak repression. The difference in anti-inflammation effects between the SFLE and the CAE was also confirmed by protein quantifications. Taken together, SFLE has great potentials as a new cosmeceutical ingredient with a higher amount of skin-active phytochemicals.

Methylmercury-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation and its preventive strategy using anti-inflammation N-acetyl-l-cysteine: a mini-review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Muflihatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Sensory Disturbances ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

AbstractThe exposure of methylmercury (MeHg) has become a public health concern because of its neurotoxic effect. Various neurological symptoms were detected in Minamata disease patients, who got intoxicated by MeHg, including paresthesia, ataxia, gait disturbance, sensory disturbances, tremors, visual, and hearing impairments, indicating that MeHg could pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cause impairment of neurons and other brain cells. Previous studies have reported some expected mechanisms of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity including the neuroinflammation pathway. It was characterized by the up-regulation of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Therefore, the use of anti-inflammatories such as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) may act as a preventive compound to protect the brain from MeHg harmful effects. This mini-review will explain detailed information on MeHg-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines activation as well as possible preventive strategies using anti-inflammation NAC to protect brain cells, particularly in in vivo and in vitro studies.

scholarly journals Modulation of ACE-2 mRNA by inflammatory cytokines in human thyroid cells: a pilot study

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Coperchini ◽  
Gianluca Ricci ◽  
Laura Croce ◽  
Marco Denegri ◽  
Rubina Ruggiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Introduction Angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) was demonstrated to be the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 mRNA was identified in several human tissues and recently also in thyroid cells in vitro. Purpose Aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the ACE-2 mRNA levels in human thyroid cells in primary cultures. Methods Primary thyroid cell cultures were treated with IFN-γ and TNF-α alone or in combination for 24 h. ACE-2 mRNA levels were measured by RT-PCR. As a control, the levels of IFN-γ inducible chemokine (CXCL10) were measured in the respective cell culture supernatants. Results The mean levels of ACE-2 mRNA increased after treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α in all the thyroid cell preparations, while the combination treatment did not consistently synergically increase ACE-2-mRNA. At difference, CXCL10 was consistently increased by IFN-γ and synergically further increased by the combination treatment with IFN-γ + TNF-α, with respect to IFN-γ alone. Conclusions The results of the present study show that IFN-γ and, to a lesser extent TNF-α consistently increase ACE-2 mRNA levels in NHT primary cultures. More interestingly, the combined stimulation (proven to be effective according to the synergic effect registered for CXCL10) produces different responses in terms of ACE-2 mRNA modulation. These results would suggest that elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines could facilitate the entering of the virus in cells by further increasing ACE-2 expression and/or account for the different degree of severity of SARS-COV-2 infection. This hypothesis deserves to be confirmed by further specific studies.

scholarly journals The Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesised from Cotyledon orbiculata Aqueous Extract

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Caroline Tyavambiza ◽  
Abdulrahman Mohammed Elbagory ◽  
Abram Madimabe Madiehe ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
Samantha Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as pig’s ear, is an important medicinal plant of South Africa. It is used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments, including skin eruptions, abscesses, inflammation, boils and acne. Many plants have been used to synthesize metallic nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). However, the synthesis of AgNPs from C. orbiculata has never been reported before. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs using C. orbiculata and evaluate their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The antimicrobial activities of the nanoparticles against skin pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans) as well as their effects on cytokine production in macrophages (differentiated from THP-1 cells) were evaluated. The AgNPs from C. orbiculata exhibited antimicrobial activity, with the highest activity observed against P. aeruginosa (5 µg/mL). The AgNPs also showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta) in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. This concludes that the AgNPs produced from C. orbiculata possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammation properties.

scholarly journals Multiple Oral Dosing Pharmacokinetics of Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica ECa 233 and Its Inductive Effect on Efflux Transporters in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. e66-e73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosapol Anukunwithaya ◽  
Mayuree Tantisira ◽  
Tsutomu Shimada ◽  
Yoshimichi Sai ◽  
Phisit Khemawoot
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Effect ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Multiple Dosing ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Triterpenoid Glycosides

AbstractECa 233 is a standardized extract of Centella asiatica, characterized as a white powder containing triterpenoid glycosides not less than 80% with a ratio of madecassoside to asiaticoside of 1.5±0.5:1. Although pharmacological and toxicological profiles of ECa 233 have been successively reported, the pharmacokinetic data needed for further therapeutic development are not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of multiple oral dosing of ECa 233 at 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days in rats. Plasma, tissues, urine, and feces were collected from 0 to 24 h after dosing on days 1 and 7. The concentrations of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid were simultaneously analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. No significant change was observed in physical and blood biochemical parameters of the animals treated with ECa 233 for 7 days. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve at day 7 of madecassoside and asiaticoside decreased by 70–80% from day 1. However, both triterpenoid glycosides were extensively distributed and accumulated, resulting in significantly higher concentrations at pharmacologically relevant organs. Madecasssic acid and asiatic acid are major metabolites mainly found in and excreted via feces. Moreover, multiple dosing of ECa 233 increased mRNA expression of Abcb1a and Abcc2 in the small intestine by approximately 2- to 3-fold. This is the first study to identify an inductive effect of a standardized extract of C. asiatica after multiple oral dosing in rats. Potential drug-herb interactions when ECa 233 is coadministered with Abcb1a and Abcc2 substrates calls for further investigations.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of TXNIP Isoforms in the Peripheral Leukocytes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujing Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhong ◽  
Yingze Xu ◽  
Baokui Wang ◽  
Tao Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Endogenous Inhibitor ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Thioredoxin Interacting Protein ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Peripheral Leukocytes

Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious type of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD). The pathological changes are characterized by atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), an endogenous inhibitor and regulator of thioredoxin, could bind thioredoxin to regulate its expression and antioxidant activity negatively. The NCBI data show that there are two isoforms in TXNIP gene, namely, TXNIP1 and TXNIP2. Our previous studies have shown that TXNIP expression levels in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) were increased compared with controls (CTR). However, no upregulation of TXNIP was detected in AMI patients. Methods. The leucocytes were isolated from peripheral venous blood, and total RNA of the leucocytes was extracted. Then, real-time quantitative PCR was performed. Results. mRNA levels of TXNIP2 in AMI were significantly increased compared with CTR (P<0.05). However, the expression of TXNIP1 was downregulated in AMI, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that TXNIP2 mRNA levels were significantly associated with AMI (OR = 2.207, P<0.05). Conclusions. The expression of TXNIP2, not TXNIP1, is upregulated in leukocytes of AMI patients, indicating that only TXNIP2 in circulating leucocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMI.

Comparative analysis of the ontogeny of a sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in rat kidney and ileum

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. G377-G385 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Christie ◽  
P. A. Dawson ◽  
S. Thevananther ◽  
B. L. Shneider
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Bile Acid Transporter ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Acid Transporter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function

An apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) has recently been cloned and characterized in the rat ileum. Northern and Western blotting revealed both the ASBT mRNA and protein in rat kidney. The coding sequence of the kidney transcript was found to be identical to the previously cloned ileal ASBT. Indirect immunofluorescence studies localized the ASBT protein to the apical membrane of the renal proximal convoluted tubule. Kinetic analysis of sodium-dependent taurocholate uptake using membrane vesicles revealed a similar Michaelis-Menten constant value for taurocholate in the kidney and intestine. ASBT protein and function were present in the kidney but not the ileum from 7-day-old rats. On postnatal day 7, there was a sevenfold increase in ASBT steady-state mRNA levels in the kidney relative to the ileum, yet nuclear run-on assays revealed that the nascent transcription rates at this age were virtually the same. This suggests that the difference in the neonatal expression of the ASBT gene in the kidney and ileum may be in part due to differences in mRNA stability.

scholarly journals Mitoprotective Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.: Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Opportunities in Neurodegenerative Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hui Wong ◽  
Anna M. Barron ◽  
Jafri Malin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Natural products remain a crucial source of drug discovery for accessible and affordable solutions for healthy aging. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (CA) is an important medicinal plant with a wide range of ethnomedicinal uses. Past in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the plant extract and its key components, such as asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and madecassoside, exhibit a range of anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cognitive benefits mechanistically linked to mitoprotective and antioxidant properties of the plant. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are key drivers of aging and neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Here we appraise the growing body of evidence that the mitoprotective and antioxidative effects of CA may potentially be harnessed for the treatment of brain aging and neurodegenerative disease.

scholarly journals Development of Hairy Root Cultures for Biomass and Triterpenoid Production in Centella asiatica

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Seungeun Baek ◽  
Jong-Eun Han ◽  
Thanh-Tam Ho ◽  
So-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Root ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Asiatic Acid ◽  
Hairy Root Cultures ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Petiole Explants

Centella asiatica (Apiaceae) is a tropical/subtropical medicinal plant, which contains a variety of triterpenoids, including madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid. In this study, we tested the efficiency of hairy root (HR) induction in C. asiatica from leaf and petiole explants. Leaves and petioles collected from C. asiatica plants were suspended in agro-stock for 30 min and co-cultured with Agrobacterium rhizogenes for 3 days to induce HR formation. The transformation efficiency of leaf and petiole explants was approximately 27% and 12%, respectively. A total of 36 HR lines were identified by PCR-based amplification of rol genes, and eight of these lines were selected for further analysis. Among all eight HR lines, the petiole-derived lines HP4 and HP2 displayed the highest growth index (37.8) and the highest triterpenoids concentration (46.57 mg∙g−1), respectively. Although triterpenoid concentration was >2-fold higher in leaves than in petioles of C. asiatica plants, the accumulation of triterpenoids in petiole-derived HR cultures was 1.4-fold higher than that in leaf-derived HR cultures. Additionally, in both leaf- and petiole-derived HR cultures, terpenoid production was higher in HRs than in adventitious roots. These results demonstrate that the triterpenoid content in the explant does not affect the triterpenoid content in the resultant HRs. The HR culture of C. asiatica could be scaled up to enable the mass production of triterpenoids in bioreactors for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

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